The gens Magia was a
plebeian family at
ancient Rome. Members of this
gens are first mentioned at the time of the
Second Punic War. Although several of them performed useful service to the Roman state, none of the Magii ever held the
consulship.[1]
Origin
The Magii were from
Campania, and at the time of the
Second Punic War they were among the leading families at
Capua. That conflict divided the Magii, some of whom wished to ally with
Hannibal, while others supported the alliance with Rome. One of them bore the surname Atellanus, having come from the Campanian town of
Atella, perhaps the family's ultimate origin. Minatus Magius, an ancestor of the historian
Velleius Paterculus, received the
Roman franchise as a result of his loyal service to Rome during the
Social War. His surname, Aeculanensis, suggests that a branch of the Magii settled at
Aeculanum during the second century BC.[1]
Praenomina
The earliest Magii appearing in history were Campanians, and bore distinctly
Oscanpraenomina, such as Decius and Minatus, as well as the more familiar Gnaeus, which was also a common
Latin name. The Roman Magii used Publius, Lucius, Gnaeus, and Numerius, of which the last was relatively scarce at Rome, especially among the aristocracy, although more widespread among the plebeians and in the countryside.
Members
This list includes abbreviated
praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see
filiation.
Gnaeus Magius Atellanus, a supporter of Hannibal during the Second Punic War. He was the meddix turicus, or chief magistrate, at Capua in 214 BC.[2]
Decius Magius, leader of the pro-Roman party at Capua during the Second Punic War. He argued strenuously against the city's surrender to Hannibal in 216 BC, but was sent to
Carthage after the city opened its gates to the Carthaginian. A storm drove his ship to
Cyrene, and he escaped to
Egypt. His descendant, Velleius Paterculus, calls him Campanorum princeps celeberrimus et nobilissimus vir, "first among the Campanians, a most famous and noble man."[3][4]
Minatus Magius Aeculanensis,[i] grandson of Decius Magius, during the Social War raised a legion of soldiers loyal to Rome from among the
Hirpini. For his loyalty and considerable help in the war, he was granted the Roman franchise, and two of his sons are said to have become
praetor. The historian Marcus Velleius Paterculus was his adnepos.[ii][4]
Gnaeus Magius, the brother-in-law of Oppianicus, a notorious poisoner suspected of murdering Magius in order to inherit his fortune.[12]
Magia, one of several women whom Oppianicus married in order to gain their fortunes.[12]
Numerius Magius,[iii] a native of
Cremona, and praefectus fabrum in the army of
Pompeius during the
Civil War. He was captured while traveling to meet Pompeius at
Brundisium in 49 BC; Caesar allowed him to continue on his way, bearing an offer of peace.[13][14]
Publius Magius Cilo, stabbed to death the ex-consul
M. Claudius Marcellus in 45 BC, and afterwards took his own life.[15]
Lucius Magius, an orator, and son-in-law of the historian
Livy.[16]
Magius Celer, adoptive father of Velleianus.
Magius Celer Velleianus, brother of the historian Velleius Paterculus, was adopted by one of his relatives. He and his brother were the emperor's candidates for the praetorship at the time of
Augustus' death in AD 14, and were again nominated by
Tiberius.[17]
Magius Caecilianus, praetor in AD 21, was falsely accused of treason by two
equites, but acquitted, and his accusers punished.[18]
^Frequently found as Minatius Magius, but Minatus was an
Oscan praenomen, easily confused with its derived patronymic surname Minatius. Similarly, Asculanensis is sometimes substituted for the less familiar Aeculanensis.