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Extinct family of worm-like animals
The Luolishaniidae
[5] or Luolishaniida
[Note 1] are a group of
Cambrian and
Ordovician
[6]
lobopodians with anterior 5 or 6 pairs of setiferous lobopods.
[1]
[3]
[2] Most luolishaniids also have posterior lobopods each with a hooked claws, and thorn-shaped sclerites arranged as three or more per trunk segment.
[4]
[1]
[2] The type genus is based on
Luolishania longicruris Hou and Chen, 1989, from the
Chengjiang Lagerstatte , South China.
[5] They are presumed to have been
benthic
suspension or filter feeders .
[4]
[1]
[3]
[2]
New specimens of the previously enigmatic
Facivermis show that it was a sessile tube-dweller, and part of this group.
[3]
A 2023 analysis concluded, on the basis of numerous morphological similarities, that luolishaniids might be the closest known relatives of
tardigrades .
[7]
Notes
^ Caron & Aria (2020) elevated this group to the rank of order Luolishaniida, while also naming new family
Collinsovermidae within that order, containing the genera Acinocricus , Collinsium and Collinsovermis .
[2]
References
^
a
b
c
d Yang, Jie; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Gerber, Sylvain; Butterfield, Nicholas J.; Hou, Jin-bo; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang (2015-07-14).
"A superarmored lobopodian from the Cambrian of China and early disparity in the evolution of Onychophora" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 112 (28): 8678–8683.
Bibcode :
2015PNAS..112.8678Y .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.1505596112 .
ISSN
0027-8424 .
PMC
4507230 .
PMID
26124122 .
^
a
b
c
d
e Jean-Bernard Caron; Cédric Aria (2020). "The Collins' monster, a spinous suspension-feeding lobopodian from the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia". Palaeontology . 63 (6): 979–994.
doi :
10.1111/pala.12499 .
S2CID
225593728 . ; Jean-Bernard Caron; Cédric Aria (2020).
"Corrigendum: The Collins' monster, a spinous suspension-feeding lobopodian from the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia" . Palaeontology . 63 (6): 995–996.
doi :
10.1111/pala.12509 .
^
a
b
c
d
e Howard, Richard J.; Hou, Xianguang; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Salge, Tobias; Shi, Xiaomei; Ma, Xiaoya (February 2020).
"A Tube-Dwelling Early Cambrian Lobopodian" . Current Biology . 30 (8): 1529–1536.e2.
doi :
10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.075 .
PMID
32109391 .
^
a
b
c Ma, Xiaoya; Hou, Xianguang; Bergström, Jan (2009-07-01).
"Morphology of Luolishania longicruris (Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang Lagerstätte, SW China) and the phylogenetic relationships within lobopodians" . Arthropod Structure & Development . 38 (4): 271–291.
doi :
10.1016/j.asd.2009.03.001 .
ISSN
1467-8039 .
PMID
19293001 .
^
a
b Hou, X.; Bergström, J. A. N. (1995). "Cambrian lobopodians-ancestors of extant onychophorans?". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 114 : 3–19.
doi :
10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x .
^ Ou, Qiang; Mayer, Georg (2018-09-20).
"A Cambrian unarmoured lobopodian, †Lenisambulatrix humboldti gen. et sp. nov., compared with new material of †Diania cactiformis" . Scientific Reports . 8 (1): 13667.
Bibcode :
2018NatSR...813667O .
doi :
10.1038/s41598-018-31499-y .
ISSN
2045-2322 .
PMC
6147921 .
PMID
30237414 .
^ Kihm, Ji-Hoon; Smith, Frank W.; Kim, Sanghee; Rho, Hyun Soo; Zhang, Xingliang; Liu, Jianni; Park, Tae-Yoon S. (2023).
"Cambrian lobopodians shed light on the origin of the tardigrade body plan" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 120 (28): e2211251120.
doi :
10.1073/pnas.2211251120 .
PMC
10334802 .
PMID
37399417 .