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Nuclides with atomic number of 101 but with different mass numbers
Mendelevium (101 Md) is a
synthetic element , and thus a
standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no
stable isotopes . The first
isotope to be synthesized was 256 Md (which was also the first isotope of any element produced one
atom at a time) in 1955. There are 17 known
radioisotopes , ranging in
atomic mass from 244 Md to 260 Md, and 5
isomers . The longest-lived isotope is 258 Md with a
half-life of 51.3 days, and the longest-lived isomer is 258m Md with a half-life of 57 minutes.
List of isotopes
Nuclide
[n 1]
Z
N
Isotopic mass (
Da )
[n 2]
[n 3]
Half-life
Decay mode
[n 4]
Daughter isotope
Spin and
parity
[n 5]
[n 6]
Excitation energy
[n 6]
244 Md
[2]
101
143
0.30+0.19 −0.09 s
α
240 Es
245 Md
[2]
101
144
245.08081(33)#
0.33+0.15 −0.08 s
α
241 Es
7/2−#
β+ (rare)
245 Fm
245m Md
200(100)# keV
0.90(25) ms
SF
(various)
1/2−#
246 Md
[3]
101
145
246.08171(28)#
0.9(2) s
α
242 Es
β+ ?
246 Fm
246m Md
4.4(8) s
β+ (>67%)
246 Fm
α (<23%)
242 Es
β+ , SF (>10%)
(various)
247 Md
[4]
101
146
247.08152(22)#
1.20(12) s
α (99.14%)
243 Es
(7/2−)
SF (0.86%)
(various)
β+ ?
247 Fm
247m Md
153 keV
0.23(3) s
α (80%)
243 Es
(1/2−)
SF (20%)
(various)
248 Md
101
147
248.08282(26)#
7(3) s
β+ (80%)
248 Fm
α (20%)
244 Es
β+ , SF (.05%)
(various)
249 Md
[5]
101
148
249.08291(22)#
26(1) s
α (75%)
245 Es
(7/2−)
β+ (25%)
249 Fm
249m Md
[6]
100(100)# keV
1.5+1.2 −0.5 s
α
245 Es
(1/2−)
250 Md
[7]
101
149
250.08442(32)#
54(4) s
β+ (93.0%)
250 Fm
α (7.0%)
246 Es
β+ , SF (0.026%)
(various)
251 Md
[8]
101
150
251.084774(20)
4.27(26) min
β+ (90%)
251 Fm
(7/2−)
α (10%)
247 Es
252 Md
101
151
252.08643(14)#
2.3(8) min
β+
252 Fm
α (rare)
[9]
248 Es
253 Md
101
152
253.08714(3)#
12(8) min 6.4+11.6 −3.6 min ]
β+ (~99%)
[10]
253 Fm
(7/2−)
α (~1%)
249 Es
254 Md
101
153
254.08959(11)#
10(3) min
β+
254 Fm
(0−)
α (rare)
250 Es
254m Md
50(100)# keV
28(8) min
β+
254 Fm
(3−)
α (rare)
250 Es
255 Md
101
154
255.091084(7)
27(2) min
β+ (92%)
255 Fm
(7/2−)
α (8%)
251 Es
SF (.15%)
(various)
256 Md
101
155
256.09389(13)#
77(2) min
β+ (89%)
256 Fm
(1−)
α (11%)
252 Es
257 Md
101
156
257.0955424(29)
5.52(5) h
EC (84.8%)
257 Fm
(7/2−)
α (15.2%)
253 Es
SF (rare)
(various)
258 Md
[11]
101
157
258.098431(5)
51.59(29) d
α
254 Es
(8−)#
β− (<0.0015%)
258 No
β+ (<0.0015%)
258 Fm
258m Md
0(200)# keV
57.0(9) min
EC
258 Fm
1−#
SF (<15%)
(various)
α (<1.2%)
254 Es
β− (rare)
258 No
259 Md
[n 7]
[12]
101
158
259.10051(22)#
1.60(6) h
SF
(various)
7/2−#
α (rare)
255 Es
260 Md
[13]
101
159
260.10365(34)#
27.8(8) d
SF
(various)
α (<5%)
256 Es
EC (<5%)
260 Fm
β− (<3.5%)
260 No
This table header & footer:
^ m Md – Excited
nuclear isomer .
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^
Modes of decay:
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^
a
b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Not directly synthesized, occurs as decay product of 259 No
Chronology of isotope discovery
Isotope
Discovered
Reaction
244 Md
2020
209 Bi(40 Ar,5n)
245 Md
1996
209 Bi(40 Ar,4n)
246 Md
1996
209 Bi(40 Ar,3n)
247 Md
1981
209 Bi(40 Ar,2n)
248 Md
1973
241 Am(12 C,5n)
249 Md
1973
241 Am(12 C,4n)
250 Md
1973
243 Am(12 C,5n), 243 Am(13 C,6n)
251 Md
1973
243 Am(12 C,4n), 243 Am(13 C,5n)
252 Md
1973
243 Am(13 C,4n)
253 Md
1992
243 Am(13 C,3n)
254 Md
1970
253 Es(α,3n)
255 Md
1958
253 Es(α,2n)
256 Md
1955
253 Es(α,n)
257 Md
1964
252 Cf(11 B,α2n)
258 Md
1970
255 Es(α,n)
259 Md
1982
248 Cm(18 O,α3n)
[14]
260 Md
1989
254 Es+18 O, 22 Ne — transfer
References
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021).
"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001.
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10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
^
a
b Khuyagbaatar, J.; Albers, H. M.; Block, M.; Brand, H.; Cantemir, R. A.; Di Nitto, A.; Düllmann, Ch. E.; Götz, M.; Götz, S.; Heßberger, F. P.; Jäger, E.; Kindler, B.; Kratz, J. V.; Krier, J.; Kurz, N.; Lommel, B.; Lens, L.; Mistry, A.; Schausten, B.; Uusitalo, J.; Yakushev, A. (1 October 2020).
"Search for Electron-Capture Delayed Fission in the New Isotope 244 Md" . Physical Review Letters . 125 (14): 142504.
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2020PhRvL.125n2504K .
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PMID
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^ Antalic, S.; Heßberger, F. P.; Hofmann, S.; Ackermann, D.; Heinz, S.; Kindler, B.; Kojouharov, I.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Leino, M.; Lommel, B.; Mann, R.; Šáro, Š. (20 November 2009). "Studies of neutron-deficient mendelevium isotopes at SHIP". The European Physical Journal A . 43 (1): 35.
doi :
10.1140/epja/i2009-10896-0 .
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1434-601X .
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^ Heßberger, F. P.; Antalic, S.; Giacoppo, F.; Andel, B.; Ackermann, D.; Block, M.; Heinz, S.; Khuyagbaatar, J.; Kojouharov, I.; Venhart, M. (25 January 2022).
"Alpha-gamma decay studies of 247 Md" . The European Physical Journal A . 58 (1): 11.
Bibcode :
2022EPJA...58...11H .
doi :
10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00663-4 .
ISSN
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S2CID
246281669 .
^ Briselet, R.; Theisen, Ch.; Vandebrouck, M.; Marchix, A.; Airiau, M.; Auranen, K.; Badran, H.; Boilley, D.; Calverley, T.; Cox, D.; Déchery, F.; Defranchi Bisso, F.; Drouart, A.; Gall, B.; Goigoux, T.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Hauschild, K.; Herzan, A.; Herzberg, R. D.; Jakobsson, U.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Konki, J.; Leino, M.; Lightfoot, A.; Lopez-Martens, A.; Mistry, A.; Nieminen, P.; Pakarinen, J.; Papadakis, P.; Partanen, J.; Peura, P.; Rahkila, P.; Rubert, J.; Ruotsalainen, P.; Sandzelius, M.; Saren, J.; Scholey, C.; Sorri, J.; Stolze, S.; Sulignano, B.; Uusitalo, J.; Ward, A.; Zielińska, M. (14 February 2019).
"Production cross section and decay study of $^{243}\mathrm{Es}$ and $^{249}\mathrm{Md}$" . Physical Review C . 99 (2): 024614.
arXiv :
1809.10400 .
doi :
10.1103/PhysRevC.99.024614 .
S2CID
119533032 .
^ Heßberger, F.P.; Hofmann, S.; Ackermann, D.; Ninov, V.; Leino, M.; Münzenberg, G.; Saro, S.; Lavrentev, A.; Popeko, A.G.; Yeremin, A.V.; Stodel, Ch. (1 September 2001).
"Decay properties of neutron-deficient isotopes 256, 257Db, 255Rf, 252, 253Lr" . The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei . 12 (1): 57–67.
Bibcode :
2001EPJA...12...57H .
doi :
10.1007/s100500170039 .
ISSN
1434-601X .
S2CID
117896888 . Retrieved 1 July 2023 .
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021).
"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *" . Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics . 45 (3): 030001.
Bibcode :
2021ChPhC..45c0001K .
doi :
10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
ISSN
1674-1137 .
OSTI
1774641 .
S2CID
233794940 .
^ Chatillon, A.; Theisen, Ch.; Greenlees, P. T.; Auger, G.; Bastin, J. E.; Bouchez, E.; Bouriquet, B.; Casandjian, J. M.; Cee, R.; Clément, E.; Dayras, R.; de France, G.; de Toureil, R.; Eeckhaudt, S.; Görgen, A.; Grahn, T.; Grévy, S.; Hauschild, K.; Herzberg, R. -D.; Ikin, P. J. C.; Jones, G. D.; Jones, P.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Kettunen, H.; Korichi, A.; Korten, W.; Le Coz, Y.; Leino, M.; Lopez-Martens, A.; Lukyanov, S. M.; Penionzhkevich, Yu. E.; Perkowski, J.; Pritchard, A.; Rahkila, P.; Rejmund, M.; Saren, J.; Scholey, C.; Siem, S.; Saint-Laurent, M. G.; Simenel, C.; Sobolev, Yu. G.; Stodel, Ch.; Uusitalo, J.; Villari, A.; Bender, M.; Bonche, P.; Heenen, P. -H. (1 November 2006).
"Spectroscopy and single-particle structure of the odd- Z heavy elements 255Lr, 251Md and 247Es" . The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei . 30 (2): 397–411.
Bibcode :
2006EPJA...30..397C .
doi :
10.1140/epja/i2006-10134-5 .
ISSN
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S2CID
123346991 . Retrieved 1 July 2023 .
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021).
"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *" . Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics . 45 (3): 030001.
Bibcode :
2021ChPhC..45c0001K .
doi :
10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
ISSN
1674-1137 .
OSTI
1774641 .
S2CID
233794940 .
^ Antalic, S.; Heßberger, F. P.; Ackermann, D.; Heinz, S.; Hofmann, S.; Kalaninová, Z.; Kindler, B.; Khuyagbaatar, J.; Kojouharov, I.; Kuusiniemi, P.; Leino, M.; Lommel, B.; Mann, R.; Nishio, K.; Šáro, Š.; Streicher, B.; Sulignano, B.; Venhart, M. (20 May 2011). "Isomeric states in 253 No and 253 Fm". The European Physical Journal A . 47 (5): 62.
Bibcode :
2011EPJA...47...62A .
doi :
10.1140/epja/i2011-11062-y .
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^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021).
"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *" . Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics . 45 (3): 030001.
Bibcode :
2021ChPhC..45c0001K .
doi :
10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
ISSN
1674-1137 .
OSTI
1774641 .
S2CID
233794940 .
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021).
"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *" . Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics . 45 (3): 030001.
Bibcode :
2021ChPhC..45c0001K .
doi :
10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
ISSN
1674-1137 .
OSTI
1774641 .
S2CID
233794940 .
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (1 March 2021).
"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties *" . Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics . 45 (3): 030001.
Bibcode :
2021ChPhC..45c0001K .
doi :
10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
ISSN
1674-1137 .
OSTI
1774641 .
S2CID
233794940 .
^ see
nobelium
Isotope masses from:
M. Wang; G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; F. G. Kondev; M. MacCormick; X. Xu; et al. (2012).
"The AME2012 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 36 (12): 1603–2014.
Bibcode :
2012ChPhC..36....3M .
doi :
10.1088/1674-1137/36/12/003 .
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Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),
"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" , Nuclear Physics A , 729 : 3–128,
Bibcode :
2003NuPhA.729....3A ,
doi :
10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),
"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" , Nuclear Physics A , 729 : 3–128,
Bibcode :
2003NuPhA.729....3A ,
doi :
10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
National Nuclear Data Center .
"NuDat 2.x database" .
Brookhaven National Laboratory .
Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).
Boca Raton, Florida :
CRC Press .
ISBN
978-0-8493-0485-9 .
M. Thoennessen (2012). "Discovery of Isotopes of Elements with Z≥100". Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables . 99 (3): 312–344.
arXiv :
1203.2105 .
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2013ADNDT..99..312T .
doi :
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94982856 .
Group
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Period
Hydrogen and alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Pnictogens
Chalcogens
Halogens
Noble gases
①
1
2
②
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
③
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
④
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
⑤
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
⑥
55
56
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
⑦
87
88
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
⑧
119
120
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102