Expression of identity through clothing, usually associated with a geographic area
A folk costume (also regional costume , national costume , traditional clothing , traditional garment or traditional regalia ) expresses a
national identity through clothing or costume, which is usually associated with a specific region or period of time in history. It can also indicate social, marital, or religious status. If the costume is used to represent the
culture or
identity of a specific
ethnic group , it is usually known as ethnic costume (also ethnic dress, ethnic wear, ethnic clothing, traditional ethnic wear or traditional ethnic garment). Such costumes often come in two forms: one for everyday occasions, the other for traditional
festivals and
formal wear . The word "costume" in this context is sometimes considered pejorative due to the multiple senses of the word, and in such cases "clothing", "garments" or "regalia" can be substituted without offense.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Following the rise of
romantic nationalism
[5] in parts of
Europe , pre-industrial peasantry came to serve as models for all that appeared genuine and desirable. These garments may be made from
traditional pre-industrial textiles , in regional styles.
In areas where
Western dress codes have become typical, traditional garments are often worn during special events or celebrations, particularly those connected to cultural tradition, heritage, or pride. International events may cater to non-Western attendees with a compound
dress code such as "business suit or national dress".
There are also contemporary societies in which traditional garments are required by
sumptuary laws . In
Bhutan , for example, the
driglam namzha mandates what citizens should wear in public spaces.
[6] Bhutanese citizens must wear the traditional clothing of the
Ngalop people , including a
gho and kera for men and a
kira and
wonju for women,
[7] in or near "monastic fortresses (dzong ), monasteries (gompa ) and temples (lhakhang ), and in government buildings, including when on official business, in schools and institutions, and at official occasions and assemblies".
[8] Karin Altmann states that the intent behind this law "was to prevent specific features of Bhutanese culture from disappearing," and "to emphasise national identity",
[8] but it has contributed to much conflict due to the sheer ethnic and cultural
diversity of Bhutan .
[9]
Africa
Central Africa
Cameroon
[10]
[11] –
pagne , kabba ,
head tie (female),
toghu ,
boubou ,
kwa ,
gandura (male); dress is highly dependent on region and tribe
Central African Republic –
Pagne ,
boubou
Chad –
Boubou ,
jalabiya ,
pagne
Democratic Republic of the Congo –
Pagne ,
Liputa style of dress,
kuba cloth
Equatorial Guinea –
Pano
Gabon –
Pagne ,
boubou ,
Abacost suit
[12]
Republic of the Congo –
Pagne ,
boubou
São Tomé and Príncipe –
Pano ,
boubou
Eastern Africa
Burundi –
Imvutano
Comoros
[13] –
Lesso , shiromani ,
salouva ,
bwibwi (female),
kandu ,
kofia (male)
Djibouti –
Macawiis (male),
Koofiyad (male), Dirac (female), Garbasaar (female); the
Afar people have their style of traditional clothing.
Eritrea –
Kidan Habesha (male),
zuria or
Habesha kemis (female)
Ethiopia –
Ethiopian suit or
Kidan Habesha (male),
Habesha kemis (female); each ethnic group has a traditional style of dress.
Kenya – There is no national costume, per se, but leso (
kanga ) is worn throughout Kenya;
[14]
kikoi , similar to kanga fabric, is also widespread. All tribes have their respective traditional garments, though; for example, the
Maasai wear their traditional shuka and beadwork
[14]
Madagascar –
Lamba
Mauritius and
Réunion – Sega dress
Rwanda –
Mushanana
Seychelles – Kanmtole dress
Somalia –
Kanzu or Khamiis,
Macawiis (male),
Kitenge ,
Koofiyad (male), Dirac (female),
Guntiino (female),
Garbasaar (female)
Sudan –
Jalabiyyah ,
Taqiyyah , and
Turban (male), Toob, a cotton women's dress (female)
Tanzania –
kanzu and
kofia (male),
kanga (female);
[14] varies by tribe
Uganda –
Kanzu and
Kofia (male),
Gomesi (female),
Mushanana (Female - South Western Uganda)
Northern Africa
Algeria –
Burnous ,
ghlila ,
caftan ,
gandoura ,
haik ,
jellaba ,
m'laya , and
sarouel
Egypt –
Galabeya
Libya –
Jellabiya , farmla (embroidered vest),
fouta
Morocco –
Djellaba ,
fez , and
balgha (male),
takchita (female)
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic –
Darra'a (male),
el-melhfa Sahraoui (female)
Tunisia –
Jebba ,
chechia ,
fouta
Southern Africa
Angola –
Pano
Botswana - leteisi and Tshega
Lesotho –
Shweshwe clothing and
blankets ,
Mokorotlo
Malawi –
Chitenje
Mozambique –
Capulana
[15]
Namibia
[15] –
Herero traditional clothing, like the ohorokova dress
[16]
South Africa –
Sotho –
Shweshwe ,
basotho blankets ,
Mokorotlo
Xhosa
[15] –
Umbhaco (men and women); faskoti, inxili (sling bag),
ncebetha ,
iqhiya , ibhayi (women); ingqosha, isidanga,
unngqa (men)
Zulu
[15] – Isicholo, isidwaba, umutsha, ibheshu
Afrikaners and
Rooineks :
slouch hat ,
safari shirt ,
veldskoen , knee-high socks,
khaki
Bermuda shorts or trousers.
Zambia –
Chitenje
Zimbabwe – ibhetshu,isidwaba,isicholo
Chitenje
Western Africa
Benin –
Dashiki suit and
Aso Oke Hat (male),
Buba and wrapper set (female)
Burkina Faso –
Batakari (male),
Kaftan (female)
Cape Verde –
Pano de terra
Côte d'Ivoire –
Kente cloth (male),
Kente kaba and slit set (female)
Gambia –
Boubou (male),
Kaftan (female)
Ghana –
Kente cloth or
Ghanaian smock (called fugu or batakari)
[17] and
kufi (male),
Kente kaba and slit set (female),
agbada (male)
Guinea –
Boubou (male),
Kaftan (female)
Guinea-Bissau – Ethnic clothes of Guinea-Bissau; for example:
Fula :
Boubou (male),
Kaftan (female)
Liberia –
Dashiki suit and
Kufi (male),
Buba and skirt set (female)
Mali –
Grand boubou and
Kufi (male),
Kaftan (female),
bogolan
[17]
Mauritania –
Darra'a (male),
Melhfa (female)
Niger –
Souban cloth ,
Melhfa ,
Babban riga ,
Tagelmust ,
Alasho (male),
Kaftan (female)
Nigeria –
Agbada ,
Dashiki or
Isiagu and
Aso Oke Hat (male),
Buba and wrapper set (female)
Senegal –
Senegalese kaftan and
Kufi (male),
Kaftan (female)
Togo -
Batakari ,
Agbada or Ewe
kente cloth (male),
Pagne or
kente kaba (female)
Asia
Central Asia
Tajikistan –
Chapan ,
tubeteika ,
turban ,
paranja
Kazakhstan
[18] –
Shapan , zhargak, zhegde,
kalpak ,
jargaq shapa (male), saukele, kimeshek,
koylek (female), shalbar,
kupe (male and female)
Kyrgyzstan
[18] –
Chapan , terishym (salwar),
kalpak (male), saukele, beldemchi, koylek, elechek (female), koinok (male and female)
Turkmenistan –
Chapan
Uzbekistan –
Khalat ,
tubeteika ,
chapan ,
turban ,
paranja
East Asia
North Asia
South Asia
Afghanistan
[23] –
Pashtun dress :
pakul ,
lungee ,
chapan (khalat),
shalwar kameez (male), and
firaq partug ,
burqa ,
chador ,
niqab (female)
Bangladesh
[24] –
Sherwani ,
kurta (panjabi),
lungi ,
fotua ,
gamcha (male), and
shari , long skirt, mexi,
[25]
selwar kamiz ,
orna ,
kurtee (female)
Bhutan
[23] –
Ngalop people :
Gho ,
kera ,
toego ,
kabney (male) and
kira ,
wonju , rachus (female)
India
[26]
[27] –
Achkan ,
sherwani ,
dhoti ,
phiran ,
kurta ,
turban (male) and
shalwar kameez ,
sari ,
patiala salwar ,
lehenga ,
choli ,
pathin ,
mundum neriyatum (
Malayali people of
Kerala ),
dupatta (female),
churidar (men and women); traditional dress of the
Monpa people
Maldives
[23] – Dhivehi libaas, feyli,
buruga (women) and
Dhivehi mundu (men)
Nepal
[23] –
Daura-Suruwal and
Dhaka topi , (male) and Gunyou Cholo (female); traditional
Newar ,
Sunuwar ,
Rai ,
Limbu (bakku, chuwa) clothing
Pakistan
[26] –
Peshawari turban ,
shalwar kameez ,
churidar (male),
shalwar kameez and
dupatta (female),
pagri (men and women)
Sri Lanka
[23] – Lama Sariya,
Kandyan saree (
Sinhalese ), Nivi draped saree (female) and jathika anduma, mul anduma, kavaniya (male)
Southeast Asia
Brunei –
Baju Melayu ,
Songkok (male),
Baju Kurung ,
Tudung (female)
Cambodia
[28] –
Sampot ,
Apsara ,
Sabai ,
Krama ,
Chang kben
East Timor
[28] –
Tais mane, tais feto
Indonesia
[28] – There are numerous
national and
regional clothing in Indonesia due to the diversity of cultures that make up the island nation; they include:
Laos –
xout lao ,
suea pat ,
pha hang ,
pha biang ,
sinh
Malaysia –
Baju Melayu and
Songkok (male),
Baju Kurung ,
Baju Kebarung (Kebaya/Kurung hybrid),
Tudung (female); every state has its style of baju including a special baju for the Federal Territories.
Myanmar
[28] –
Longyi ,
gaung baung , taipon (male), thummy, eingyi (female)
Philippines –
Barong (male) and
Baro't saya ;
Maria Clara gown , Terno (female),
Malong ,
Patadyong ,
Tapis ,
Salakot
Singapore –
Thailand –
Chut thai ,
Pha chung hang ,
Pha biang (both genders),
Pha nung ,
Sinh ,
Thai Chakkri (female)
Raj pattern ,
Suea Phraratchathan (male)
Vietnam
[28] –
Việt phục :
Áo giao lĩnh ,
Áo dài ,
Áo tứ thân ,
Áo bà ba ,
Áo ngũ thân
West Asia
Armenia —
Armenian dress (taraz ) includes the
arkhalig (long jacket),
arakhchin ,
burka ,
chokha ,
kalpak ,
papakha ,
shalvar
Azerbaijan —
Azerbaijani traditional clothing include the
arkhalig ,
chokha ,
kelaghayi ,
kalpak
Cyprus — Zimbouni (waistcoat), vraka (men's breeches), and saiya (women's formal festival dress)
Israel – A national symbol of Israel is the
tembel hat ; the
sudra ,
gargush , the
Hasidic
rekel , the
Sephardi kavese
[29] (hat);
biblical sandals , see also
Jewish religious clothing
Iran –
Chador ,
turban ,
thawb (dishdasha/kameez),
zardozi ,
battoulah ;
Kurdish clothing , including
Sanjabi selte (jacket), chokho-raanak (trousers)
Iraq –
Assyrian clothing ,
keffiyeh ,
Hashimi Dress ,
bisht ,
dishdasha ,
Kurdish clothing ,
agal
Jordan –
Keffiyeh ,
bisht ,
thawb ,
Bedouin clothing
Lebanon –
Tantour ,
labbade ,
sherwal ,
keffiyeh ,
taqiyah
Kuwait –
Dishdasha ,
keffiyeh
Oman –
Dishdasha ,
khanjar ,
keffiyeh
Palestine – The
keffiyeh , a symbol of Palestinian identity. The
thawb , its most popular styles being from
Bethlehem and
Ramallah decorated with traditional
Palestinian embroidery .
Qatar –
Thawb ,
keffiyeh
Saudi Arabia –
Thawb ,
ghutrah ,
agal ,
bisht ,
abaya ,
jilbab ,
niqab ,
Hejazi turban
Syria –
Dishdasha ,
sirwal ,
taqiyah ,
keffiyeh
Turkey —
Kalpak , yazma,
kaftan ,
turban , salvar,
Çarık ,
Cepken-Yelek , Boynuz Kemer - Horn belt
United Arab Emirates –
Kandura ,
thawb ,
abaya ; older women would still wear the
battoulah visor
Yemen –
Thawb ,
izaar ,
turban ,
jambiya ,
niqab
Europe
Eastern Europe
Belarus –
slutsk stash , the national type of
wimple (namitka )
Georgia –
chokha (every region has its own specific design of Chokha),
Papakha
Ossetia –
Chokha
Russia – many types, including
bast shoes ,
Boyar hat ,
Ryasna ,
Sarafan ,
[30]
Kaftan ,
Kokoshnik ,
Kosovorotka ,
Ushanka ,
Valenki ; (
Sami )
Gákti ,
Luhkka for colder weather
Ukraine –
national costumes of Ukraine include the
Vyshyvanka ,
Sharovary ,
Żupan , and
Ukrainian wreath
[31]
Central Europe
Austria - Each state has a specific design on national costume; the most famous is that of
Tyrol , consisting of the characteristic Tyrolean
tracht and
dirndls .
Czech Republic –
kroje
Germany – Every state has its own specific design of a national costume (
Tracht ). For example,
Bavaria 's well-known tracht:
Lederhosen and
Dirndl .
Hungary – elements of
Hungarian folk costumes include pendely (linen underskirt), gatya (pleated skirt-like pants), elejbőr (sheepskin vest-like item), kacagány (fur pelt), and ködmön (sheepskin coat)
[32]
Poland –
czamara ,
żupan ,
kontusz ,
rogatywka ; there are many regional styles, including those of
Łowicz ,
Kurpie Zielone ,
Biłgoraj ,
Lachy Sądeckie ,
Kraków ,
Podhale ,
Szamotuły , and
Kaszuby
[33]
Slovakia –
kroje
Northern Europe
Denmark –
Folkedragt
Estonia –
Rahvarõivad ,
[34] also known as rahvariided
Finland – Every region has its own specific design of national costume (kansallispuku , nationaldräkt ). These vary widely. Many of them resemble Swedish costumes, but some take influences from Russian costumes as well. For the
Sami in Finland, each place has its own
Gákti or
Luhkka for colder weather
[35]
Iceland –
Þjóðbúningurinn
Ireland –
Aran sweater ,
Irish walking hat ,
flat cap ,
Grandfather shirt ,
Galway shawl ,
brogue ,
Irish stepdance costume
Latvia –
Latvian
national costumes (tautastērpi ) vary by region
[36]
Lithuania –
Aukštaitija ,
Žemaitija ,
Dzūkija ,
Suvalkija , and
Klaipėdos (
Mažoji Lietuva ) have related but distinguishable folk dress
[37]
Norway – Every
county (including
Svalbard , which isn't a county) has a designated style of folk costume, or
Bunad ; the most famous bunader come from
Hardanger and
Setesdal ;
Sami :
Gákti , and for colder weather,
Luhkka
[38]
Sweden – the traditional
folkdräkt has been specific to the local region and varied from province to province but has since 1983 been supplemented by an official National Costume,
Sverigedräkten [
sv ] , common for all;
[39] first unisex design in 2022:
Bäckadräkten ;
[40] 18th century:
Nationella dräkten ;
Sami :
Gákti ,
Luhkka for colder weather
[39]
United Kingdom –
Every constituent country has its own national costume.
Southern Europe
Albania –
Albanian Traditional Clothing ,
Fustanella ,
Tirq ,
Xhamadan ,
Opinga
Andorra –
Barretina ,
espadrilles
Bulgaria – Every town has its own design of a national costume (nosia ), with different types of clothing items traditional for each of the ethnographic regions of the country.
[41]
[42]
Croatia –
Croatian national costume ,
Lika cap ,
Šibenik cap
Greece –
Fustanella ,
Breeches (Vraka),
Amalia costume .
Italy –
Italian folk dance costumes;
Kosovo –
Traditional clothing of Kosovo ,
Qeleshe ,
Tirq ,
Xhubleta ,
Xhamadan ,
Opinga
Malta –
Għonnella
Montenegro –
Montenegrin cap
North Macedonia –
Macedonian national costume
Portugal – Every region has its own specific design of a national costume. The most famous costumes come from
Viana do Castelo and
Nazaré .
Romania –
Romanian dress
Serbia – Every region has different design of a national costume.
Serbian traditional clothing ,
Lika cap ,
Montenegrin cap ,
Opanci ,
Šajkača ,
Šubara
Slovenia – Gorenjska narodna noša
Spain –
Every autonomous region has its own national costume.
Western Europe
Belgium –
Bleu sårot (Wallonia)
France – Every administrative region has a style of folk costume, varying by department. For example,
Brittany , with
Breton costume varying by department and predominantly used in
Cercles celtiques ,
pardons and festivals.
Liechtenstein –
Tracht ,
Dirndl
Netherlands – Many areas, villages, and towns used to have their own
traditional style of clothing . In the 21st century, only a few hundred people still wear traditional dresses and suits on a daily basis. They can be found mainly in
Staphorst (about 700 women),
Volendam (about 50 men) and
Marken (about 40 women). Most well-known parts of Dutch folk costumes outside the Netherlands are probably the
Dutch woman's bonnet and
klompen .
Switzerland - Every canton has a specific design of national dress. The most famous Swiss costumes come mainly from the German-speaking cantons of
Appenzell ,
Bern and
Zug .
North America
Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda – plaid dress, with white pinafore for women, designed by
Heather Doram
Bahamas - None, unofficially
Androsia -cloth clothing.
Junkanoo costumes can be considered folk costume but fall more into the sector of carnival dress than traditional garment.
Cuba –
Guayabera ,
panama hat (male), guarachera
[43] (female)
Dominican Republic –
Chacabana ,
panama hat
Dominica –
Madras
Haiti –
Karabela dress (female),
Shirt jacket (male)
Jamaica –
Bandanna cloth
Quadrille dress (female),
Bandanna cloth shirt and white
trousers (male),
Jamaican Tam
Puerto Rico –
Guayabera ,
panama hat (male), enaguas
[43] (female)
St. Lucia –
Madras
Trinidad and Tobago – Tobago has an Afro-Tobagonian Creole culture with the
Bélé costumes as their typical garment, commonly made of
madras . Trinidad, however, has no defined national garment; the two major ethnic groups in the island wear the following during cultural occasions:
Central America
Northern America
Bermuda –
Bermuda shorts
Canada :
First Nations –
button blanket ,
buckskins ,
moccasins ,
Chilkat blanket ,
Cowichan sweater ,
war bonnet . Many communities prefer the word "Regalia" to denote their folk dress.
Lumberjacks of
Quebec and
Ontario – Traditional logging wear includes
mackinaw jackets or
flannel shirts, with headgear being a
tuque or
trapper hat ; a good example is seen with folk characters like
Big Joe Mufferaw .
Maritimes –
Acadians wear their traditional heritage clothing on special occasions like the
Tintamarre . The Scottish background in
Nova Scotia has brought the
Nova Scotia tartan as folk wear in the form of kilts, aboyne dresses and trews for
Scottish highland dance competitions.
Métis –
Ceinture fléchée ,
Capote ,
Moccasins
Newfoundland - Traditional
mummers dress in masks and baggy clothes in Christmas season celebrations; the Cornish influence has also brought yellow
oilskins and
sou'westers as typical wear in coastal areas.
Nunavut and other
Inuit communities –
Parka ,
mukluks ,
amauti
Prairies –
Cowboy costume is common on events such as the
Calgary Stampede ; often worn with
Calgary White Hats .
Quebec and
French Canadians –
Ceinture fléchée ,
Capote ,
tuque
Mexico –
Charro outfit ,
Guayabera ,
Sarape ,
Sombrero (male),
Rebozo ,
China Poblana dress (female); every state has a typical folk dress, for example:
United States :
Alaska –
Kuspuks , worn with dark pants and
mukluks , as well as
parkas are traditional
native wear.
Hawaii – See the
Oceania section, below
American Southwest ,
Texas and rural areas in the
Midwestern and
Western US –
Cowboy costume , derived from original Mexican
vaquero and
American pioneer garb is traditional dress in
Texas , the
Southwestern US , and many rural communities, including
cowboy hats ,
Western shirts ,
cowboy boots ,
jeans ,
chaps ,
prairie skirts , and
bolo ties .
Utah – Mormons may dress in 19th-century pioneer clothing for
Mormon trek -related activities and events.
American
Upper Midwest ,
Pacific Northwest , the northern portions of the
Great Lakes Basin and northern
New England (especially
Maine ) – Due to the cold weather, the garb in rural areas tends to more closely adhere to heavier materials, such as
flannel shirts or
Buffalo plaid
mackinaw jackets , and a
knit cap or, in the case of the
Upper Peninsula , a
Stormy Kromer cap . A good example is seen in the typical attire of
Paul Bunyan , a folk hero popular in areas where logging was a common occupation, as well as
lumberjacks working in the area.
The
Amish (mostly found in
Pennsylvania ,
Ohio and
Indiana ) follow a style of
plain dress .
Deep South – Traditional
Southern US wear includes white
seersucker suits and
string ties for men, and
sun hats and large
Southern belle -style dresses for women.
Nantucket – Summer residents of
Nantucket will often wear
Nantucket Reds .
Various styles of
Native American clothing; for example, traditional
pow-wow regalia for
Plains Indians :
Moccasins ,
buckskins , glass beads,
breech clouts , and
war bonnets or
roaches .
New York – According to folklorist
Washington Irving ,
knickerbockers similar to the
breeches of the
Pilgrims and
Founding Fathers were traditionally worn by many wealthy Dutch families in 19th century New York. Historically, these short pants remained commonplace among young urban American boys until the mid 20th century.
Oceania
Australia and New Zealand
Melanesia
Fiji –
Sulu ,
chamba (sulu i ra ),
tapa cloth (called masi ),
i-sala ,
kuta (specifically in the village of Dama,
Bua Province ), bula;
saree ,
shalwar kameez , and other
Indo-Fijian traditional and religious clothing originating in
South Asia
[44]
New Caledonia –
Manou ,
robes mission
[45]
Papua New Guinea –
Meri blaus ,
lap-lap ,
koteka , bilum (traditional string bags),
[46]
[47] grass covers
[47]
Solomon Islands –
Tapa cloth ,
[48]
[49]
grass skirts ,
kap-kap ,
[50] breastplates (called tema , tambe , or tepatu ),
[51] kabilato , aba obi (women), fo’osae (men)
[52]
Vanuatu
[53] –
Aelan dress ,
lap-lap
Micronesia
Polynesia
South America
Argentina –
Gaucho costume; every province has a specific design of
poncho , with the
poncho salteño being the most recognized.
Bolivia –
Poncho ,
Chullo ,
Andean pollera
Brazil – Each region has its own traditional costume.
Chile –
Huaso costume:
Chamanto ,
Chupalla
Colombia –
Sombrero Vueltiao ,
ruana ,
white shirt ,
trousers and
alpargatas (male),
blouse ,
Cumbia pollera ,
Sombrero vueltiao and
alpargatas (female); every region has a distinct costume.
Ecuador –
Poncho ,
Panama hat
Guyana - Guyana is unique among South American nations to not have a designated style of national dress. Every ethnic group wears their cultural clothing during important events or occasions:
Paraguay –
Ao po'i
Peru –
Chullo ,
Poncho ,
Andean pollera
Suriname –
Kotomisse ,
Pangi cloth
Uruguay –
Gaucho costume
Venezuela –
Llanero costume (
Liqui liqui and pelo e' guama hat; men),
Joropo dress and pelo e' guama hat (women)
Gallery
Africa
Asia
Examples of ancient
Babylonian dress
Ancient
Assyrian clothing
Gulf Arabs wearing traditional
'athwaab and culturally-specific
headwear in
Omen
Yemeni women wearing
abayat
Woman from
Ramallah wearing traditional
Palestinian dress, including a
taqsireh and
smadeh (c. 1929–1946)
Traditional
Azerbaijani dress, including
kelaghayi
An
Iranian family celebrating
Nowruz in their traditional ethnic attire
Afghan children wearing traditional clothes in
Kabul
A group of
Baloch men wearing traditional dress, including
Balochi shalwar kameez
A variety of cultural clothing from across
India , but common throughout the
Indian subcontinent , including
lehengas ,
cholis ,
salwar kameez , and
dupatta
A
Bangladeshi bridal handloom
sari
Two
Malay women wearing
Baju Kurung
Hmong girls in
Vietnam wearing traditional dress
A young
Filipina wearing a
Maria Clara gown or
traje de mestiza
Paiwan and
Rukai people in
Sandimen ,
Pingtung County ,
Taiwan celebrate a harvest festival in traditional dress
Amis/Pangcah tribe members (from the Fata'an group) performing a group dance at the 2016
Amis Music Festival in
Dulan, Taiwan
An example of traditional dress in
China
Women wearing
ruqun in
China
National costume of
Mongolia (
deel )
Tuvan horse-riders wearing
deel
A woman and man wearing traditional
Korean
hanbok
Europe
North America
Two
Inuit women wearing
amautiit (skirted style, akuliq) in
Nunavut (1995)
Chief Anotklosh (
Taku ) wearing a
Chilkat robe in
Juneau, Alaska (c. 1913)
Alaska Native dancer performing in a
kuspuk
Cowichan sweater featuring the Thunderbird design
A
Siksika Blackfoot
capote ; the capote is seen as the traditional coat of the
Métis , some Prairie First Nations and French-Canadian
Voyageurs
Winnemem Wintu chief Caleen Sisk in traditional dress (2009)
A modern-day
Cheyenne
dog soldier wearing a feathered
headdress during a powwow at the Indian Summer festival in
Henry Maier Festival Park ,
Milwaukee
Ulster-American folk costume worn in a museum in
Northern Ireland ; Ulster Americans primarily lived in the
Appalachian region
An
Amish family in traditional
plain dress
China Poblana dress, emblematic of
Puebla and sometimes considered the national costume of Mexico
Dancers wearing traditional
tehuana of
Oaxaca
Young
Mayan women in traditional dress in
Antigua, Guatemala
Mayan folk clothing in
Guatemala
An
Ixil
huipil tunic with a skirt, belt, and shawl (mid to late 20th century)
Pipil women dancing in the traditional Procession of Palms in
Panchimalco ,
El Salvador
Two women wearing
pollera in
Panama
Emberá women in a parade in
Chitré , capital of
Herrera Province ,
Panama
A woman wearing a traditional
Guadeloupean dress
Oceania
South America
Notes
^ See
wikt:costume#Usage notes [
better source needed ]
^ Reese, Debbie (15 May 2007).
"The word "costume" and American Indians" . American Indians in Children's Literature . Retrieved 9 November 2023 .
^ Arce, Isis (4 February 2019).
"Native Regalia is NOT a Costume!" . Voices of Native Youth . Retrieved 9 November 2023 .
^ Higgins, Julissa (7 May 2018).
"Opinion: Why It's Time to Stop Using the Word "Garb" " . The Fashion Studies Journal . Retrieved 9 November 2023 .
^
^ Shah, Shalini (October 31, 2016).
"Bhutan's Queen Mother Sangay Choden Wangchuck on weaves in everyday life" .
Vogue India . Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^ Lhamo, Passang (April 2, 2019).
"Driglam Namzha: Why The Bhutanese Do What They Do" .
Daily Bhutan . Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^
a
b Altmann, Karin (2016).
Fabric of Life - Textile Arts in Bhutan: Culture, Tradition and Transformation . Berlin, München, Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 30–32.
doi :
10.1515/9783110428612 .
ISBN
9783110428612 .
^
"Lhotshampas" . Minority Rights . 6 May 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2023 .
^ Chatterjee, Saheli.
"Anthropology in Fashion: Cultural Clothing in Central Africa" . YOAIR Blog . Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^
"Traditional Tuesday: Cameroon edition" . Nene Fashion . 4 March 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^ Rabimov, Stephan (July 12, 2017).
"Gabon's 'Heritage' On Display At The New York Fashion Week: Men's" . Forbes . Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^
"Come Discover the Culture of Comoros" . Adore Comores . Retrieved 11 November 2023 .
^
a
b
c Chatterjee, Saheli.
"Anthropology in Fashion: Cultural Clothing in Eastern Africa" . YOAIR Blog . Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^
a
b
c
d Chatterjee, Saheli.
"Anthropology in Fashion: Cultural Clothing in Southern Africa" . YOAIR Blog . Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^ Kanungo, Pallavi (February 23, 2023).
"Ohorokova: The African attire born out of protest" . HT School . Hindustan Times. Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^
a
b Chatterjee, Saheli.
"Anthropology in Fashion: Cultural Clothing in Western Africa" . YOAIR Blog . Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^
a
b Chatterjee, Saheli.
"Anthropology in Fashion: Cultural Clothing in Central Asia" . YOAIR Blog . Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^
"The Clothing of Taiwan's Indigenous People– Men and Women's Clothes" . Digital Taiwan - Culture & Nature . Retrieved 10 November 2023 .
^
"Dress and Dressing Up" . Taiwan Memory Exhibition . National Central Library. Retrieved 10 November 2023 .
^
"Bunun" . Council of Indigenous Peoples . Retrieved 10 November 2023 .
^ Hejzlarová, Tereza (2019).
"Traditions and Innovations in the Clothing of Southern Altaians" . Annals of the Náprstek Museum . 40 (1): 13–17.
doi :
10.2478/anpm-2019-0002 .
S2CID
208534450 . Retrieved 2 December 2023 .
^
a
b
c
d
e Chatterjee, Saheli.
"Anthropology in Fashion: Cultural Clothing in South Asia" . YOAIR Blog . Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^ Al Mamun, Abdullah (May 28, 2023).
"Traditional Dress of Bangladesh That Reflect Our Culture and Heritage" . Bangladeshi Heritage . Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^
"What to Wear in Bangladesh" . whattowearonvacation . Retrieved 19 July 2023 .
^
a
b Chatterjee, Saheli.
"Anthropology in Fashion: Cultural Clothing in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan" . YOAIR Blog . Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^ Sawe, Benjamin (April 25, 2017).
"What Are Examples Of Traditional Indian Clothing?" . WorldAtlas . Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^
a
b
c
d
e Chatterjee, Saheli.
"Anthropology in Fashion: Cultural Clothing in Southeast Asia" . YOAIR Blog . Retrieved 8 November 2023 .
^ Phelan, Miriam.
"Sephardi Dress" . Jewish Museum London . Retrieved 3 December 2023 .
^
"Traditional Dress" . The Museum of Russian Art. Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^ National Center of Folk Culture "Ivan Honchar Museum".
"Get the Ukrainian Look: Ukrainian Folk Dress" . Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^ Béni, Alexandra (January 18, 2018).
"Get to know the invaluable Hungarian folk costumes" . Daily News Hungary . Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^ The State Ethnographic Museum in Warsaw.
"Regional Types - Traditional Polish Folk Costumes" . Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^
"Estonian Folk Costumes" . rahvaroivad.ee . NGO Estonian National Costume (MTÜ Rahvarõivas). Retrieved December 23, 2023 .
^
"The National Costume Center of Finland" . craftmuseum.fi . Craft Museum of Finland. Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^
"Latvian National Costumes" . The National Costume Center SENĀ KLĒTS. Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^
"National Costumes" . Lithuanian National Culture Centre. Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^
"Bunad history" . bunadogfolkedrakt.no . Norsk institutt for bunad og folkedrakt (Norwegian Institute for Bunad and Folk Costume). Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^
a
b
"Swedish Traditional Clothing: The Ultimate Guide" . seekscandinavia.com . Seek Scandinavia. May 31, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2023 .
^ Welin, Matilda (January 10, 2023).
"The Scandinavian Folk Clothing Right for Now" . The Collection .
BBC . Archived from
the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2024 .
^
"Носиите – Жеравна 2014" . Nosia.bg. 2013-06-16. Retrieved 2014-08-27 .
^
"Български народни носии – България в стари снимки и пощенски картички" . Retrobulgaria.com. Retrieved 2014-08-27 .
^
a
b Condra, Jill, ed. (2013).
Encyclopedia of National Dress, Vol. I . Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 123.
ISBN
9780313376375 .
^
"Fijians of Indian Descent – Clothing" . Think Pacific . Think Pacific Limited. Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^
"Check out our iconic products: Mother Hubbard dresses" . Ardici . Ardici: Artisanat de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^ McDonald, Hamish (January 18, 2023).
"Papua New Guinea's 'bilums' weave together function, fashion" . Nikkei Asia . Mount Hagen, Papua New Guinea. Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^
a
b
"Weaving and clothing" . archives.anu.edu.au . Australian National University. Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^
"Tapa: Pacific Style - Solomon Islands tapa" . tepapa.govt.nz . Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^
"Traditional Tapa Valued in Tikopia" . Solomon Times . Honiara, Solomon Islands. March 5, 2008. Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^ Leigh, Carolyn; Perry, Ron.
"Solomon Islands jewelry" . Art-Pacific.com . Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^
"Breastplate (Tema, Tambe, or Tepatu)" . metmuseum.org . The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^ Burt, Ben (March 1990).
"Kwara'ae Costume Ornaments" . Expedition Magazine . Vol. 32, no. 1. Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
^ Cummings, Maggie (2013).
"Looking Good: The Cultural Politics of the Island Dress for Young Women in Vanuatu" (PDF) . The Contemporary Pacific . 25 (1): 33–65.
doi :
10.1353/cp.2013.0007 .
hdl :
10125/32890 .
S2CID
145598013 . Retrieved November 7, 2023 .
Africa Asia
Central East South Southeast Middle East
Europe
Balkan British Isles Central Eastern Western
Netherlands
France
Spain
Italy
Scandinavian
South America North America Oceania
National costume of Europe
Sovereign states States with limited recognition Dependencies and other entities