For the supervisor of the production of kosher food, see
Mashgiach.
A mashgiach ruchani (
Hebrew: משגיח רוחני; pl., mashgichim ruchani'im), sometimes mashgiach for short, is a spiritual supervisor or guide. They are usually a
rabbi who has an official position within a
yeshiva and is responsible for the non-academic areas of yeshiva students' lives.[1]
The position of mashgiach ruchani arose with the establishment of the modern "
Lithuanian-style"
musar yeshivas. The prototype of this new type of rabbinical leader and educator was Rabbi
Nosson Tzvi Finkel (1849-1927) known as the Alter (elder) of the Slabodka yeshiva,
Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael (Slabodka), in Lithuania.
The role of the mashgiach ruchani was strongest in the era before
World War II, when often the mashgichim were responsible for maintaining the yeshiva financially, recruiting and interviewing new students, and hiring staff, something akin to academic
deans. After
the Holocaust, the influence and position of the mashgiach decreased, and the roles of the
rosh yeshivas have grown at the expense of those of the mashgichim. A modern mashgiach/mashgicha is somewhat equivalent to the secular
counselor position. The need for having mashgichim within the modern yeshivas was tied in with the rise of the modern
musar movement (teaching of Jewish ethics), inspired by the 19th-century rabbi
Israel Salanter.[citation needed].
Some yeshivas may refer to a mashgiach/mashgicha ruchani as a menahel ruchani (the word menahel means 'principal', as in the principal of a school, or 'supervisor'.)
Chabad yeshivas have a similar position referred to as
mashpia, meaning a person who provides (spiritual) influence.[citation needed]
^HaRav Schach: Conversations: Stories to Inspire the Yeshiva World. Elʻazar Menaḥem Man Shakh - 2004 p52: "Speaking about the position of Mashgiach Ruchani (Spiritual Supervisor) in a yeshiva, Rav Schach used to say that while it goes without saying that the Mashgiach must be a God-fearing man, and a person capable of inspiring others with his ..."
External links
The dictionary definition of
משגיח רוחני at Wiktionary