The Lok Sewak Sangh ('Union of Servants of the People', abbreviated LSS), or Manbhum Lok Sewak Sangh, was a political party in Purulia District, West Bengal, India. [1] LSS was founded in 1948. [2] The party was the main political force in Purulia District from the independence of India until the fall of the second United Front cabinet. [3]
It is not to be confused with the Gandhian social movement by the same name.
LSS had been set up as a local social movement in Manbhum, by leaders like Nibaranchandra Dasgupta and Bibhuti Dasgupta, who had been released from jail in the early 1930s. [4] LSS was a Gandhian movement working for Swaraj and social reform. [4] They challenged caste hierarchies, preaching to Adivasis and Dalits to participate in social and political life on equal terms with upper caste Hindus. [4] The organization sought to fight against discrimination against lepers. [4]
LSS was constituted as a political party by former leaders of the Indian National Congress, who had played a leading role in the Quit India movement in Purulia District. [3] [5] Notable members of this group included Bibhuti Dasgupta and Arun Ghosh. [3] Through forming LSS they wanted to promote use of Bengali language in Bengali-dominated areas in southern Bihar state. [5] They labelled the imposition of Hindi language as 'linguistic imperialism'. [6] After breaking with the Indian National Congress its elected officials resigned and were re-elected on LSS tickets. [6] The party adhered to Gandhian socialism. [1]
The party contested the 1951–1952 parliamentary elections as well as the first assembly elections, being able to defeat Congress candidates in some constituencies. [5] In the election to the Lok Sabha (Lower House of the Parliament of India), LSS won the Manbhum South-cum-Dhalbum constituency, which elected two parliamentarians. [7] The LSS parliamentarians were Bhajahari Mahaton and Chaitan Manjhi. [7] LSS had fielded 4 candidates, won together mustered 309,940 votes (0.29% of the national vote). [7]
In the 1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, LSS fielded 12 candidates out of whom 7 were victorious. [8] The LSS elected legislators were Sirish Chandra Banerjee ( Baghmundi), Dimo Charmahar ( Purulia-cum-Hura), Samarendra Nath Ojha (Purulia-cum-Hura), Nitai Singh Sardar ( Manbazar-cum-Patamda), Satya Kinkar Mahata (Manbazar-cum-Patamda), Bhim Chandra Mahato ( Barabazar-cum-Chandil) and Atul Chandra Singh Bhuiya (Barabazar cum Chandil). [8] In total the 12 LSS candidates mustered 148,921 votes (1.56% of the statewide vote). [8]
Ahead of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, LSS organised a movement in 1955 to secure the transfer of Bengali-speaking areas of Bihar into West Bengal. [3] The party organized a march of satyagrahis by foot from Pakbirah village ( Manbhum District) to Calcutta, a 480 km walk. [9] The march lasted 16 days, gathering some 1,000 participants. [9] When reaching the vicinity of the West Bengal government headquarters, the march was broken up by police and participants arrested. [9] Some were jailed. [9]
After the reorganisation of the states of India in 1956, most of the areas where LSS was active became part of West Bengal. [5] As of 1956 the leader of the party was Sirish Chandra Banerjee, who became of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly in 1956. [5] In the 1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election LSS fielded candidates in all 11 assembly seats in Purulia District. [10]
LSS contested the 1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, fielding 11 candidates. LSS obtained 68,583 votes (0.72% of the statewide vote), winning 4 seats. [11]
Ahead of the 1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election LSS entered into a seat-sharing agreement with both the People's United Left Front and the United Left Front. [12] [13] After the election Bibhuti Dasgupta of LSS was named Minister for Panchayats and Social Welfare in the first United Front government. [14] [15]
LSS fielded 6 candidates in the 1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, winning 4 seats. [16] The party obtained 99,844 (0.74%). [16] After the election LSS politician Bibhuti Dasgupta was named Panchayat Minister in the second United Front cabinet. [17]
The LSS dominance over Purulia politics was broken after the fall of the United Front. [3] In the 1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election LSS fielded 11 candidates, but none was elected. [18] The party obtained 52,980 votes (0.41% of the statewide vote). [18]
The party went into rapid decline. [19] Most of its erstwhile supporters joined the Communist Party of India (Marxist). [19]
In line with Gandhian principles, LSS ran relief activities in during food scarcities, floods and other calamities. [6] It ran an auxiliary organization, Muktiyuddho Sewak Sangh, to help former freedom fighters. [6]
LSS published Mukti ('Liberation') as its weekly organ during many years. [20] [6] [21] The publication had been founded during the independence struggle. [22] Bibhuti Dasgupta, the general secretary of the party, edited Mukti. [23]
As of the early 1980s, it was issued in 1,000 copies and edited by Arun Chandra Ghosh. [20]