The Living Plume Shield or LIPS were a set of three satellites launched on Atlas rockets as secondary payloads, the primary payload consisting of NOSS Satellites. [1]
Each of the satellites was designed and tested in less than a year by the
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Spacecraft Engineering Department at their Payload Processing Facility in
Washington, D.C.
As their name suggests, all three satellites were built by utilizing the plume shield that was used to deflect the exhaust of the upper-stage motor away from the primary payload and mounting experiments on the protected anterior surfaces.
[2]
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