This article is about crystalline nanoparticles. For other nanocrystalline materials, see
Nanocrystalline.
A nanocrystal is a material particle having at least one dimension smaller than 100 nanometres, based on quantum dots[1] (a
nanoparticle) and composed of
atoms in either a
single- or
poly-crystalline arrangement.[2]
The size of nanocrystals distinguishes them from larger
crystals. For example, silicon nanocrystals can provide efficient light emission while bulk silicon does
not[3] and may be used for memory components.[4]
When embedded in solids, nanocrystals may exhibit much more complex melting behaviour than conventional solids[5] and may form the basis of a special class of solids.[6] They can behave as single-domain systems (a volume within the system having the same atomic or molecular arrangement throughout) that can help explain the behaviour of
macroscopic samples of a similar material without the complicating presence of
grain boundaries and other
defects.[citation needed]
The traditional method involves molecular precursors, which can include typical metal salts and a source of the anion. Most semiconducting nanomaterials feature chalcogenides (SS−, SeS−, TeS−) and pnicnides (P3−, As3−, Sb3−). Sources of these elements are the silylated derivatives such as
bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide (S(SiMe3)2 and
tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine (P(SiMe3)3).[7]
Some procedures use surfactants to solubilize the growing nanocrystals.[9] In some cases, nanocrystals can exchange their elements with reagents through atomic diffusion.[9]
^Fuhr, O.; Dehnen, S.; Fenske, D. (2013). "Chalcogenide Clusters of Copper and Silver from Silylated Chalcogenide Sources". Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 (4): 1871–1906.
doi:
10.1039/C2CS35252D.
PMID22918377.
^Fenske, D.; Persau, C.; Dehnen, S.; Anson, C. E. (2004). "Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Ag-S Cluster Compounds [Ag70S20(SPh)28(dppm)10] (CF3CO2)2 and [Ag262S100(St-Bu)62(dppb)6]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 43 (3): 305–309.
doi:
10.1002/anie.200352351.
PMID14705083.
^
P. Dutta and S. Gupta (eds.) (2006). Understanding of Nano Science and Technology (1 ed.). Global Vision Publishing House. p. 72.
ISBN81-8220-188-8. {{
cite book}}: |author= has generic name (
help)
^Alabd Alhafez, Iyad; Gao, Yu; M. Urbassek, Herbert (30 December 2016). "Nanocutting: A Comparative Molecular-Dynamics Study of Fcc, Bcc, and Hcp Metals". Current Nanoscience. 13 (1): 40–47.
Bibcode:
2016CNan...13...40A.
doi:
10.2174/1573413712666160530123834.
^Kaya, Savaş; Kaya, Cemal (May 2015). "A new method for calculation of molecular hardness: A theoretical study". Computational and Theoretical Chemistry. 1060: 66–70.
doi:
10.1016/j.comptc.2015.03.004.
External links
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