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Botanical illustration
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Tree at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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Leaves
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Leaf undersides
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Close-up of flower
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Fruit
Malus fusca | |
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Flowers and leaves at Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge in California | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Rosaceae |
Genus: | Malus |
Species: | M. fusca
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Binomial name | |
Malus fusca (
Raf.)
C.K.Schneid.
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Synonyms | |
Synonymy
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Malus fusca, with the common names Oregon crabapple and Pacific crabapple, is a species of crabapple native to western North America. [1]
Malus fusca is a deciduous tree growing up to 13 metres (43 feet) tall, with a trunk 20–25 centimetres (8–10 inches) thick. [2] The leaves are 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, dark green above, and both pale and fibrous beneath; they turn bright orange to red in autumn. [2]
The flowers are white or pale pink, blooming in spring. The fruits are small round apple-shaped pomes, about 2 cm (3⁄4 in) long and from red to yellow-green in colour. [3] [4] They may stay on the tree until winter. [5]
The trees can reach at least 100 years of age. [2]
Archibald Menzies described the species in 1792 after finding it near today's Port Angeles, Washington. [2]
The species can be found from Alaska, through British Columbia, to northwestern California. It grows in temperate coniferous forest, primarily in the Cascade Range and the Pacific Coast Ranges. [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
The tree can grow in a variety of maritime conditions, its rootstock tolerating wet soils (including saltwater estuaries), poorly drained areas and heavy clay soils. It can be found in high-rainfall regions. [11] [12]
It can be found growing along with red alder, bigleaf maple, willows, and cascara. Animals including grouse and bears eat the fruit. [2]
The oblong fruit can be eaten, but has a sour flavor. [13] The fruit can also be used for extraction of pectin, useful in helping make jams and jellies from other fruits, and is also made into jams and jellies itself. [14] The bark can be used as an herbal medicine. It is also grown in parks and gardens as an ornamental plant.[ citation needed]
Pacific crabapple fruits were prized by indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest as a food source, [13] and were gathered all along the coast. As a traditional medicinal plant, infusions of the bark and/or fruit were used, including for stomach disorders, skin and eye infections, and as an analgesic. [15]
The tree was also valued for its tough, resilient wood, used for making implements, and for its bark, used for a wide range of medicinal purposes. [16] [17]