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NEO-MAPP ( Near-Earth-Object Modelling and Payloads for Protection) [1] is a project for studying planetary defence and asteroid exploration.

This project is focused on two main topics, that are: on one side, maturation of existing digital modelisation capacities of various process governing asteroids evolution (impact, dynamic, structural evolution) and its adaptation to specific use cases, and, on the other side, development of instruments, technologies and data exploitation models linked to it, in order to support space missions towards near-Earth-objects. [2] [3]

Presentation

The Horzon 2020 NEO-MAPP Project logo
The Horizon 2020 NEO-MAPP Project logo

The NEO-MAPP project, financed by the European Commission through its Horizon 2020 programme, is coordinated by the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and its coordinator Patrick Michel, from Lagrange Laboratory, who is also the Principal Investigator of ESA's Hera space mission, the reference mission of the project. [4] [5] [6]

The reference mission of the NEO-MAPP project is the Hera mission, currently under development under the Space Security programme at the European Space Agency (ESA), which will be launched on October, 2024 with aim to measure impact results of the NASA's DART mission on satellite Dimorphos, part of the double asteroid (65803) Didymos. [7]

Hera will also characterize the entire physical properties and composition of the double asteroid, including for the first time, internal properties. NEO-MAPP activities therefore accompany the Hera mission development, both in term of digital modellisation than in term of developing some instruments aboard the probe and analysis tools obtain by the mission. Most of the science team members of Hera mission are also members of NEO-MAPP. [8] [9] The main NEO-MAPP goal is to provide significant advances, both on understanding the response of asteroids to external forces (in particular to kinetic impact or to immediate approach of a planet), and in associated measures carried out by a space craft (including those necessary to physical and dynamical characterization in general).

Several communities are interested in asteroids for pour various reasons, from Science to planetary defence and even business objectives (for instance mining, resource extraction and exploitation). [10] Given the principle scientific and technological sharing, all these communities are seeking knowledge and means of asteroid property modelisations, as well as capacity to achieve operations at close proximity of a celestial small body and to obtain relevant measures. [11] Multidisciplinary approach at the heart of NEO-MAPP offers the possibility to accomplish significant advances on each of these aspects.

The most threatening asteroids with a trajectory crossing the Earth orbit – in terms of collisions frequency with Earth – are the smallest, the ones whose size is below 1 km. However, this is least humankind-known population, due to the fact that ground observations does not allow us to obtain measures of its physical properties at a required level of detail. [12]

Project Partners

The NEO-MAPP consortium consists of a grouping of European research institutes and of two space industries in Europe. Most of the consortium members have collaborated, under the auspices of the ESA, in exploration project of the solar system, have responsibilities within the science team of the Hera mission, and are involved in space missions towards small bodies of other pace agencies (for instance the NASA's or the JAXA's). Furthermore, some project partners were before that members of PF7 NEOShield and/or H2020 NEOShield-2 European programmes. [13] [14]

Here are the 15 partners of the project : [15]

The Horizon 2020 logo, the framework programme of the European Union.
The Horizon 2020 logo, the framework programme of the European Union.

Members of partner institutes contributing to work modules with a scientific vocation are renowned experts in impact process, in dynamic evolution of NEOs, and in modelisation of their physical properties, including their internal structures. This consortium includes partners having an extensive experience in developing relevant technologies and space missions systems. Public outreach to all these activities is supervised by a partner whose experience and efficiency has been proven through the increasing success of Asteroid Day, which they organise every year since its creation in 2015. Some partnership are overlapping in terms of research field and in competences, which ensures a good and necessary synergy between the various work modules. [18]

Advisory board

The NEO-MAPP project is led by a seven member-advisory board.

Dr. Brian May ( Queen band guitarist and co-founder of the Asteroid Day movement) assists the project on the outreach side toward general public by producing image pairs and stereoscopic films of the digital modelisations of the project, allowing them to be visualised in 3D. [19]

Ian Carnelli is the Hera mission manager at ESA, Dr. Michael Kueppers is the Hera mission ESA scientist, Dr. Aurélie Moussi is a small bodies mission CNES expert, Dr. Andy Cheng is one of the leader of NASA's DART mission at Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physic Laboratory (APL), Dr. Paul Abell is a small bodies expert representing NASA and Pr. Makoto Yoshikawa is JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission manager. [20]

Results

Information on Project NEO-MAPP
Information on Project NEO-MAPP

Results obtained by the project contribute to provide significant advances in our comprehension of NEOs while yielding profit and increasing progress in the expertise European scientists and engineers, both in terms of efforts dedicated to planetary defence and to small bodies exploration.

Therefore, project members participate in publishing of several articles in peer-reviewed journals among them Science, [21] Nature Astronomy, [22] Nature Communications, [23] Astronomy & Astrophysics [24] and Icarus. [25]

Public Outreach

The project has also given itself the objective to increase media coverage of scientific space research dedicated to planetary defence, public outreach (in particular among the youngest and science and engineering students) to impact risks and coverage of this global risk by the European scientific community, admittedly at low probability but factually at high consequence for Earth, by the combination of videos published on its website and by interventions in the medias. [26] [27]

References

  1. ^ "Asteroid Day Live". NEO MAPP. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  2. ^ "Abstract". NEO MAPP. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  3. ^ "The European Commission funded NEO-MAPP project in support of the ESA Hera mission: Near-Earth Object Modelling And Payload for Protection".
  4. ^ "Avancées technologiques pour la défense planétaire".
  5. ^ Levakis, Olympe. "H2020 Projects". Université Côte d'Azur. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  6. ^ "Comment dévier un astéroïde tueur ?". CNRS Le journal (in French). Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  7. ^ "Facts and figures". www.esa.int. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  8. ^ "Team". NEO MAPP. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  9. ^ "HERA Mission Team". Hera Mission. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  10. ^ "Exploiter les minerais des astéroïdes". LEFIGARO (in French). 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  11. ^ Decourt, Rémy. "Le Luxembourg en route vers l'exploitation minière des astéroïdes". Futura (in French). Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  12. ^ @NatGeoFrance (2021-10-25). "Cet astéroïde est l'un des plus susceptibles de frapper la Terre". National Geographic (in French). Retrieved 2022-02-25.
  13. ^ "NEOShield: A Global Approach to Near-Earth Object Impact Threat Mitigation" (PDF).
  14. ^ "NEOShield-2". Asteroid Day. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  15. ^ "Partners". NEO MAPP. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  16. ^ "NEO-MAPP - Mednight". Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  17. ^ "Research Projects - Horizon 2020 - University of Bologna". www.unibo.it. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  18. ^ "Consortium". NEO MAPP. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  19. ^ Imagerie stéréoscopique des astéroïdes avec Brian May, retrieved 2022-02-28
  20. ^ "Advisory Board". NEO MAPP. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  21. ^ Morota, T.; Sugita, S.; Cho, Y.; Kanamaru, M.; Tatsumi, E.; Sakatani, N.; Honda, R.; Hirata, N.; Kikuchi, H.; Yamada, M.; Yokota, Y. (2020-05-08). "Sample collection from asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2: Implications for surface evolution". Science. 368 (6491): 654–659. Bibcode: 2020Sci...368..654M. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz6306. PMID  32381723. S2CID  218552037.
  22. ^ Cheng, Bin; Yu, Yang; Asphaug, Erik; Michel, Patrick; Richardson, Derek C.; Hirabayashi, Masatoshi; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Baoyin, Hexi (February 2021). "Reconstructing the formation history of top-shaped asteroids from the surface boulder distribution". Nature Astronomy. 5 (2): 134–138. Bibcode: 2021NatAs...5..134C. doi: 10.1038/s41550-020-01226-7. ISSN  2397-3366. S2CID  228970821.
  23. ^ Michel, P.; Ballouz, R.-L.; Barnouin, O. S.; Jutzi, M.; Walsh, K. J.; May, B. H.; Manzoni, C.; Richardson, D. C.; Schwartz, S. R.; Sugita, S.; Watanabe, S. (2020-05-27). "Collisional formation of top-shaped asteroids and implications for the origins of Ryugu and Bennu". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 2655. Bibcode: 2020NatCo..11.2655M. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16433-z. ISSN  2041-1723. PMC  7253434. PMID  32461569. S2CID  218898879.
  24. ^ Michel, P.; Ballouz, R.-L.; Barnouin, O. S.; Jutzi, M.; Walsh, K. J.; May, B. H.; Manzoni, C.; Richardson, D. C.; Schwartz, S. R.; Sugita, S.; Watanabe, S. (2020-05-27). "Collisional formation of top-shaped asteroids and implications for the origins of Ryugu and Bennu". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 2655. Bibcode: 2020NatCo..11.2655M. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16433-z. ISSN  2041-1723. PMC  7253434. PMID  32461569. S2CID  218898879.
  25. ^ Zhang, Yun; Michel, Patrick; Richardson, Derek C.; Barnouin, Olivier S.; Agrusa, Harrison F.; Tsiganis, Kleomenis; Manzoni, Claudia; May, Brian H. (2021-07-01). "Creep stability of the DART/Hera mission target 65803 Didymos: II. The role of cohesion". Icarus. 362: 114433. Bibcode: 2021Icar..36214433Z. doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114433. ISSN  0019-1035. S2CID  233701042.
  26. ^ Planetary Defense Missions on Asteroid Day LIVE 2019, retrieved 2022-02-28
  27. ^ Protecting Earth from Asteroids Panel Discussion, retrieved 2022-02-28

Going Beyond

Bibliography

  • Michel, P., Cheng, A., Küppers, M., Pravec, P., Blum, J., Delbo, M., Green, S.F., Rosenblatt, R., Tsiganis, K., Vincent, J.B., Biele, J., Ciarletti, V., Hérique, A., Ulamec, S., Carnelli, I., Galvez, A., Benner, L., Naidu, S.P., Barnouin, O.S., Richardson, D.C., Rivkin, A., Scheirich, P., Moskovitz, N., Thirouin, A., Schwartz, S.R., Campo Bagatin, A., Yu, Y. 2016. Science case for the Asteroid Impact Mission (AIM): a component of the Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) Mission. Advances in Space Research 57, 2529–2547.
  • Michel, P., Kueppers, M., Sierks, H., Carnelli, I., Cheng, A.F., Mellab, K., Granvik, M., Kestilä, A., Kohout, T., Muinonen, K., Näsilä, A., Penttilä, A., Tikka, T., Tortora, P., Ciarletti, V., Hérique, A., Murdoch, N., Asphaug, E., Rivkin, A., Barnouin, O.S., Campo Bagatin, A., Pravec, P., Richardson, D.C., Schwartz, S.R., Tsiganis, K., Ulamec, S., Karatekin, O. 2018. European component of the AIDA mission to a binary asteroid: characterization and interpretation of the impact of the DART mission. Advances in Space Research 62, 2261–2272.
  • Mariella Graziano, Monica Lazzarin, Richard Moissl, P. Michel, M. Küppers, F. Topputo et Ö. Karatekin (26 avril 2021) « Session 1: Hera [archive] » (pdf) in 7th IAA Planetary Defense Conference : 57 p., Vienna, Austria: United Nations. — The mission detailed presentation (objectives, technical characteristics, procedure) at l'UNOOSA in 2021 (PowerPoint).
  • Michel, P., Küppers, M., Campo Bagatin, A., Carry, B., Charnoz,S., De Leon, J., Fitzsimmons, A., Gordo,P., Green, S.F., Hérique, A., Jutzi, M., Karatekin, Ö., Kohout, T., Lazzarin, M., Murdoch, N., Okada, T., Palomba, E., Pravec, P., Snodgrass, C., Tortora, P., Tsiganis, K., Ulamec, S., Vincent, J.-B., Wünnemann, K., Zhang, Y., Raducan, S. D., Dotto, E., Chabot, N., Cheng, A. F., Rivkin, A., Barnouin, O., Ernst, C., Stickle,A., Richardson, D. C., Thomas, C., Arakawa, M., Miyamoto, H., Nakamura, A., Sugita, S., Yoshikawa, M., Abell, P., Asphaug, E., Ballouz, R.-L., Bottke, Jr., W. F., Lauretta, D. S., Walsh, K. J., Martino, P. and Carnelli, I. 2022. The ESA Hera Mission: Detailed Characterization of the DART Impact Outcome and of the Binary Asteroid (65803) Didymos. The Planetary Science Journal, Volume 3, Number 7 (on open access).
  • Asteroid IV.

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