During the early days of the Cold War, many prominent women were listed as communists or fellow travellers in the American anti-communist publication Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television in June 1950. [1] As a result of being listed in the pages of this volume, many of these 41 women found it difficult to find employment in media industries. [2]
List
- Stella Adler: Actress, director
- Edith Atwater: Actress
- Vera Caspary: Writer, novelist [3]
- Mady Christians: Actress; council member, Actors' Equity Association [4]
- Louise Fitch: Actress
- Ruth Gordon: Actress, writer
- Shirley Graham: Musician; writer; founding member of Sojourners for Truth and Justice [5]
- Uta Hagen: Actress, teacher [6]
- Lillian Hellman: Playwright, author [7]
- Rose Hobart: Actress; board member, Screen Actors' Guild [8]
- Judy Holliday: Actress [9]
- Lena Horne: Singer, actress [10]
- Marsha Hunt: Actress [11]
- Donna Keath: Actress
- Pert Kelton: Actress
- Adelaide Klein: Actress
- Gypsy Rose Lee: Burlesque artist; quiz show host; recording secretary American Guild of Variety Artists [12]
- Madeline Lee: Actress, social activist [13]
- Ray Lev: Concert pianist
- Ella Logan: Singer
- Aline MacMahon: Actress
- Margo, sometimes known as Margo Albert: Actress, dancer
- Jean Muir: Actress [14]
- Meg Mundy: Actress
- Dorothy Parker: Writer; co-founder Hollywood Anti-Nazi League [15]
- Minerva Pious: Actress
- Anne Revere: Actress; secretary, Screen Actors Guild
- Selena Royle: Actress
- Hazel Scott: Musician, actress [16]
- Lisa Sergio: Radio commentator [17]
- Ann Shepherd: Actress
- Gale Sondergaard: Actress
- Hester Sondergaard: Actress
- Helen Tamiris: Choreographer
- Betty Todd: Director; secretary, Radio and Television Directors Guild
- Hilda Vaughn: Actress
- Fredi Washington: Actress; journalist, The People's Voice; secretary, Negro Actors Guild of America
- Margaret Webster: Author, director, producer [18]
- Ireene Wicker: Radio show host
- Betty Winkler: Actress
- Lesley Woods: Actress
- Adelaide Bean: Actress
References
- ^ Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television. New York, NY: Counterattack. 1950.
- ^ Stabile, Carol (2018). The Broadcast 41: Women and the Anti-Communist Blacklist. London: Goldsmiths Press. ISBN 978-1-906897-87-1.
- ^ Caspary, Vera (1968). The Rosecrest Cell. London: W.H. Allen.
- ^ Barranger, Millie (2008). Unfriendly Witnesses: Gender, Theater, and Film in the McCarthy Era. Southern Illinois University Press.
- ^ Horne, Gerald (2015). Race Woman: The Lives of Shirley Graham Du Bois. New York University Press.
- ^ Gussow, Mel (2004). "Uta Hagen, Tony-Winning Broadway Star and Teacher of Actors, Dies at 84". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
- ^ Alice., Kessler-Harris (2012). A difficult woman : the challenging life and times of Lillian Hellman. New York: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 9781608193950. OCLC 738346448.
- ^ Hobart, Rose (1994). A Steady Digression to a Fixed Point. Scarecrow Press.
- ^ Gary., Carey (1982). Judy Holliday, an intimate life story (1st ed.). New York: Seaview Books. ISBN 0872237575. OCLC 8194852.
- ^ Horne, Lena (1965). Lena. New York, NY: Doubleday.
- ^ "Marsha Hunt at 100: The Actress Recalls the Blacklist, Film Noir and Being Cast in Gone With The Wind - MovieMaker Magazine". MovieMaker Magazine. 2017-10-13. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
- ^ Frankel, Noralee (2010). Stripping gypsy : the life of Gypsy Rose Lee. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199754335. OCLC 658003848.
- ^ Lee, Madeline (August 22, 1955). "Madeline Lee's Statement to the Witchhunters". The Daily Worker.
- ^ Muir, Jean. Autobiography. University of Oregon Special Collections and University Archives: unpublished.
- ^ Meade, Marion (1989). Dorothy Parker : what fresh hell is this?. New York: Penguin. ISBN 9780140116168. OCLC 18351200.
- ^ Karen., Chilton (2008). Hazel Scott : the pioneering journey of a jazz pianist from Café Society to Hollywood to HUAC. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 9780472115679. OCLC 179794223.
- ^ Spaulding, Stacy (2005-12-05). LISA SERGIO: HOW MUSSOLINI'S "GOLDEN VOICE" OF PROPAGANDA CREATED AN AMERICAN MASS COMMUNICATION CAREER (Ph.D. thesis). Retrieved January 29, 2024.
- ^ Barranger, Milly (2004). Margaret Webster: A Life in the Theater. University of Michigan.
Further reading
- Stabile, Carol (2018). The Broadcast 41: Women and the Anti-Communist Blacklist. Goldsmiths Press. ISBN 978-1-91268542-4.