The city gave its name to the early
Bronze AgeMaykop culture after the discovery of a royal burial site there in 1897.[11]
Following the establishment of a military camp in 1825,[12] the
Imperial Russian Army built a military fort at Maykop in 1857.[13]
In 1910
oil deposits were discovered in the vicinity of Maykop.[14] The city was the administrative center of the
Maykopsky Otdel of the
Kuban Oblast.
In 1936, Maykop and the surrounding region merged with
Adyghe Autonomous Oblast and became the
administrative centre of the autonomy. The
Wehrmacht occupied Maykop on 10 August 1942 without a fight as a result of a
Brandenburgercommando operation. German attempts to re-start oil production in the scorched-earth area proved only minimally successful. On 29 January 1943, the
Transcaucasian Front of the
Red Army re-took the town.[15]
Since 1991 Maykop has served as the capital of the Republic of Adygea in the
Russian Federation.
Economy
The discovery of extensive underground oil reserves has made Maykop a major centre for oil extraction for the
Soviet Union and, subsequently,
Russia. Other economically important sectors are food processing and the timber industry.
Maykop is home to the
Adyghe State University and
Maykop State Technological University. There are also several facilities of professional education in Maykop.
There are a lot of schools. For example, Adyghe Republican Gymnasium which is located near the mosque, the theatre and the park of friendship. It has 11 grades. There are a lot of rules: students must wear a uniform, girls must have pony tails or braids. The school has five buildings. There is a sports hall where students play basketball and volleyball. There is also a football pitch where boys play football. A canteen is a separate building.
^James B. Minahan (May 30, 2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z. ABC-CLIO. p. 38.
ISBN9780313076961.
^Garvin, James Louis, ed. (1926).
"Petroleum". The Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (13 ed.). The Encyclopædia Britannica Company, ltd. Retrieved September 11, 2019. The Maikop field in the province of Kuban on the north flank of the Caucasus, northeast of the Black Sea, was discovered in 1910.
Государственный Совет — Хасэ Республики Адыгея. Закон №171 от 5 мая 2000 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Адыгея», в ред. Закона №97 от 6 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Республики Адыгея в связи с принятием Закона Республики Адыгея "Об отнесении посёлка городского типа Тульского к категории посёлков — сельских населённых пунктов"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Советская Адыгея", №156-157, 7 августа 2004 г. (
State Assembly of the Republic of Adygea. Law #171 of May 5, 2000 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Adygea, as amended by the Law #97 of June 6, 2012 On Amending Various Laws of the Republic of Adygea Due to the Adoption of the Law of the Republic of Adygea "On Transformation of the Urban-Type Settlement of Tulsky into a Settlement—a Rural Locality. Effective as of the official publication date.).
Совет Республики Адыгея. Закон №223 от 24 мая 2004 г. «О муниципальном образовании "город Майкоп", наделении его статусом городского округа и установлении его границ», в ред. Закона №347 от 27 ноября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Республики Адыгея "О муниципальном образовании "город Майкоп", наделении его статусом городского округа и установлении его границ"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Советская Адыгея", №102–103, 27 мая 2004 г. (Council of the Republic of Adygea. Law #223 of May 24, 2004 On the Municipal Formation "the City of Maykop", Granting It the Status of an Urban Okrug, and on the Establishment of Its Borders, as amended by the Law #347 of November 27, 2014 On Amending the Law of the Republic of Adygea "On the Municipal Formation "the City of Maykop", Granting It the Status of an Urban Okrug, and on the Establishment of Its Borders". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).