From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Abnormally small chin
Microgenia is the
medical term for an unusually small or deformed
chin .
[1]
The contrasting condition, an enlarged chin, is called "macrogenia".
[2]
[3]
[4]
There are seven different chin deformities:
Class I: Macrogenia (chin excess)
Class II: Microgenia (chin deficiency)
Class III: Combined excesses and deficiencies
Class IV: Assymmetric deformity
Class V: Witch's chin
Class VI: Pseudomacrogenia
Class VII: Pseudoretrogenia
Class II microgenia is the most commonly encountered chin deformity, followed by class II macrogenia.
[5]
Causes
Can occur in anyone, but is often a sign of
Down syndrome .
[6]
[7]
[8]
References
^
"microchinia - Definition from Merriam Webster's Medical Dictionary" . Retrieved 2009-07-22 .
^ Hohl TH, Epker BN (May 1976). "Macrogenia: a study of treatment results, with surgical recommendations". Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol . 41 (5): 545–67.
doi :
10.1016/0030-4220(76)90307-8 .
PMID
1063958 .
^ Guyuron B, Michelow BJ, Willis L (1995). "Practical classification of chin deformities". Aesthetic Plast Surg . 19 (3): 257–64.
doi :
10.1007/BF00451101 .
PMID
7668174 .
S2CID
25623758 .
^ Zide BM, Warren SM, Spector JA (August 2007). "Chin surgery IV: the large chin--key parameters for successful chin reduction". Plast. Reconstr. Surg . 120 (2): 530–7.
doi :
10.1097/01.prs.0000267636.25672.81 .
PMID
17632360 .
S2CID
22341339 .
^ Thorne, Charles H.; Sinno, Sammy (2019-04-23).
Operative Techniques in Facial Aesthetic Surgery . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
ISBN
978-1-4963-5043-5 .
^ Myron Belfer, M.D. (1980).
"Facial Plastic Surgery in Children with Down's Syndrome (preview page, with link to full content on plasreconsurg.com)" . Book by Gottfried Lemperie, M.D., and Dorin Radu, M.D. p. 343. Retrieved 2009-07-22 .
^ Warren E. Morgan, M.D. (1992-05-28).
"Macroglossia" . Archived from
the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved 2009-07-22 . Microchinia mentioned among other characteristics of Down's Syndrome about halfway down the page.
^ Meira Weiss (1994).
Conditional love: parents' attitudes toward handicapped children . Bloomsbury Academic. p. 94.
ISBN
9780897893244 . Retrieved 2009-07-22 .