^Zeegers, T.; Schulten, A. (2022). Families of Flies with Three Pulvilli: Field Guide Northwest Europe. Graveland: Jeugdbondsuitgeverij. pp. 256pp.
ISBN9789051070682.
^Thomson, C.G. (1869). Diptera. Species nova descripsit. Pp. 443-614, In Kongliga svenska fregatten Eugenies resa omkring jorden under befäl af C. A. Virgin, åren1851-1853. 2 (Zoologi) 1, Insecta. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Soner. pp. 617 pp., pl. 9.
^Brullé, A.M. (1833). IVe Classe. Insectes [part], pp. 289-336. In; Bory de Saint-Vincent (ed.), Expedition scientifique de Moree. Section des sciences physiques 3 (1) (Zool. 2). Paris. pp. 400 pp.