  Shown within Tanzania | |
| Location |
Moshi District, Kilimanjaro Region, 
Tanzania |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 3°17′41.892″S 37°30′28.08″E / 3.29497000°S 37.5078000°E |
| Type | Settlement |
| History | |
| Founded | 18th century CE |
| Cultures | Chaga |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Endangered |
| Ownership | Tanzanian Government |
| Management | Antiquities Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism [1] |
| Official name | Marangu Defences Historic Site |
| Type | Cultural |
Marangu Defences or Chagga Caves (Mapango ya Uchaggani in Swahili ) are a man-made defence cave system that was erected in the late 18th century as defence of the Chaga from Maasai raids and expanded the system in the late 19th century as part of the Chagga resistance from the German occupation. The caves are located in various locations within Moshi District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. [2] [3] [4]
References
- ^ "Antiquities Division". Retrieved 21 Jul 2022.
- ^ "Chagga caves". Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ^ Clack, Timothy (2009). "Sheltering Experience in Underground Places: Thinking through Precolonial Chagga Caves on Mount Kilimanjaro". World Archaeology. 41 (2): 321–344. doi: 10.1080/00438240902844434. JSTOR 40388256. S2CID 162389875.
- ^ "Chagga caves in machame". 30 July 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2022.