Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic National Historic Site
Designated
1924
Meductic Indian Village / Fort Meductic (also known as Medoctec, Mehtawtik meaning "the end of the path") was a
Maliseet settlement until the mid-eighteenth century. It was located near the confluence of the Eel River and
Saint John River in
New Brunswick, four miles upriver from present-day
Lakeland Ridges.[2] The fortified village of Meductic was the principal settlement of the
Maliseet First Nation from before the 17th century until the middle of the 18th, and it was an important
fur trading centre. (The other two significant native villages in the region were the Abenaki village of
Norridgewock (present-day
Madison, Maine) on the
Kennebec River and Penobscot (present-day
Penobscot Indian Island Reservation) on the Penobscot River. Only during
King George's War, after the French established Saint Anne (present-day Fredericton, New Brunswick), did the village
Aukpaque, present-day
Springhill, New Brunswick, become of equal importance to Meductic).[3]
The village contained Fort Meductic, which the Maliseet had built before the arrival of the French to defend against
Mohawk attacks.[4] The Mohawk were one of the
Five Nations of the
Iroquois Confederacy, based in present-day New York, south of the St. Lawrence River and generally west of the Hudson River. This is reported to have been the first Fort in Acadia.[5]
Father
Joseph Aubery re-established the mission in 1701. During the lead up to
Father Rale's War, to secure the French influence on the village, Priest
Jean-Baptiste Loyard built the chapel Saint Jean Baptiste (1717).[6] (The bell was given by King Louis XV.) [7] Similarly, the French claimed territory on the Kennebec River by building a church in the Abenaki village of
Norridgewock.[8][9]
The Meductic village and fort location is a
National Historic Site. A federal plaque from the Historic Sites and Monuments Board was placed on a cairn on Fort Meductic Road, near the site. [As of April 2020, the plaque was missing from the cairn.] Official recognition refers to the polygon around the archaeological remains.[10]
Related to the site, the Meductic-Eel River Portage was designated a National Historic Event in 1943. It was part of the route between Acadia and New England, and used by France on expeditions against the English.[11]
^Latin inscription: "To God, most excellent, most high, in honor of Saint John Baptist, the Maliseet erected this church A. D. 1717, while Jean Loyard, a priest of the Society of Jesus, was procurator of the mission." (See Raymond, P.9)
^The village, dating from before the 17th century, was situated on a plateau west of the Saint John River. In 1968 the government acquired the Meductic site for the
Mactaquac Dam, which flooded much of the Saint John River valley, including Meductic.
^Binasco, Matteo. The Role and Activities of the Capuchin, Jesuit and Recollet Missionaries in Acadia/Nova Scotia from 1654 to 1755. Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS. 2004. Note: Father Loyard was born at
Pau in 1678 (dept. of
Pyrénées-Atlantique). He was ordained a Jesuit priest (Societe of Jesus) and served in Acadia from 1709 until his death in 1731.
Matteo Binasco. "Few, Uncooperative, and Endangered: The Troubled Activity of the Roman Catholic Missionaries in Acadia (1610-1710)", in Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society, Journal, vol.10 (2007), pp. 147–162.