Marcia_Frederick References

Marcia Frederick
Marcia Frederick
Country represented	United States
Born	January 4, 1963 (age 61); Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
Discipline	Women's artistic gymnastics
Level	Senior International
Head coach(es)	Muriel Grossfeld, Don Peters
Medal record
Women's artistic gymnastics
Representing the United States
World Championships

Marcia Frederick (born January 4, 1963, in Springfield, Massachusetts) is a retired American gymnast who was the first American woman to win a gold medal at the World Gymnastics Championships, on the uneven bars in Strasbourg, France, in 1978.^[1] After qualifying for the 1980 US Olympic team, she was among the favorites to win a medal in Moscow but did not compete because of the boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics led by the United States.^[2] At the USGF International Invitational held in August 1980 in Hartford, Connecticut, for countries affected by the boycott, Frederick won the silver medal in the all-around competition, the gold on vault and bronze on uneven bars and balance beam. Years later, she was one of 461 athletes to receive a Congressional Gold Medal.

Eponymous skill

Frederick has one eponymous skill listed in the Code of Points.^[3]

Apparatus	Name	Description	Difficulty^[a]
Uneven bars	Frederick	Stalder backward with 1/1 turn (360°) in handstand phase	D

^ Valid for the 2022-2024 Code of Points

References

^ Riley, Lori (August 15, 2010). "Frederick Changed Gymnastics, But Boycott Ended Olympic Dream". The Hartford Courant. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- Hartman, Holly (2003). Girlwonder: Every Girl's Guide to the Fantastic Feats, Cool Qualities, and Remarkable Abilities of Women and Girls. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 165–. ISBN 9780618319398. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- Smith, Lissa (1998). Nike is a Goddess: The History of Women in Sports. Atlantic Monthly Press. pp. 231–. ISBN 9780871137616. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
^ Caroccioli, Tom; Caroccioli, Jerry (2008). Boycott: Stolen Dreams of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. Highland Park, Illinois: New Chapter Press. pp. 243–253. ISBN 978-0942257403.
^ "2022-2024 Code of Points Women's Artistic Gymnastics" (PDF). International Gymnastics Federation. p. 90, 207. Retrieved 22 January 2022.

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[difficulty-4] Valid for the 2022-2024 Code of Points

[1] Riley, Lori (August 15, 2010). "Frederick Changed Gymnastics, But Boycott Ended Olympic Dream". The Hartford Courant. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- Hartman, Holly (2003). Girlwonder: Every Girl's Guide to the Fantastic Feats, Cool Qualities, and Remarkable Abilities of Women and Girls. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 165–. ISBN 9780618319398. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- Smith, Lissa (1998). Nike is a Goddess: The History of Women in Sports. Atlantic Monthly Press. pp. 231–. ISBN 9780871137616. Retrieved 23 February 2014.

[2] Caroccioli, Tom; Caroccioli, Jerry (2008). Boycott: Stolen Dreams of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. Highland Park, Illinois: New Chapter Press. pp. 243–253. ISBN 978-0942257403.

[3] "2022-2024 Code of Points Women's Artistic Gymnastics" (PDF). International Gymnastics Federation. p. 90, 207. Retrieved 22 January 2022.

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[2]

[3]

[a]

v t e 1980 USA Olympic Gymnastics Team
Team did not participate due to the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott
Men's artistic gymnastics athletes	Phil Cahoy Bart Conner Ron Galimore Larry Gerard Jim Hartung Peter Vidmar Mike Wilson
Women's artistic gymnastics athletes	Luci Collins Marcia Frederick Kathy Johnson Beth Kline Amy Koopman Julianne McNamara Tracee Talavera
Coaches	Francis Allen (Men's artistic head coach) Bill Meade (Men's artistic assistant coach) Ernestine Russell (Women's artistic head coach) Paul Ziert (Women's artistic assistant coach)