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Peter Sewally
Lithograph of Mary Jones
DiedUnknown
Other namesMary Jones
Occupation Prostitute

Peter Sewally ( fl. 1836–1853) was an American gender-variant prostitute who presented as a woman under names including Mary Jones. [a] According to The Sun, he [b] would wear "a dashing suit of male apparel" in the day, while dressing in feminine attire and wearing a prosthetic vagina at night to solicit sexual services for men and steal their money. He is most well known for being the subject of a trial in 1836 where he was charged with grand larceny for stealing the wallets of men he engaged in sexual acts with. He is considered to be one of the first recorded openly gender-variant or transgender people in New York history. [7] [5]

Arrest

On June 11, 1836, a white mason worker named Robert Haslem solicited sexual services from Sewally, who was working under the name Mary Jones. [1] (Both prostitution and interracial sex were legal in New York at the time. [4]) When Haslem returned home, he realized that his wallet containing 99 dollars was stolen and replaced with an empty wallet belonging to another man. When he found and confronted the owner of the replaced wallet, the man at first denied ownership but eventually admitted that he was pickpocketed by Jones as well. The owner of the wallet claimed he didn't want to report the crime to police out of fear of "exposing himself". Haslem reported the crime to the police the next day. Jones was found by police on midnight of the same day. A police officer found Sewally and pretended to be interested in his sexual services, arresting him on Greene Street. When the officer searched her, he realized that Jones had male genitalia. When the officer searched her room, he found several more men's wallets. [1]

Trial

Sewally was tried on June 16, 1836 and appeared in court wearing a wig, white earrings, and a dress. He was subjected to much mockery by the audience of the court for his attire. According to The Sun, a person in the audience grabbed the wig off his head, leading to the court bursting out in laughter. [1]

When asked why he was dressed in feminine attire, he stated:

I have been in the practice of waiting upon Girls of ill fame and made up their Beds and received the Company at the door and received the money for Rooms and they induced me to dress in Women's Clothes, saying I looked so much better in them and I have always attended parties among the people of my own Colour dressed in this way—and in New Orleans I always dressed in this way—

Sewally pled not guilty to the charge of grand larceny. He was sentenced to five years of imprisonment at Sing Sing. [5]

The trial was the focus of much sensational media attention, as media tended to report more on his attire than the crime he committed. [8] A lithograph of Sewally was drawn by H. R. Robinson, calling him "The Man-Monster". [1]

Later life and arrests

On August 9, 1845, the Commercial Advertiser published a report about Sewally, referred to as "Beefsteak Pete", being arrested again. Sewally got the nickname from the fact that he wore a prosthetic vagina when engaging in sex with men to trick them into thinking he was anatomically female. [5]

On February 15, 1846, the New York Herald reported that Sewally, also referring to her as "Beefsteak Pete", had been freed from Blackwells Island after being imprisoned for six months for "playing up his old game [and] sailing along the street in the full rig of a female." [1] Sewally was arrested a final time in May 1853. [4]

Legacy

While heavily mocked at the time, Sewally has been celebrated by modern historians for sharing his experience as a gender-variant black person to the prominently white audience of the court. In his book The Amalgamation Waltz, Tavia Nyong'o states that Sewally "transformed shame and stigma not by transcending them or repressing them but by employing them as resources in the production of new modes of meaning and being". [5] The Museum of the City of New York has considered Sewally to be "one of the first known gender variant / transgender people in New York history". [7]

Artist Arthur Jafa featured a re-imagining of what Sewally would have looked like in a self-portrait photograph titled La Scala in his art showcase, A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions. [2]

The Brooklyn Museum commissioned filmmaker Tourmaline to create a short film named Salacia focusing on the life of Sewally. The short was screened at the museum from May 3 to December 9, 2019. The short is currently[ as of?] screened by the Museum of Modern Art as part of their permanent collection. [3] [9]

Jonathan Ned Katz, in his book Love Stories: Sex Between Men Before Homosexuality, says Sewally grew up with little education, was illiterate, and signed statements with an X. According to Katz, contrast and scandal made Sewally so interesting for the press: during the day Peter Sewally reportedly dressed as a man (except in New Orleans) and at night changed into feminine clothes and the role of Mary (who also went under the names of Miss Ophelia, Miss June, Eliza Smith and Julia Johnson). The Herald and Sun, when Sewally was first accused of theft, stated that Sewally had initially carried out business under the name of Mary Jones without stealing from customers. The antiquated term amalgamation was used by the press to indicate that customers of various races were served, which was not the norm, less than ten years after slavery had been abolished. [1]

Notes

  1. ^ Sewally's other names included Miss Ophelia, Miss June, Eliza Smith and Julia Johnson. [1]
  2. ^ Sewally's gender identity is unknown. [2] Contemporaneous sources exclusively refer to him by masculine pronouns. A minority of more recent sources characterize Sewally as a trans woman and use feminine [3] or they/them pronouns, [4] but most—including discussions in historical books by Jonathan Ned Katz, [1] Tavia Nyong'o, [5] and James Parisot [6]—refer to him with masculine pronouns and his birth name; this article follows suit.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "The "Man-Monster" by Jonathan Ned Katz · Peter Sewally/Mary Jones, June 11, 1836 · OutHistory: It's About Time". outhistory.org. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  2. ^ a b Kane, Ashleigh (May 24, 2018). "Arthur Jafa embodies one of the US's earliest known trans women in new show". Dazed. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  3. ^ a b Zukin, Meg (July 2, 2020). "'Salacia' Filmmaker Tourmaline on Spotlighting Black Trans Lives and the LGBT Journey to Mainstream Recognition". Variety. Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Sivels, Xavier (March 19, 2022). "Black trans women face a unique threat rooted in centuries of history". Made by History. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e Nyong’o, Tavia (2009). The Amalgamation Waltz. pp. 88–99. Project MUSE  31492.
  6. ^ Parisot, James (2019). How America Became Capitalist: Imperial Expansion and the Conquest of the West. London: Pluto Press. p.  47. ISBN  9781786803863. Retrieved October 6, 2023. Open access icon
  7. ^ a b Crenshaw, Madeleine (July 20, 2018). "Meet The Rebellious Women Of 19th Century NYC". Gothamist. Archived from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  8. ^ "Gender Bending in 19th Century New York". MCNY Blog: New York Stories. July 12, 2011. Archived from the original on July 14, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
  9. ^ "Announcing the Release of "Salacia," a New Film by Tourmaline". Barnard Center for Research on Women. April 26, 2019. Archived from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
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