Burial chamber of a deceased person
"Mausolea" redirects here. For the genus of great flowering plants, see
Mausolea (plant) .
Model of the
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern-day
Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King
Mausolus , the
Persian
satrap of
Caria from which the word mausoleum was derived.
[1]
The
Taj Mahal in
Agra , India, a
UNESCO
World Heritage Site
Anıtkabir is the mausoleum of
Atatürk , leader of the
Turkish National Movement during the
Turkish War of Independence , the founder and first
President of the
Republic of Turkey . It attracts around 3.5 million tourists yearly.
[2]
A mausoleum is an external free-standing
building constructed as a monument enclosing the
burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's
remains is called a
cenotaph . A mausoleum may be considered a type of
tomb , or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum.
Overview
The word mausoleum (from the
Ancient Greek : μαυσωλεῖον ) derives from the
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern-day
Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King
Mausolus , the
Persian
satrap of
Caria , whose large tomb was one of the
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World .
[1]
Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the
gentry and
nobility in many countries. In the
Roman Empire , these were often in
necropoles or along roadsides: the
via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for kilometres outside
Rome . When Christianity became dominant, mausolea were out of use.
[3]
Later, mausolea became particularly popular in
Europe and its
colonies during the
early modern and
modern periods . A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a
burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within
sarcophagi or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as
columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a
cemetery , a
churchyard or on private land.
In the
United States , the term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the "crypt mausoleum". In Europe, these underground vaults are sometimes called
crypts or
catacombs .
Notable mausoleums
Africa
Mausoleum of Mohammed V , monumental grave of the Moroccan king
Mohammed V and his two sons, late
King Hassan II and
Prince Abdallah , in
Rabat ,
Morocco .
Bourguiba mausoleum , monumental grave of
Habib Bourguiba , first president of Tunisia, in
Monastir ,
Tunisia .
El Alia Cemetery in
Oued Smar ,
Algeria .
John Garang De Mabior 's mausoleum in
Juba ,
South Sudan .
Mastabas dating from
ancient Egypt .
Agostinho Neto 's mausoleum in
Luanda ,
Angola .
Mathieu Kerekou 's mausoleum in
Natitingou ,
Benin .
Mausolée du Guide Suprême du Patriotisme in
Gitega ,
Burundi .
Omar Bongo 's mausoleum, a replica of the
mausoleum of Mohammed V , in
Franceville ,
Gabon .
Léon M'ba 's mausoleum in
Libreville ,
Gabon .
Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum in
Accra ,
Ghana .
Atta Mills 's mausoleum at Asomdwee Park in
Accra , Ghana.
Burma Camp military cemetery in
Accra , Ghana.
Mausoleum of
Levy Mwanawasa ,
Frederick Chiluba , and
Michael Sata at the
Embassy Park Presidential Burial in
Lusaka ,
Zambia .
Domoni , burial place and location of
Ahmed Abdallah 's mausoleum, first president of
Comoros .
Marien Ngouabi 's mausoleum and
Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza 's mausoleum in
Brazzaville ,
Republic of Congo .
Mausoleum of
Félix Houphouët-Boigny , first president of Ivory Coast, in
Yamoussoukro ,
Ivory Coast .
Laurent Kabila 's mausoleum in
Kinshasa ,
Democratic Republic of Congo .
Mausoleum of
Joseph Kasa-Vubu in Singini,
Tshela ,
Kongo Central , Democratic Republic of Congo.
Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque is a shrine and mausoleum in
Cairo ,
Egypt , and the burial place of
Gamal Abdel Nasser , second president of Egypt.
The
Unknown Soldier Memorial is a pyramid-shaped monument in
Nasr City , Egypt.
Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania , monumental grave of the
Numidian
Berber king
Juba II and the Queen
Cleopatra Selene II located on the road between
Cherchell and
Algiers , in
Tipaza Province , Algeria.
Al-Hussein Mosque is a shrine and mausoleum in
Cairo , Egypt, and the purported burial place of
Muhammad 's grandson,
Husayn ibn Ali .
Qalawun complex , contains the mausoleum of
Qalawun in
Cairo , Egypt.
Jedars , thirteen ancient monumental
Berber mausoleums located south of
Tiaret .
Palm Grove Cemetery in
Monrovia ,
Liberia .
National Hall , mausoleum of the late president
William Tubman in
Monrovia ,
Montserrado ,
Liberia .
Eyadema 's family mausoleum in
Kara ,
Togo .
Kamuzu Banda 's mausoleum in
Lilongwe ,
Malawi .
Bingu wa Mutharika , third president of
Malawi , built a mausoleum in which his late first wife and Bingu himself are buried.
Meles Zenawi 's grave in the
Holy Trinity Cathedral ,
Addis Ababa ,
Ethiopia .
King Sobhuza II Memorial Park in
Lobamba ,
Eswatini .
Julius Nyerere 's mausoleum in
Mwalimu Nyerere Museum Centre ,
Butiama ,
Tanzania .
The Heroes Square in
Maputo ,
Mozambique .
Amilcar Cabral 's mausoleum in
Bissau ,
Guinea-Bissau .
Mausoleum of
Mzee Jomo Kenyatta , late president of Kenya, in
Nairobi ,
Kenya .
Jaramogi Oginga Odinga 's mausoleum in
Bondo ,
Kenya .
Camayanne Mausoleum, monumental grave of
Guinea 's national heroes
Samori Ture ,
Sekou Toure , and
Alfa Yaya in the
Grand Mosque of Conakry .
Nnamdi Azikiwe 's mausoleum in
Onitsha ,
Nigeria .
Tafawa Balewa's tomb in
Bauchi ,
Nigeria .
Mausoleum of Obafemi Awolowo in
Ogun State ,
Nigeria .
Sani Abacha 's mausoleum in
Kano ,
Nigeria .
National Heroes Acre in
Harare ,
Zimbabwe .
Heroes' Acre in
Windhoek ,
Namibia .
Asia, Eastern, Southern, Central, and Southeast
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Mausoleums of Emperors of Japan
Toyokuni Shrine at
Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto , Japan. Mausoleum of
Kampaku
Toyotomi Hideyoshi , which was later destroyed by the Tokugawa clan.
Nikkō Tōshō-gū at
Nikkō ,
Tochigi Prefecture , Japan. It is part of the "
Shrines and Temples of Nikkō ", Mausoleum of
Tokugawa Ieyasu ,
Tokugawa shōguns .
Rinnō-ji at
Nikkō ,
Tochigi Prefecture , Japan. The temple also administers the Taiyū-in Reibyō (大猷院霊廟), which is the mausoleum of
Tokugawa Iemitsu , the third
Tokugawa shōgun . Together with
Nikkō Tōshō-gū and
Futarasan Shrine .
Zuihōden at
Sendai ,
Miyagi Prefecture , Japan is the mausoleum complex of
Date Masamune and his heirs,
daimyō of the
Sendai Domain
Tamaudun , at
Shuri, Okinawa , Japan
Malaysia
Makam Pahlawan at
National Mosque of Malaysia ,
Kuala Lumpur ,
Malaysia .
Makam Diraja Mahmoodiah at
Bukit Mahmoodiah in Jalan Mahmoodiah,
Johor Bahru ,
Johor ,
Malaysia .
Hang Kasturi Mausoleum at
Jonker Walk ,
Melaka City ,
Melaka ,
Malaysia .
Kedah Royal Mausoleum at
Langgar ,
Kota Setar District ,
Kedah ,
Malaysia .
Kelantan Royal Mausoleum
Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum at
Bukit Chandan in
Jalan Istana ,
Kuala Kangsar ,
Malaysia .
Hang Jebat Mausoleum in
Melaka City ,
Melaka ,
Malaysia .
Shah Alam Royal Mausoleum
Tun Teja Mausoleum in
Merlimau ,
Jasin District ,
Melaka ,
Malaysia .
Seri Menanti Royal Mausoleum
Sultan Abdul Samad Mausoleum in
Jugra ,
Banting ,
Selangor ,
Malaysia .
Pakistan
Philippines
Rizal Monument at
Rizal Park in
Manila , Philippines, houses the remains of
Dr. Jose Rizal , national hero of the Philippines.
Aguinaldo Shrine in
Kawit ,
Cavite , Philippines.
Mausoleum of the Veterans of the Revolution , enshrining participants in the 1896
revolution against the
Spanish Empire .
Quezon Memorial , in
Quezon City , Philippines, houses the remains of
President
Manuel L. Quezon and his wife,
Aurora .
Marcos Museum and Mausoleum in
Batac, Ilocos Norte , Philippines, housing the remains of President
Ferdinand Marcos .
Taiwan
National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall ,
Taipei ,
Taiwan .
National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall ,
Taipei ,
Taiwan .
Mausoleum of late President Chiang Kai-shek ,
Taoyuan ,
Taiwan .
Mausoleum of late President Chiang Ching-kuo ,
Taoyuan ,
Taiwan .
Chen Tsyr-shiou Memorial Park , Former Mausoleum and Memorial of late Vice President
Chen Cheng ,
Taishan District, New Taipei ,
Taiwan .
Others
Konbaung tombs are a collection of mausoleums built by
Konbaung Dynasty kings in
Mandalay ,
Amarapura , and
Inwa ,
Myanmar .
Kandawmin Garden Mausolea ,
Myanmar .
Martyrs' Mausoleum ,
Myanmar .
Royal Cemetery at Wat Ratchabophit ,
Thailand
Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty ,
Korea
Kim Koo Museum and
Hyochang Park ,
Seoul ,
Republic of Korea (South Korea)
Bandaranaike family Estate in
Horagolla Bandaranaike Samadhi ,
Sri Lanka
Kurjey Lhakhang ,
Bumthang Valley ,
Bumthang District ,
Bhutan
Silver Pagoda, Phnom Penh ,
Cambodia
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum ,
Hanoi , Vietnam
Kumsusan Palace of the Sun or Kim Il Sung Mausoleum,
Pyongyang ,
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)
Asia, western
Al-Khazneh at
Petra ,
Jordan
Mausoleum of Maussollos at
Halicarnassus
Mausoleum of Cyrus the Great in
Pasargadae ,
Iran .
Naqsh-e Rustam at
Persepolis Iran, Tombs of Persian
Achaemenid kings (522-486 BCE).
Tomb of Ferdowsi in
Mashhad , Iran.
Tomb of Hafez (Hāfezieh) in
Shiraz , Iran
The
Shrine of the Báb and the
Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh in
Haifa and
Acre , Israel, respectively.
Imam Husayn Mosque ,
Karbala – according to
Shī‘ah belief,
[4] the head and body of
Husayn ibn Ali , along with all others who fell at the
Battle of Karbala are buried here.
Imam Reza shrine in
Mashhad , Iran
The
Mausoleum of Khomeini in
Tehran , Iran
Anıtkabir mausoleum of
Atatürk the founder of the
Republic of Turkey at
Ankara , Turkey
Celal Bayar Mausoleum in
Bursa , Turkey
Adnan Menderes 's Mausoleum, in
Istanbul , Turkey
Turgut Özal 's Mausoleum, in
Istanbul , Turkey
Süleyman Demirel Mausoleum in
Atabey , Turkey
Mausoleum of Yasser Arafat in
Ramallah , West Bank
Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in
Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
Europe
Imperial Crypt in Austria
Church of Our Lady of Laeken in Belgium
Batenberg Mausoleum in
Sofia , Bulgaria
Cathedral of Saint Domnius in
Split, Croatia
Royal Mausoleum and the
Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum at Frogmore, England
Trentham Mausoleum near
Stoke-on-Trent , England
Juselius Mausoleum in Finland
Les Invalides in France
Panthéon, Paris in France
Bismarck Mausoleum outside
Friedrichsruh in northern Germany
Lajos Batthyány 's Mausoleum in
Budapest , Hungary
Mausoleum of Augustus in
Rome , Italy.
Mausoleum of Hadrian in
Rome , Italy
Pantheon, Rome in Italy
Mausoleum of Theodoric in
Ravenna , Italy
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in
Ravenna , Italy
Mausoleum of Njegoš in Lovćen , Montenegro
Wilhelm II Mausoleum in
Doorn , Netherlands
National Pantheon / Church of Santa Engrácia in
Lisbon , Portugal
Mausoleum of Marasesti in
Marasesti , Romania
Peter and Paul Cathedral in
St. Petersburg , Russia
Cathedral of the Archangel in
Moscow , Russia
Lenin's Mausoleum in
Moscow , Russia
Hamilton Mausoleum at
Hamilton in Scotland
Damat Ali-Pasha Mausoleum ,
Belgrade , Serbia
House of Flowers in
Belgrade , Serbia
House of Karađorđević Mausoleum, St. George's Church, Oplenac in
Topola , Serbia
Valle de los Caídos , in
San Lorenzo del Escorial , Spain
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
North America
Canada
Cuba
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
United States
Henry Flagler 's mausoleum in
St. Augustine, Florida
Presidential memorials in the United States and
Presidents' graves of the United States
MacArthur Memorial in
Norfolk, Virginia
Miles Mausoleum in
Arlington National Cemetery
Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in
Hartsdale, New York
Forest Lawn Memorial Park in
Glendale, California
Queen of Heaven Mausoleum in
Queen of Heaven Cemetery ,
Hillside, Illinois
Rose Hills Memorial Park ,
Whittier, California
Rose Chapel Mausoleum in Roseland Park Cemetery,
Berkley, Michigan
Shrine of the Good Shepherd Chapel Mausoleum in
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Wilhelm's Portland Memorial Funeral Home in
Portland, Oregon
Tacoma Mausoleum in
Tacoma, Washington
Tombs of the
Uga mascots inside
Sanford Stadium in
Athens, Georgia
Brigadier General
Egbert Ludovicus Viele 's Egyptian-style pyramid mausoleum in
West Point, New York
Rapper
XXXTentacion 's mausoleum at The Gardens of Boca Raton in
Boca Raton, Florida
Rapper
Juice Wrld 's mausoleum at Beverly Cemetery in
Blue Island, Illinois
Mausoleo a los Heroes de El Polvorín , at
Cementerio Civil de Ponce in
Ponce, Puerto Rico
Oceania
See also
Notes
^ The plurals mausoleums and mausolea are both used in English, although mausoleums is more common.
^
a
b Toms, J. Mason (Winter 2019). "Arkansas Listings in the National Register of Historic Places: The Community Mausoleums of Cecil E. Bryan". Arkansas Historical Quarterly . 78 (4): 423–431.
ISSN
0004-1823 .
^
"Anıtkabir'de yabancı ziyaretçi rekoru kırıldı" . www.sozcu.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-05-12 .
^ Paul Veyne, in A History of Private Life: I. From Pagan Rome to Byzantium , Veyne, ed. (Harvard University Press) 1987:416.
^ al-Qummi, Ja'far ibn Qūlawayh (2008). Kāmil al-Ziyārāt . trans. Sayyid Mohsen al-Husaini al-Mīlāni. Shiabooks.ca Press. p. 63.
External links
Look up
mausoleum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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Mausoleums .