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Superfamily of crustaceans
Hippoidea is a
superfamily of
decapod
crustaceans known as mole crabs or sand crabs.
[1]
[2]
[3]
Ecology
Hippoids are
adapted to burrowing into
sandy
beaches , a habit they share with
raninid crabs, and the
parallel evolution of the two groups is striking.
[4] In the family
Hippidae , the body is almost
ovoid , the first
pereiopods have no
claws , and the
telson is long, none of which are seen in related groups.
[5] Unlike most other
decapods , sand crabs cannot
walk ; instead, they use their
legs to dig into the sand.
[6] Members of the family
Hippidae beat their
uropods to swim.
[6]
Apart from the
polar regions , hippoids can be found on beaches throughout the world. Larvae of one species have also been found in
Antarctic waters , despite the lack of suitable sandy beaches in the Antarctic.
[7]
Classification
Alongside
hermit crabs and allies (Paguroidea),
squat lobsters and allies (
Galatheoidea ) and the
hairy stone crab (Lomis hirta , Lomisoidea), Hippoidea is one of the four groups that make up the infraorder
Anomura .
[8] Of the four, Hippoidea is thought to be the most
basal , with the other three groups being more closely related to each other than to Hippoidea.
[9]
The
fossil record of sand crabs is sparse,
[10] but extends back to the
Cretaceous period.
[4] Sand crabs are placed in three families (exclusively fossil taxa are marked †):
[11]
[12]
Albuneidae Stimpson, 1858
Albunea Weber, 1795
Austrolepidopa Efford & Haig, 1968
Harryhausenia Boyko, 2004 †
Italialbunea Boyko, 2002 †
Lepidopa Stimpson, 1858
Leucolepidopa Efford, 1969
Paralbunea Serène, 1977
Paraleucolepidopa Calado, 1996
Praealbunea Fraaije, 2002 †
Squillalbunea Boyko, 2002
Stemonopa Efford & Haig, 1968
Zygopa Holthuis, 1961
Blepharipodidae Boyko, 2002
Hippidae Latreille, 1825
References
^ Sunil Israel; T. Senthil Murugan; V. P. Venugopalan; T. Subramoniam; N. Munuswamy; G. van der Velde (2006). "Larval development in the sand crab, Emerita emeritus (L., 1767) (Anomura, Hippoidea) reared in the laboratory".
Crustaceana . 79 (4): 441–458.
doi :
10.1163/156854006777554857 .
^
Sand Fleas (Mole Crabs or Sand Crabs) Prime surf fishing bait
^
http://www.baymoon.com/~ilga/crabs/ All About Mole Crabs
^
a
b René H. B. Fraaije.
"The first record of albuneid crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the Cretaceous" (PDF) .
Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum . 29 : 69–72.
^ J. Maxwell; D. Cowles; H. Helmstetler (2006).
"Key to Infraorder Anomura" .
Walla Walla University . Archived from
the original on September 30, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2009 .
^
a
b Zen Faulkes; Dorothy H. Paul (February 1, 1997).
"Digging in sand crabs (Decapoda, Anomura, Hippoidea): interleg coordination" .
Journal of Experimental Biology . 200 (4): 793–805.
doi :
10.1242/jeb.200.4.793 .
PMID
9318562 .
^ Sven Thatje; Veronica Fuentes (2003).
"First record of anomuran and brachyuran larvae (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Antarctic waters" (PDF) .
Polar Biology . 26 (4): 279–282.
Bibcode :
2003PoBio..26..279T .
doi :
10.1007/s00300-002-0476-6 .
S2CID
19299892 .
^ Joel W. Martin; George E. Davis (2001).
An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF) .
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County . p. 132.
^ Marcos Pérez-Losada; Carlos G. Jara; Georgina Bond-Buckup; Megan L. Porter;
Keith A. Crandall (2002).
"Phylogenetic position of the freshwater anomuran family Aeglidae" (PDF) .
Journal of Crustacean Biology . 22 (3): 670–676.
doi :
10.1651/0278-0372(2002)022[0670:PPOTFA]2.0.CO;2 .
S2CID
53621613 . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2008-10-31. Retrieved 2007-09-01 .
^ Christopher B. Boyko (2004).
"A new genus of fossil sand crab (Anomura: Albuneidae) from the Oligocene of Italy" .
Palaeontology . 47 (4): 933–936.
Bibcode :
2004Palgy..47..933B .
doi :
10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00391.x .
^ Christopher B. Boyko (2002).
"A worldwide revision of the Recent and fossil sand crabs of the Albuneidae Stimpson and Blepharipodidae, new family (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Hippoidea)" (PDF) .
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . 272 : 1–396.
doi :
10.1206/0003-0090(2002)272<0001:AWROTR>2.0.CO;2 . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2007-07-05. Retrieved 2007-09-01 .
^ Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009).
"A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF) .
Raffles Bulletin of Zoology . Suppl. 21: 1–109. Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
External links