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Berberis oiwakensis
Habit
Flowers
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Berberidaceae
Genus: Berberis
Species:
B. oiwakensis
Binomial name
Berberis oiwakensis
Synonyms
Synonyms
  • Berberis caelicolor (S.Y.Bao) Laferr. (1997)
  • Berberis discolorifolia (Ahrendt) Laferr. (1997)
  • Berberis lomariifolia (Takeda) Laferr. (1997)
  • Berberis lomariifolia var. estylis (C.Y.Wu ex S.Y.Bao) Laferr. (1997)
  • Berberis puca Laferr. (1997)
  • Mahonia alexandri C.K.Schneid. (1917)
  • Mahonia caelicolor S.Y.Bao (1987)
  • Mahonia discolorifolia Ahrendt (1961)
  • Mahonia hainanensis C.M.Hu, Ze X.Li & F.W.Xing (1994)
  • Mahonia lomariifolia Takeda (1917)
  • Mahonia lomariifolia var. estylis C.Y.Wu ex S.Y.Bao (1987)
  • Mahonia morrisonensis Takeda (1917)
  • Mahonia oiwakensis Hayata (1916)
  • Mahonia oiwakensis subsp. lomariifolia (Takeda) J.M.H.Shaw (2011)
  • Mahonia oiwakensis var. tenuifoliola J.M.H.Shaw (2011)

Berberis oiwakensis is a species of plant in the barberry family, Berberidaceae. It is native to Taiwan, China ( Guizhou, Hong Kong, Sichuan, Xizang ( Tibet) and Yunnan) and Myanmar, where it occurs at elevations of 600 to 3800 m. [2] It has recently been found naturalized in South Africa. [3]

Description

Berberis oiwakensis is a shrub or tree up to 7 m tall. Leaves are up to 45 cm long, compound with 12-20 pairs of leaflets plus a larger terminal one, dark green above, yellow-green below. The inflorescence is a fascicled raceme up to 25 cm long. The berries are egg-shaped, dark blue, sometimes almost black, up to 8 mm long. [2] [4]

Taxonomy

Berberis oiwakensis was first scientifically described and named Mahonia oiwakensis by Bunzō Hayata in 1916. [5] [4] One year later Hisayoshi Takeda described a species that he named Mahonia lomariifolia. [5] [6] Under that name, it was considered to occur only in mainland China, while Mahonia oiwakensis was limited to Taiwan. Modern taxonomic sources unite the two as a single species with priority going to the first description. [5] Because of differences between the Taiwanese and mainland Chinese plants, Julian Shaw described them as separate subspecies of Mahonia oiwakensis in 2011. [5] [7] However, this has not yet been accepted by the majority of botanists. In addition, there has been a longstanding disagreement on if Mahonia should be more properly classified as a synonym of Berberis. A paper was published by Joseph Edward Laferrière in 1997 summarized the arguments in favor of classification in Berberis and published a new name for the species, Berberis oiwakensis. [5] [8] As of 2023, this is the most widely accepted classification. [5] [9]

Hybrids

Berberis oiwakensis is one parent of the important garden hybrid Berberis × hortensis, which includes popular cultivars such as 'Charity', 'Winter Sun' and 'Lionel Fortescue' (the other parent is Berberis japonica). [10] It is also a parent of the cultivar 'Arthur Menzies', though with Berberis bealei as the other parent. [11] In the wild in Taiwan, Berberis oiwakensis appears to hybridize with wild Berberis japonica. [7]

Berberis oiwakensis subsp. lomariifolia has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [12] [13]

References

  1. ^ Pan, F.J. (1998). "Mahonia oiwakensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T34757A9887847. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34757A9887847.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Flora of China v 19 p 774,
  3. ^ Jaca, T. P. 2017. Chinese hollygrape (Mahonia oiwakensis): newly detected weed. South African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) News 45:2-3. Last accessed February 15, 2018, from http://www.arc.agric.za/ARC%20Newsletters/SAPIA%20NEWS%20No.%2045,%20July%202017.pdf.
  4. ^ a b Hayata, Bunzo (1916). "Contributions to the Flora of Formosa". Icones Plantarum Formosanarum Nec non et Contributiones Ad Floram Formosanam. 6: 1–163 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Berberis oiwakensis (Hayata) Laferr". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  6. ^ Takeda, Hisayoshi (1917). "Contributions to the Knowledge of the Old World Species of the Genus Mahonia". Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 6 (29–30): 209–248 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  7. ^ a b Shaw, Julian (2011). "Developments in Mahonia" (PDF). The Plantsman. New Series. 10: 44–49.
  8. ^ Laferrière, Joseph Edward (1997). "Transfer of Specific and Infraspecific Taxa from Mahonia to Berberis (Berberidaceae)". Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 82 (9): 95–98. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  9. ^ WFO (2023). "Berberis oiwakensis (Hayata) Laferr". World Flora Online. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  10. ^ Brickell, C.D. (1979). "The hybrids between Mahonia japonica and M. lomariifolia". The Plantsman. 1: 12–20.
  11. ^ Witt, J.A. (1967). "Mahonia 'Arthur Menzies'". Arboretum Bulletin Washington. Spring: 14–15.
  12. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Mahonia oiwakensis subsp. lomariifolia". Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  13. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 62. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
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