Nils F. Ambursen (February 6, 1876 – January 17, 1953) was a Norwegian-American civil engineer and inventor. He was the founder of Ambursen Hydraulic Construction Company and was known for his influential dam designs in the early 20th century. [1]
Early life and education
Ambursen was born at Fredrikstad in Østfold, Norway and was educated at the Telemark Civil Engineering College (Telemark ingeniørhøgskolein) in Skien, Telemark. Ambursen came to the United States by the age of 21. [2]
Career
Working for the B. F. Sturtevant Company in Hyde Park, Boston, Massachusetts, in 1903, Ambursen developed an innovative concrete slab and buttress dam for an industrial client in Theresa, New York. [3] [4] Ambursen's design was for a buttress dam requiring minimal buttress thickness in which the upstream part is a relatively thin flat slab typically made of reinforced concrete. Ambursen's concrete-slab-and-buttress design used far less material than a traditional gravity dam making it both a significant engineering advance and cost effective for clients. [5]
Ambursen promptly filed a patent on his own behalf and organized the Ambursen Hydraulic Construction Company, based in Boston. From 1903 through 1917, the company used the technique to construct more than one hundred dams in North America, most in New England. The record-breaking 41-meter-tall (135-foot) La Prele Dam in Converse County, Wyoming used 43 percent less concrete than an equivalent concrete gravity dam. [6] The structure allowed an interior hollow under the spillway; the 1907 Bloede's Dam on the Patapsco River in Maryland housed its hydroelectric power plant inside that hollow and therefore "under water". The company sued to preserve its patents fairly aggressively but with mixed success. [7] In some cases, the Ambursen dam became a more generic "Ambursen type", for instance at the 1911 Lock and Dam No. 1 on the Upper Mississippi River between Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. Civil engineer George Freeman received his own November 1912 patent on a modified version of the concrete buttress dam used there. [8]
In 1917, Ambursen left his company, which has continued to bear his name for over a hundred years. [9] Today perhaps fifty Ambursen-type dams from the post- World War II era stand outside the United States. The tallest example, 83 meters (272 ft), is the 1948 Escaba Dam (Dique Escaba) in Tucumán, Argentina. [10]
Work
Ambursen's designs include:
(all dams listed located in the United States)
- Warrior Ridge Dam (1906) in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania; "the focus of widespread attention in the engineering press" [11]
- Ellsworth Dam (1907) in Ellsworth, Maine [12]
- Bloede's Dam (1907) in Ilchester, Maryland [13]
- Ashley Dam (1907-1908; undermined 1909) on the Housatonic River near Pittsfield, Massachusetts [14]
- La Prele Dam (1908–1909; refurbished in 1977) near Douglas, Wyoming
- Rapidan Dam (1908 - 1910) on the Blue Earth River, Rapidan Township, Minnesota [15]
- River Mill Dam (1911) in Estacada, Oregon; on the National Register of Historic Places [16]
- Powersite Dam (1911–1913) in Forsyth, Missouri [17]
- Overholser Dam (1917–1918) in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; on the National Register of Historic Places [18]
- Remmel Dam (1924) impounding Lake Catherine, Jones Mill, Arkansas; on the National Register of Historic Places [19]
- Stony Gorge Dam (1926-1928) in Glenn County, California. [20]
See also
References
- ^ "Key Developments in the History of Buttress Dams -Flat Slab Buttress". simscience.org. Archived from the original on June 3, 2008. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
- ^ "Telemark ingeniørhøgskole". Norsk samfunnsvitenskapelig datatjeneste AS. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
- ^ "B.F.Sturtevant History". Sturtevant Division of Westinghouse. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
- ^ River Mill Dam (National Register of Historic Places)
- ^ "Ambursen buttress dam". United States Society on Dams. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
- ^ La Prele Dam (La Prele Dam, Reinforced Concrete Construction)
- ^ Jackson, Donald Conrad. Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood and the Control of Water in the West. p. 295.
- ^ Mississippi River 9-Foot Channel(Library of Congress)
- ^ Ambursen Company (nycompaniesindex)
- ^ Escaba Archived May 10, 2019, at the Wayback Machine (Organismo Regulador de Seguridad de Presas)
- ^ Ridge Dam, Spanning Frankstown Branch of Juniata River, Petersburg, Huntingdon County, PA (Historic American Buildings Survey)
- ^ Jackson, Donald C. Great American Bridges and Dams. p. 88.
- ^ Bloede Dam Archived September 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine State of Maryland Fisheries
- ^ Engineering News-Record. Volume 62. April 1, 1909. p. 345.
- ^ Blue Earth County, Minnesota. Blue Earth County Historical Society. p. 86].
- ^ "River Mill Hydroelectric Project" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
- ^ Kathleen VanBuskirk (June 10, 1984). "Powersite Dam". White River Valley Historical Quarterly. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
- ^ Lake Qverholser Dam (National Register of Historic Places Registration Form)
- ^ Remmel Dam on the Ouachita River at Jones Mills (Hot Spring County, AR (National Register of Historic Places Registration Form)
- ^ "Stony Gorge Dam". structurae.net. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
External links
Related reading
- Lyon, William K.; George W Petersen (1921) Comparative designs of Gravity and Ambursen dams (Armour Institute of Technology) ISBN 978-1175660305
- Hager, Willi H. (2015) Hydraulicians in the USA 1800-2000: A biographical dictionary of leaders in hydraulic engineering and fluid mechanics (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press) ISBN 9781315680125
- 1876 births
- 1953 deaths
- People from Fredrikstad
- People from Skien
- People from Boston
- American civil engineers
- American company founders
- 20th-century American inventors
- American inventors
- Concrete pioneers
- Norwegian civil engineers
- Norwegian inventors
- Norwegian emigrants to the United States
- 19th-century Norwegian people
- 19th-century American engineers
- 20th-century American engineers