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NGC 1333
Reflection nebula
An infrared image of NGC 1333 by the Spitzer Space Telescope
Observation data: J2000.0 epoch
Right ascension03h 29m 11.3s [1]
Declination+31° 18′ 36″ [1]
Distance967  ly (296.5  pc) [1]  ly
Apparent magnitude (V)5.6
Apparent dimensions (V)6′ x 3′
Constellation Perseus
DesignationsCed 16, GN 03.26.1, LBN 741 [2]
See also: Lists of nebulae

NGC 1333 is a reflection nebula located in the northern constellation Perseus, positioned next to the southern constellation border with Taurus and Aries. [3] It was first discovered by German astronomer Eduard Schönfeld in 1855. [4] The nebula is visible as a hazy patch in a small telescope, while a larger aperture will show a pair of dark nebulae designated Barnard 1 and Barnard 2. [5] It is associated with a dark cloud L1450 (Barnard 205). Estimates of the distance to this nebula range from 980–1,140 ly (300–350 pc). [4]

This nebula is in the western part [4] of the Perseus molecular cloud and is a young region of very active star formation, [6] being one of the best-studied objects of its type. [4] It contains a fairly typical hierarchy of star clusters that are still embedded in the molecular cloud in which they formed, [7] which are split into two main sub-groups to the north and south. Most of the infrared emission is happening in the southern part of the nebula. A significant portion of the stars seen in the infrared are in the pre-main sequence stage of their evolution. [6]

The nebula region has a combined mass of approximately 450  M☉, [4] while the cluster contains around 150 stars with a median age of a million years and a combined mass of 100  M☉. The average star formation rate is 1×10−4 M☉ yr–1. [4] Within the nebula are 20 young stellar objects producing outflows, including Herbig–Haro objects, and a total of 95 X-ray sources that are associated with known members of embedded star clusters. [6] In 2011 researchers reported finding 30 to 40 brown dwarf objects in the cloud and in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex. [8]

15 objects with a spectral type of M9 or later were discovered in NGC 1333. This spectral type corresponds to a mass of a planetary-mass object (PMO) at the age of NGC 1333. About 42% of the PMO are surrounded by a circumstellar disk, but only one out of six objects with a spectral type of L0 (about 10 MJ) or later has a disk. Scholz et al. argues that this indicates that very low mass PMOs form like planets (aka ejected planets) and not like stars (also called sub-brown dwarfs). [9] Parker & Alves de Oliveira on the other hand argue that the distribution of PMOs in NGC 1333 follows N-body simulations of objects that form like stars and that none of the PMOs has a peculiar motion, which is predicted for ejected planets. They also note that ejected planets are hiding in this and star-forming regions. [10]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ a b c Soubiran, C.; et al. (November 2018). "Open cluster kinematics with Gaia DR2". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 619: 11. arXiv: 1808.01613. Bibcode: 2018A&A...619A.155S. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201834020. S2CID  125754189. A155.
  2. ^ "NGC 1333". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-08-15.
  3. ^ Sinnott, Roger W.; Perryman, Michael A. C. (1997). Millennium Star Atlas. Vol. 1. Sky Publishing Corporation and the European Space Agency. ISBN  0-933346-84-0.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Walawender, J.; et al. (December 2008). Reipurth, Bo (ed.). NGC 1333: A Nearby Burst of Star Formation (PDF). ASP Monograph Publications. Vol. 1. p. 346. Bibcode: 2008hsf1.book..346W. Retrieved 2020-08-15. {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help)
  5. ^ Inglis, Michael (2004). Astronomy of the Milky Way. Springer London. p. 167. ISBN  1-85233-709-5.
  6. ^ a b c Getman, Konstantin V.; et al. (August 2002). "Chandra Study of Young Stellar Objects in the NGC 1333 Star-forming Cloud". The Astrophysical Journal. 575 (1): 354–377. arXiv: astro-ph/0204252. Bibcode: 2002ApJ...575..354G. doi: 10.1086/341219. S2CID  15786877.
  7. ^ Schulz, Norbert S. (2005). From Dust To Stars. Praxis Publishing Limited. p. 213. ISBN  9783540237112.
  8. ^ "Rogue Failed Star Is One of Smallest Ever Seen". space.com. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  9. ^ Scholz, Aleks; Muzic, Koraljka; Jayawardhana, Ray; Almendros-Abad, Victor; Wilson, Isaac (2023-05-01). "Disks around Young Planetary-mass Objects: Ultradeep Spitzer Imaging of NGC 1333". The Astronomical Journal. 165 (5): 196. arXiv: 2303.12451. Bibcode: 2023AJ....165..196S. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/acc65d. ISSN  0004-6256.
  10. ^ Parker, Richard J.; Alves de Oliveira, Catarina (2023-10-01). "On the origin of planetary-mass objects in NGC 1333". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 525 (2): 1677–1686. arXiv: 2308.01335. Bibcode: 2023MNRAS.525.1677P. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stad2378. ISSN  0035-8711.
  11. ^ "Champions League". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  12. ^ "The smoking gun of a newborn star". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 31 December 2018.

External links

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