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| Neocalamites merianii | |
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†Neocalamites Halle, 1908
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Neocalamites is an extinct genus of equisetalean plant. Neocalamites thrived during the Permian and Triassic, and occurs worldwide.
Description
According to Elgorriaga et al. 2018, characteristics of Neocalamites include: "(1) aerial stems with continuous ribs across nodes, (2) whorls of unfused leaves as in archaeocalamitacean plants, (3) compact strobili consisting of successive whorls of peltate sporangiophores, and (4) bearing six or more sporangia per sporangiophore as in equisetacean strobili." [1] The leaves are similar to those of Annularia while the stems closely resemble those of Calamites. [2] It is disputed as to whether members of the genus have secondary xylem. [1] [2] Neocalamites is suggested to have had a herbaceous to shrub like habit. It is suggested to have grown in wet habitats, such as on the banks of rivers. [2]
Taxonomy
Recent phylogenetic analysis has placed the genus as more closely related to modern Equisetaceae than to Calamitaceae. Cladogram after Elgorriaga et al, 2018 [1]
Chronology
According to Villalva et al. 2023 the chronological range of the genus spans from the Late Permian to the Late Jurassic. [2]
References
- ^ a b c Elgorriaga, A.; Escapa, I.H.; Rothwell, G.W.; Tomescu, A.M.F.; Cúneo, N.R. (2018). "Origin of Equisetum: Evolution of horsetails (Equisetales) within the major euphyllophyte clade Sphenopsida". American Journal of Botany. 105 (8): 1286–1303. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1125. PMID 30025163.
- ^ a b c d Villalva, Alejandra S.; Gnaedinger, Silvia; Zavattieri, Ana María (September 2023). "Systematic and organ relationships of Neocalamites (Halle) Vladimirovicz, and Nododendron (Artabe and Zamuner) emend. from the Triassic of Patagonia. Palaeobiogeographic, palaeoenvironments and palaeoecology considerations". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 316: 104939. doi: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.104939.
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