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For the language, see Mashco Piro language.
"Piro people" redirects here. For the agrarian tribe, see Yine people.
Mashco-Piro
Total population
100–250 (1998) [1]
Regions with significant populations
Peru
Languages
Mashco Piro [2]
Religion
traditional tribal religion

The Mashco-Piro or Mascho Piro, also known as the Cujareño people and Nomole, are an indigenous tribe of nomadic hunter-gatherers who inhabit the remote regions of the Amazon rainforest. They live in Manú National Park in the Madre de Dios Region in Peru. [2] They have in the past actively avoided contact with non-native peoples.

Demographics

In 1998, the IWGIA estimated their number to be around 100 to 250. [1] This is an increase from the 1976 estimated population of 20 to 100. [2]

The Mashco-Piro tribe speaks a dialect of the Piro language. [3] "Mashco" (originally spelled "Maschcos") is a term which was first used by Padre Biedma in 1687 to refer to the Harakmbut people. [4] [5] It is considered a derogatory term, due to its meaning of "savages" in the Piro language; "Nomole" is the name the people apply to themselves. [2] [6]

History

In 1894, most of the Mashco-Piro tribe was slaughtered by the private army of Carlos Fitzcarrald, in the upper Manú River area. [7] Many Mascho-Piro natives were also enslaved by Fitzcarrald's foreman, Carlos Scharff between 1897-1909 along the Purús and Madre de Dios Rivers. [8] The survivors retreated to the remote forest areas. The sightings of the Mashco-Piro tribe members increased in the 21st century. According to the anthropologist Glenn Shepard, who had an encounter with the Mashco-Piro in 1999, the increased sightings of the tribe could be due to illegal logging in the area and low-flying aircraft associated with oil and gas exploration. [7]

In September 2007, a group of ecologists filmed about 20 members of the Mashco-Piro tribe from a helicopter flying above the Alto Purús national park. [9] The group had established camp on the banks of the Las Piedras river near the Peruvian and Brazilian border. Scientists believe that the tribe prefers to construct palm-leaf huts on riverbanks during the dry season for fishing. During the wet season, they retreat to the rain forest. Similar huts were spotted in the 1980s. [10]

In October 2011, the Peru Ministry of Environment released a video of a few Mashco-Piros, taken by some travelers. [11] Gabriella Galli, an Italian visitor to the park, also captured a photograph of the tribe members. [12]

In 2012, Survival International released some new photographs of the tribe members. [13] The archaeologist Diego Cortijo of the Spanish Geographical Society claimed to have captured photographs of a Mashco-Piro family from the Manú National Park, while on an expedition along the Madre de Dios River in search of petroglyphs. However, this claim to the photograph was subsequently disputed by Jean-Paul Van Belle who claimed to have taken these pictures 3 weeks earlier. [14] His local guide Nicolas "Shaco" Flores, who was found dead six days later with a bamboo-tipped arrow stuck in his heart, is believed to have been killed by members of the Mashco-Piro tribe. [7]

In August 2013, the BBC reported that a group of Mashco-Piros had been seen apparently asking neighboring villagers for food. [15] The Peruvian government has banned contact with the Mashco-Piros for fear that they might be infected by strangers with diseases to which the Mashco-Piros have not built up immunity. [15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Diana Vinding (1998). Indigenous women: the right to a voice. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA). pp. 40–. ISBN  978-87-984110-5-5. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d "Mashco Piro." Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  3. ^ Pedro García Hierro; Søren Hvalkof; Andrew Gray (1 January 1998). Liberation through land rights in the Peruvian Amazon. IWGIA. pp. 200–. ISBN  978-87-90730-05-5. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  4. ^ Andrew Gray (1997). Indigenous rights and development: self-determination in an Amazonian community. Berghahn Books. p. 140–. ISBN  978-1-57181-837-9. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  5. ^ William Frawley (2003). International encyclopedia of linguistics. Oxford University Press. pp. 137–. ISBN  978-0-19-513977-8. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  6. ^ Drake, Nadia (2015-10-13). "An Isolated Tribe Is Emerging From Peru's Amazonian Wilderness". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on October 14, 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  7. ^ a b c Scott Wallace (31 January 2012). "Mounting Drama for Uncontacted Tribes". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  8. ^ Hecht 2013, p. 482.
  9. ^ Carroll, Rory. " Sighting of Amazon group bolsters environmentalist case". The Guardian. 3 October 2007.
  10. ^ Wade, Terry and Marco Aquino. " Little-known Indian tribe spotted in Peru's Amazon". Reuters. 28 September 2007.
  11. ^ Scott Wallace (18 August 2011). "Peru Releases Dramatic Footage of Uncontacted Indians". National Geographic. Archived from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  12. ^ "Meet the Mascho-Piro tribe of Peru ... but do they want to meet the modern world?". The Independent. 1 February 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  13. ^ "Up close one year later: startling new photos of uncontacted Indians released". Survival International. 31 January 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  14. ^ Chelsea Geach (8 August 2015). "Prof's pics plagiarised around the world". IOL news. Independent Online. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  15. ^ a b "Peru's isolated Mashco-Piro tribe 'asks for food'". BBC News. 19 August 2013.

Bibliography

External links

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