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Lyuh was born in
Yangpyeong,
Gyeonggi Province, the son of a local
yangban magnate. At age 15, Lyuh enrolled in the
Baejae School but in less than one year moved to Heunghwa School. After moving to yet another school and leaving that school before graduation, Lyuh began in 1907 to study the
Bible and befriended the American missionary
Charles Allen Clark, who helped him found Kidok Kwangdong School in 1909. In 1910, Lyuh dramatically parted from
Korean tradition by freeing slaves owned by his household. In 1911, Lyuh enrolled in Pyongyang Presbyterian Theological Seminary and, in 1914, went to China where he studied English literature at a university in Nanjing. In 1917, he moved to Shanghai. In 1918, he organized the Mindan (Korea Resident Association) in that city, to provide a base for pro-independence activities. Lyuh took part in the establishment of the
Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in 1919 and served as a member of that body's Legislative Assembly (Imsi Uijeongwon).
Like many in the Korean independence movement, Lyuh sought aid from both right and left. In 1920, he joined the
Koryǒ Communist Party (고려 공산당, Goryeo Gongsandang) and, in 1921, attended the First Congress of the Toilers of the Far East in Moscow. When Lyuh Woon Hyung was in Moscow, He met
Leon Trotsky and
Vladimir Lenin to discuss Korean Independence.[2] In 1924 he joined
Sun Yat-sen'sChinese Nationalist Party and worked for Sino-Korean cooperation. After being released from prison in 1932, Lyuh took on a variety of independence activities in areas of the media and sports. During the
Berlin Olympics a Korean marathon runner,
Sohn Kee-chung, won the gold medal. The
Chungang Daily News, of which Lyuh was the editor and owner, ran the photograph but removed the Japanese flag from his jersey. The Japanese closed down the newspaper and arrested Lyuh for the action. In addition to serving as editor of the Chungang Daily News, he also served as the president of the Choson JungAng Ilbo (조선중앙일보) and other sports associations. His pen-name was Mongyang (몽양; 夢陽), using the Hanja for "dream" and "the sun".[citation needed]
In anticipation of Japan's defeat in the Second World War, Lyuh organized in 1944 the
Korean Independence League (조선건국동맹, Joseon Geon-guk Dongmaeng), a nationwide underground organization. Lyuh experienced[clarification needed] the US
Doolittle Raid, a reprisal attack in 1942 after
Pearl Harbor. He also formed the Committee for Preparation of Korean Independence (조선 건국 준비 위원회, Joseon Geon-guk Junbi Wiwonhoe), succeeded by the Korean Independence League. When the
defeat of the Japanese forces in Korea became imminent in August 1945, the Japanese official Endo Ryusaku established contact with Lyuh and agreed on the release of prisoners and the Japanese withdrawal from Korea.[3] On the 17 August, Lyuh established the Committee for Preparation of Korean Independence which created over 140 subsections in North and South Korea by the end of August.[4]
On 6 September 1945, Lyuh proclaimed the
People's Republic of Korea[5] with Lyuh as Chairman of the National People's Representative Conference.[6] When the United States landed on the Korean Peninsula two days later,[4] General Hodge did not recognize the government of the People's Republic of Korea that Lyuh Woon Hyung established. In October, he stepped down under pressure from the
United States Military Government, and organized the
People's Party of Korea, becoming its chairman. For the following months of the anti-trusteeship movement and other political changes, Lyuh took a line of action in concert with the communists.[7]
On 19 July 1947, Lyuh was assassinated in Seoul by a 19-year-old man named Han Chigeun, a recent refugee from North Korea and an active member of the right-wing terrorist group the
White Shirts Society. Lyuh's death was widely mourned.[citation needed]
1910 – Became a teacher of Chodang Uisuk (초당의숙) of
Gangneung.
1911 – Had been fired from school because of rejecting Japanese era name. Entered to Pyongyang seminarium and studied to 2 years
1914 – Entered the English literature course of Jinling University (金陵大学) in
Nanjing, studied 3 years.
1917 – Got a job of travel Agent at Xiehe bookstore (協和書局) in Shanghai and helped Koreans in passage procedure. Met
Sun Yat-sen. In summer, returned to Korea in private. Fled to China with
Lee Beom-seok.
1918 – Founded
New Korea Youth Party in Shanghai and had been appointed to the leader.
1920 – Joined the Koryǒ Communist Party in Shanghai and became a translation committee member and propaganda agent.
1921 – Established "Korea-China Cooperated company" (Hanjung hojosa, 韓中互助社, 한중호조사) in Shanghai.
January 1922 – Participated in "Conference for Oppressed people of the Far east" (遠東被壓迫民族大會, 원동피압박민족대회) in Moscow. Met
Vladimir Lenin and discussed about
anti-imperialism movement in Korea. in October, Organized "Hanguk Nobyunghoe" (韓國勞兵會, 한국노병회) with
Kim Ku,
Son jung-do etc.
July 1929 – Became coach of the soccer team of
Fudan University and went to the
Southeast Asia for educational travel with players. While in travel he made a speech of Anti-Imperialism at the Philippines,
Singapore etc. Arrested by Japanese police in Shanghai and taken to Korea. Had been sentenced to imprisonment for 3 years.
November 1932 – Had been released on parole from the prison of
Daejeon.
February 1933 – Became the president of the
Chungang Daily News (Chosun JungAng Ilbo, 조선중앙일보).
1934 – Became chairman of the "Korea Sports Council" (조선체육회).
1935 – Set up the gravestone in
Yi Sun-sin graveyard of
Asan.
1940 – Gone off to Tokyo and led and inspire Korean students in Japan. Met
Fumimaro Konoe,
Shūmei Ōkawa.
December 1942 – Arrested by Military police for violation of "
Peace Preservation Law" (治安維持法)
1943 – Got released from prison with three years of probation. while retired from active life, he made contact with comrade and led the young people.
10 August 1944 – Formed Korean Restoration Brotherhood Secretly in Sam-gwang Oriental Medical Clinic (삼광한의원) in Seoul and expanded it on a nationwide scale. Rejected the suggestion to go to China of Endo Ryusaku (遠藤柳作), the vice-minister of the post of Governor-General of Korea (朝鮮総督府政務総監). Formed the "Farmers' Brotherhood"(농민동맹) at the
Yongmun Mountain in Yangpyeong.
15 August 1945 – Met Endo and had been transferred authority of administration and public order from Endo.
Younger brother's grandson, Ki-Won Rhew (President, Willows Memorial Foundation of Korea's First Aviation School & Air Corps, 윌로우스 대한민국 임시정부 한인비행학교/비행대 기념재단 (윌로우스 항공 기념재단))
Spouse : Jin Sang-ha (진상하, 陳相夏, 1885 – ?)
Daughter : Lyuh Nan-gu (여난구, 呂鸞九, 1923 – ?), Dropped out
Ewha Womans University due to heart disease