The Memorial Hall is white with four sides. The roof is blue and octagonal, a shape that picks up the
symbolism of the number eight, a number traditionally associated in China with abundance and good fortune. Two sets of white stairs, each with 89 steps to represent Chiang's age at the time of his death, lead to the main entrance. The ground level of the memorial houses a library and a museum documenting Chiang Kai-shek's life and career, with exhibits detailing Taiwan's history and development. The upper level contains the main hall, in which a large statue of Chiang Kai-shek is located, and where a guard mounting ceremony takes place at regular intervals.
Development
After
PresidentChiang Kai-shek died on 5 April 1975, the
executive branch of the government established a Funeral Committee to build a memorial. The design, by architect
Yang Cho-cheng, was chosen in a competition. Yang's design incorporated many elements of traditional Chinese
architecture to mirror that of the
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in
Nanjing in mainland China. (The
Kuomintang (KMT) revered Dr.
Sun as founder of the party and the
government Chiang had led.) Groundbreaking for the memorial took place on 31 October 1976, the 90th anniversary of Chiang's birth. The hall officially opened on 5 April 1980, the fifth anniversary of the leader's death.
Yang's design placed the main building at the east end of the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Park (中正紀念公園), covering over 240,000 square metres (290,000 sq yd) in
Zhongzheng District. A main gate, the Gate of Great Centrality and Perfect Uprightness (大中至正) was placed at the west end on Chung Shan South Road, with a Gate of Great Loyalty (大忠門) standing at the north side on Hsin Yi (Xinyi) Road and a Gate of Great Piety (大孝門) standing at the south side on Ai Kuo (Aiguo) East Road. A Boulevard of Homage, bordered by manicured bushes, connected the main hall with the square.
Subsequent history
The square became Taipei's site of choice for mass gatherings as soon as it opened. The nature of many of those gatherings gave the site new public meanings. The hall and square became the hub of events in the 1980s and early 1990s that ushered Taiwan into its era of modern
democracy. Of the many pro-democracy demonstrations that took place at the square, the most influential were the
Wild Lily student movement rallies of 1990. The movement provided the impetus for the far-reaching political reforms of President
Lee Teng-hui. These culminated in the first
popular elections of national leaders in 1996.
The site's importance in the development of Taiwan's
democracy led to the plaza's rededication as
Liberty Square by President
Chen Shui-bian in 2007.[2] Memorial Hall was also renamed in a dedication to democracy. The
announcement of the new names were greeted with hostility by Kuomintang officials. The original dedication to Chiang was subsequently restored to the hall by President
Ma Ying-jeou, while the name Liberty Square was eventually affirmed by officials across party lines.[3]
In 2017, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the
February 28 Incident and the 30th anniversary of the lifting of
martial law, Taiwan's Ministry of Culture announced plans to transform the hall into a national center for “facing history, recognizing agony, and respecting human rights.” Scholars and experts were invited to form an advisory group to help plan the hall's transformation.[1] Public discussion of the transformation began the following year in forums held throughout Taiwan.[4]
The Chinese inscription now over the main gate declares the plaza Liberty Square. The calligraphic style recalls that of
Wang Xizhi in the
East Jin Dynasty (see
Chinese calligraphy). The style is noted for its sense of vitality, movement and freedom. The
characters in the inscription are placed in left-to-right sequence to follow modern practice in Taiwan. (The right-to-left order of ancient Chinese tradition had been observed at the site up until then.)[5]
In 2018,
pro-independence student activists stormed the hall and threw paint on the statue of Chiang Kai-Shek; two were arrested and penalized for NT$2000.[6][7]
In 2019 the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall hosted an exhibition by the Chinese artist Ling Feng (靈峰). The 88 works exhibited were sharply critical of the
Chinese Communist Party and authoritarianism in general.[8]
A panorama of
Liberty Square, with the National Concert Hall (left) and the National Theater (right)
Gallery
Aerial view of the Memorial Hall
View of the front gate
Guard in the main chamber
The lower level exhibition area
Taipei Lantern Festival festivities on the square (2004)