A mujaddid (
Arabic: مجدد), is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" (تجديد, tajdid) to the religion.[1][2] According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every
century of the
Islamic calendar to
revitalizeIslam, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity. In contemporary times, a mujaddid is looked upon as the greatest Muslim of a century.[3]
Allah will raise for this community at the end of every 100 years the one who will renovate its religion for it.
—
Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim [Battles], Hadith Number 4278[5]
Ikhtilaf (disagreements) exist among different hadith viewers. Scholars such as
Al-Dhahabi and
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani have interpreted that the term mujaddid can also be understood as plural, thus referring to a group of people.[6][7]
Mujaddids can include prominent scholars, pious rulers and military commanders.[2]
While there is no formal mechanism for designating a mujaddid in
Sunni Islam, there is often a popular consensus. The
Shia and
Ahmadiyya[13][page needed][14] have their own list of mujaddids.[2]
First century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)
^
abHassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought, p. 172. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'.
Hoboken:
Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.
ISBN978-1-4051-7848-8
^Mohammed M. I. Ghaly, "Writings on Disability in Islam: The 16th Century Polemic on Ibn Fahd's "al-Nukat al-Ziraf"," The Arab Studies Journal, Vol. 13/14, No. 2/1 (Fall 2005/Spring 2006), p. 26, note 98
^
abJosef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678.
ISBN0415966906
^Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj: Volume 1. p. 403.
^
abcThe Legal Thought of Jalāl Al-Din Al-Suyūṭī: Authority and Legacy, Page 133 Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez
^
abMuhsin J. al-Musawi (15 April 2015). Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters, The: Arabic Knowledge Construction. University of Notre Dame Press, Chapter 6 'Disputation in Rhetoric' citation #28.
ISBN978-0268020446.
ISBN978-0268020446
^Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought, p. 214. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'.
Hoboken:
Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.
ISBN978-1-4051-7848-8
^
abAzra, Azyumardi (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series.
University of Hawaii Press. p. 18.
ISBN9780824828486.
^Muslims and India's freedom movement, Shan Muhammad, Institute of Objective Studies (New Delhi, India), Institute of Objective Studies and the University of Michigan, 2002;
ISBN9788185220581
^Senegal Society and Culture Report. Petaluma, CA: World Trade Press. 2010. (2014).
The Mourides of Senegal. World Trade Press.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link)
^Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background. Oxford University Press. p. 107.
ISBN965-264-014-X.
^Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is the founder of the
Ahmadiyya sect. The
Sunni-Shia mainstream and the majority of Muslims reject the Ahmadiyya sect as it believes in non-law bearing prophethood after Muhammad.
^"Ahmadis - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from
the original on July 23, 2010. Retrieved 2018-09-03. Controversial messianic movement founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, Punjab (British-controlled India), in 1889. Founder claimed to be a "nonlegislating" prophet (thus not in opposition to the mainstream belief in the finality of Muhammad's "legislative" prophecy) with a divine mandate for the revival and renewal of Islam.
Further reading
Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15.
Friedmann, Yohanan. Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity. Oxford India Paperbacks