From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1994 human spaceflight selection of 23 candidates; "The Flying Escargot"
The Flying Escargot
The astronauts of Group 15
Year selected 1994 Number selected 23
NASA Astronaut Group 15 ("The Flying Escargot") was a group of 23
NASA astronauts announced on December 8, 1994.
[1]
[2] Group members adopted The Flying Escargot as their moniker, in reference to two members of the group being from
France .
[3] The group featured ten
pilots , nine
mission specialists , and four international mission specialist trainees from France,
[4]
[5]
[6] Canada
[7] and Japan.
[7]
Three members of this group,
Rick Husband ,
Michael P. Anderson , and
Kalpana Chawla , died in the
Space Shuttle Columbia disaster .
[8] These three received the
Congressional Space Medal of Honor .
[9]
[10]
[11]
Another member of the group
Pamela Melroy , currently serves as
Deputy Administrator of NASA , taking office on June 21, 2021, having been appointed by US President
Joe Biden .
[12]
Pilots
Mission Specialists
International mission specialists
References
^
Hess, Mark ;
Campion, Ed ;
Herring, Kyle (8 December 1994).
"1995 Astronaut Candidates Selected" (TXT) . NASA News .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021 .
^
"NASA Names 19 New Astronaut Candidates" .
The Tyler Courier-Times .
Houston, Texas .
Associated Press . 9 December 1994.
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 – via
Newspapers.com .
^
"T-shirt, Class of '95, Shuttle (Melroy)" .
National Air and Space Museum .
Washington, D.C. :
Smithsonian Institution .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Herring, Kyle (1 March 1995).
"95-016: Veteran French Astronauts Lend Expertise to Training" . Johnson News .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Rahn, Debbie ;
Buckingham, Bruce ;
Herring, Kyle (12 September 1997).
"97-199: Atlantis' Sveneth Mission to Mir Set for Sept. 25" (TXT) . NASA News .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021 .
^
McCarter, Jennifer ;
Hawley, Eileen M. (13 November 1997).
"H97-263: Tognini Named to STS-93 Crew" (TXT) . NASA News .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021 .
^
a
b
c
d
Rahn, Debbie ;
Herring, Kyle (13 January 1995).
"95-003: Two International Candidates to Join 1995 Astronaut Class" (TXT) . NASA News .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021 .
^ Howell, Jefferson D. Jr. (2 February 2003).
"J03-07: Statement From JSC Director, Lt. Gen. Jefferson D. Howell, Jr" . Johnson News .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2004).
"Rick Douglas Husband" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2004).
"Michael P. Anderson" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2004).
"Kalpana Chawla, Ph.D." (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
"President Biden nominates former astronaut Pamela Melroy for NASA deputy administrator" .
Space.com . 16 April 2021.
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (September 2010).
"Scott D. Altman" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b
c Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-90" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010).
"STS-106" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (16 February 2010).
"STS-109" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021 .
^ Kauderer, Amiko (30 September 2009).
"STS-125" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (January 2018).
"Jeffrey S. Ashby" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-93" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010).
"STS-100" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021 .
^
a
b
c
d
e Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010).
"STS-104" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (September 2007).
"Michael J. Bloomfield" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b Ryba, Jeanne (26 October 2010).
"STS-86" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^
a
b Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010).
"STS-97" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (16 February 2010).
"STS-110" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2002).
"Joe Frank Edwards, Jr" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b
c Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-89" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (June 2010).
"Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-91" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^
a
b Ryba, Jeanne (12 February 2010).
"STS-99" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010).
"STS-108" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021 .
^
a
b Nevills, Amiko (8 April 2008).
"STS-125" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-96" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021 .
^
a
b
c Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-107" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (July 2011).
"Steven W. Lindsey" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b
c Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-87" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021 .
^
a
b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-95" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^
"STS-121" . Mission Archives .
NASA . 2 April 2008.
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^ Kauderer, Amiko (15 March 2011).
"STS-133" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (April 2013).
"Pamela Ann Melroy" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010).
"STS-92" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-112" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^ Jeanne, Ryba (2 April 2008).
"STS-120" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (June 2005).
"Susan Kilrain" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-83" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-94" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (April 2013).
"Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (10 February 2011).
"STS-88" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-105" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^
a
b
"STS-117" . Mission Archives .
NASA . 2 April 2008.
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^ Kauderer, Amiko (23 September 2009).
"STS-128" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (December 2007).
"Robert L. Curbeam, Jr" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-85" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (15 February 2010).
"STS-98" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^
"STS-116" . Mission Archives .
NASA . 2 April 2008.
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (March 2010).
"Kathryn P. Hire" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b Kauderer, Amiko (1 March 2010).
"STS-130" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (October 2019).
"Janet Lynn Kavandi, Ph.D." (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (August 2007).
"Edward Tsang Lu, Ph.D." (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
a
b Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-84" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^
a
b
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center ; Petty, John Ira (25 April 2003).
"International Space Station Status Report #03-18" . Johnson News .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (August 2011).
"Carlos I. Noriega" (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (May 2008).
"James F. Reilly, II, Ph.D." (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (July 2012).
"Stephen K. Robinson, Ph.D." (PDF) . Biographical Data .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^ Ryba, Jeanne (23 November 2007).
"STS-114" . Mission Archives .
NASA .
Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 7 May 2021 .
^
a
b
c
Portree, David S. (March 1995).
"Mir Hardware Heritage" (PDF) . NTRS - NASA Technical Reports Server .
Houston, Texas :
NASA .
Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
"Takao Doi, Ph.D." Biographies .
JAXA . 2 May 2016.
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
"Biography of Dr. Dafydd (Dave) Rhys Williams" . Astronauts .
Canadian Space Agency . 1 March 2008.
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
^
"STS-118" . Mission Archives .
NASA . 2 April 2008.
Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021 .
External links
Pilots and commanders Mission specialists International mission specialists