This is a list of wars and armed conflicts fought by the Kingdom of Spain, its predecessor states or in Spanish territory.
Ancient
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Barcid conquest of Hispania
(237–218 BC) Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Iberians | Carthaginian Empire | Carthaginian Victory
|
|
Roman conquest of Hispania (220–17 BC)
Location: Iberian Peninsula, Western Europe, Italian Peninsula, North Africa and Mediterranean Sea |
Pre-Roman Iberia
Roman popularis exiles |
Roman Republic
Celtic tribes vassal to Rome |
Roman Victory
|
|
Siege of Saguntum
(219 BC) Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Saguntines | Carthaginian Empire | Carthaginian Victory
|
|
Second Punic War
(218–201 BC)
Location: Iberian Peninsula, North Africa and Mediterranean Sea |
Carthaginian Empire
Allies:
|
Roman Republic
Allies:
|
Roman Victory
|
|
Indibilis and Mandonius Revolt
(206–205 BC)
|
Ilergetes
Ausetani
Sedetani
Celtiberians
|
Roman Republic
|
Roman Victory |
|
Iberian revolt
(197–195 BC)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Iberian rebels:
|
Roman victory and re-establishes of control over Hispania | |
|
First Celtiberian War
(181–179 BC)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Celtiberian tribes |
Roman Republic
|
Roman Victory
|
|
Second Celtiberian War
(154–151 BC)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Celtiberian tribes |
Roman Republic
|
Roman Victory
|
|
Lusitanian War
(155–139 BC)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Roman Republic
Celtic tribes vassal to Rome |
Lusitanian tribes
Celtic tribes |
Roman Victory |
|
Numantine War
(143–133 BC)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Roman Republic
|
Roman Victory
| |
|
Roman conquest of Gallaecia
(132–19 BC)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Gallaeci |
Roman Republic
|
Roman Victory |
|
Roman conquest of Majorca
(123–121 BC)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Balearic slinger |
Roman Republic
|
Roman Victory |
|
Sertorian War
(80–72 BC) Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Roman
popularis exiles
Native Iberians Native Celts Native Aquitanians |
Roman Senate | Roman Senate Victory |
|
Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC)
Location: Hispania, Italia, Graecia, Illyria, Aegyptus, Africa |
Pompeians | Caesarians | Caesarian victory. |
|
Cantabrian Wars
(29–19 BC)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Astures |
Roman Empire
|
Roman Victory |
|
Crisis of the Third Century
(235–285 AD) Location: Western Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, North Africa, Middle East |
Roman Empire
|
Roman usurpers
Sasanian Persia Germanic tribes |
Roman Victory
|
| Invasions in the West of the Empire
(258–260) Location: Western Europe and Southern Europe |
Roman Empire
|
Franks | Roman Victory and invasion repelled |
|
Crossing of the Rhine
(406–411)
Location: Western Europe and Southern Europe |
Western Roman Empire
|
Sarmatian and Germanic Barbarians | Defeat
|
| Invasion of Roman Gallaecia by the
Germanic
Suebi
(409)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Hispania
|
Germanics | Defeat
|
| Invasion of Hispania by the Germanic
Vandals
(409) Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Hispania
|
Germanics | Defeat
|
| Invasion of Hispania by the Germanic
Visigoths
(410) Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Hispania
|
Germanics | Defeat
|
|
Visigothic Campaign on Hispania
(416–418)
Location: Iberian Peninsula and Southern France |
Western Roman Empire
|
Vandals | Roman-Visigothic Victory
|
|
War between The Suevi and the Hasdingi Vandals
(419)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Suebi | Hasdingi Vandals | Roman-Suevi Victory |
|
Vandal War in Hispania
(422) Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Hispania
|
Hasdingi Vandals | Roman defeat
|
| Vandal pirate incursions on the Mediterranean
[2]
(424–429) Location: Iberian Peninsula, North Africa and Balearic Islands |
Hispania
|
Hasdingi Vandals | Vandal success in their piracy activities. |
| War between the Alans and the Suevi
(428) Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Suebi | Sarmatian Alans | Defeat at the Battle of Mérida. |
| War between the Visigoths and the Vandal–Alanic alliance
(429)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Visigothic Kingdom
|
Vandals | Visigoth victory
|
|
Bagaudae Revolts
(284–456) |
Western Roman Empire
|
Bagaudae
|
Roman victory |
|
Gothic War in Spain (456)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Western Roman Empire
|
Suebi |
Visigothic victory
|
|
Gothic War (457–458)
Location: Iberian Peninsula and Gallia |
Western Roman Empire
|
Visigothic Kingdom
|
Roman Victory
|
|
Roman reconquest of Hispania
(459–461)
Location: Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean Sea |
Western Roman Empire
|
Suebi | Inconclusive
|
| Visigoth invasion of Hispania
(461)
Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Hispania
|
Visigothic Kingdom
|
Indecisive |
| Visigoth conquest of Hispania
(469–474) Location: Iberian Peninsula |
Hispania
|
Visigothic Kingdom
|
Visigoth victory
|
Medieval
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Catholic Monarchy
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Habsburg Spain
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Bourbon Spain
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Restoration
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Second Spanish Republic
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Casualties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anarchist insurrections against Spanish Republic
(1932–37)
Location: Spain |
Spanish Republic
Communist Party of Spain
Supported by |
CNT-
FAI
Anarchist commune (1937) |
1° Victory of the Spanish State and repression of
Spanish Anarchists. Divission between moderates which wanted to collaborate with Spanish Republic (
Treintists and
Possibilists of the
Syndicalist Party) and Radicals opposed to the State (Faístas).
2° Truce between Anarchists and Republicans during Spanish Revolution of 1936. 3° Anarchists, Anarcho-Syndicalists Libertarian socialist and Libertarian Communism are defeated by Marxists Communists, Leninists and Stalinists during the internal conflict between left-wing groups during Spanish Civil War. |
|
| Communists revolts during Spanish Republic
(1932) |
Spanish Republic
|
Communist Party of Spain
|
Victory of the Spanish moderate left | |
| Militar Reactions against Spanish Republic (1932) |
Spanish Republic
|
Monarchical and Right-Wing rebel forces | Victory of the Spanish Republic | |
Revolution of 1934
Location: Spain |
Spanish Republic
|
Asturian Workers Alliance
Catalan State
|
Victory
|
|
|
Extremaduran peasant rebellion
(1936)Location: Spain ( Extremadura) |
Spanish Republic
|
[[Unión General de Trabajadores| UGT]]
|
Peasant victory | 0 |
|
Spanish Civil War (1936–39)
Location: Spain |
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Spain Republic
Supported by: Volunteers |
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Rebel or Nationalist faction
|
Nationalist faction victory
|
500,000–1,000,000 dead |
|
1936 uprising in Spanish Guinea
(1936)
Location: Modern Equatorial Guinea |
Spain Republic
|
Clerical Insurgents
|
Rebel victory
|
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Francoist Spain
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Casualties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Spanish Maquis (1939–1965) Location: Spain |
Francoist SpainSupported by: 
Nazi Germany (1939–1945) 
Fascist Italy (1939–1943) 
United States (after 1953) |
Republican Partisans Supported by: 
French Resistance (1940–1944)
Italian Resistance (1943–1945)
Soviet Union (until 1956)
|
Francoist Victory. Decline and eventual extinction of Maquis activity | |
|
Spanish occupation of Tangier (1940–1945)
Location: North Africa ( Morocco) |
Spain
|
Tangier International Zone
|
Inconclusive
|
|
|
Eastern Front (World War II) (1941–1945) Volunteers only Location: Europe |
Axis powers
Axis puppet states Co-belligerents |
Allies
Former Axis powers or co-belligerents Aerial and naval only
Volunteers |
Soviet-allied victory | 22,700 |
|
Ifni War (1957–1958) Location: North Africa ( Morocco) |
Spain
 France
|
Morocco
|
Victory | 190 dead |
|
Basque Conflict (1959–1975) Location: Spain ( Basque Country) |
Spain
|
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
|
Inconclusive
|
|
Zemla Intifada (1970)
Location: Africa, Western Sahara |
Spain
|
Movement for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab
|
Victory
|
|
|
Western Sahara Revolt (1973–75)
Location: Africa, Western Sahara |
Spain
|
Polisario Front of National Liberation
Support: |
Inconclusive
|
|
Green March (1975)
Location: Africa( Western Sahara and Morocco) |
Spain
|
Morocco
|
Inconclusive
|
Modern
| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Basque Conflict (1975–2011) Location: Basque Country region ( Spain and France) |
 Spain FranceSupported by: 
European Union United Kingdom United States Canada
|
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
|
Victory
|
|
As Encrobas Conflict
(1975–2007) |
Spain
|
Peasant revolters | Inconclusive
|
|
Búnker's Confrontations
(1975–early 1980s) |
Spain
Democratic Junta of Spain
Limited Support:
|
Neo-Francoists
Limited Support:
|
Democratical victory
|
|
Bonito War
(1990s) Location: Atlantic Ocean |
Spain
|
United Kingdom France
|
Inconclusive
|
|
Gulf War (1991) Location: Persian Gulf ( Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia) |
Kuwait
United States
United Kingdom
Spain
Saudi Arabia
France
Egypt
Syria
|
Ba'athist Iraq
|
Victory
|
|
Somali Civil War (1992–1995) Location: East Africa ( Somalia) |
 United States United Kingdom Spain
Saudi Arabia
Malaysia
Pakistan Italy
India
Greece Germany France Canada
Botswana Belgium Australia
|
Somalia
|
Victory
|
|
Bosnian intervention (1992–1996)
Location: Balkans ( Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
NATO
United Nations Protection Force
|
Yugoslavia
|
Victory
|
|
Turbot War (1994–1996)
Location: Grand Banks of Newfoundland and English Channel |
Spain
European Union
|
Canada
|
Defeat
|
|
Kosovo War (1998–99)
|
KLA
|
Yugoslavia
|
Victory
|
1999 East Timorese crisis (1999–2005)
|
East Timor
|
Pro-Indonesia militias
Supported by: |
Victory
|
|
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Location: Afghanistan |
Afghanistan
ISAF
|
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
|
Defeat
|
|
Operation Active Endeavour
(2001–2016)
|
NATO
Non-NATO:
|
Unspecified terrorist and smuggling groups | "Victory"
|
|
Perejil Island crisis (2002) Location: North Africa, Perejil Island |
Spain
|
Morocco
|
Victory
|
|
Iraq War (2003–04) Location: Middle East ( Iraq) |
MNF–I
Iraq after the fall of
Saddam Hussein
Iraqi Kurdistan
|
Iraq under
Saddam Hussein
|
Coalition victory |
|
Operation Atalanta
(2008–)
|
European Union (
European Union Training Mission in Somalia)
Non EU: |
Somali pirates | Ongoing |
|
Boko Haram insurgency (2009–) Location: Sub-Saharan Africa (Mostly Nigeria) |
Nigeria
Cameroon
Chad 
NigerSupported by: 
African Union Belgium
Benin Canada China
Colombia France
Iran
Israel Italy Spain United Kingdom United States
|
Boko Haram
|
Ongoing |
|
Libyan intervention (2011) Location: North Africa, Libya |
Many NATO members acting under
UN mandate
and
Anti-Gaddafi forces
 several
Arab League states
|
 Pro-
Gaddafi forces
|
Victory
|
|
2012 Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera incident (2012)
Location: North Africa, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera |
Spain
|
Morocco
|
Victory
|
|
Mali War (2012–)
Location: West Africa (Mostly Mali) |
 France
Mali
Chad Spain
[130]
|
Ansar Dine
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb |
Ongoing |
|
Central African Republic Civil War (2012–)
Location: Central Africa |
Central African Republic
Formerly: 
South Africa (2013)MISCA (2013–2014)
MICOPAX (2008–2013) |
Coalition of Patriots for Change (since 2020)
Defunct groups:
RJ (2013–2018)
MNLC (2017–2019)
MLCJ (2008–2022)
RPRC (2014–2022)
|
Ongoing |
|
Military intervention against ISIL (2014–)
Location: Muslim world ( Middle East and North Africa, Caucasus and Southeast Asia) |
 United States Belgium (2014–17)
Denmark
Sweden France Germany  Italy
Turkey (2014–17) Netherlands
Jordan
Morocco (2014–16) Spain
[141]
[142] United Kingdom
|
ISIL
|
Ongoing |
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See also
- Military history of Spain
- List of Spanish colonial wars in Morocco
- Anglo-Spanish War (disambiguation)
- Franco-Spanish War (disambiguation)
- Spanish–Portuguese War (disambiguation)
- Ottoman-Spanish War (disambiguation)
- Ottoman-Habsburg Wars
- Contemporary history of Spain
Notes
- ^ Fought against England during Despenser's Crusade.
- ^ Fought with England during the Caroline War.
- ^ Fought with England during Despenser's Crusade.
- ^ a b c d e f 1936–1937, then merged into FET y de las JONS
- ^ The only party under Francisco Franco from 1937 onward, a merger of the other factions on the Nationalist side.
References
- ^ Orosius, Histories against the Pagans, vi.21.
- ^ Álvarez Jiménez, David (2016). El reino pirata de los vándalos. Editorial Universidad de Sevilla. ISBN 978-84-472-1851-6.
- ^ Wise Bauer, Susan (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 369. ISBN 978-0-393-07817-6
- ^ Dupuy, R. Ernest; Dupuy, Trevor N. (1986). The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 B.C. to the Present (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row Publishers. ISBN 0-06-181235-8
- ^ Thomas F. Glick. Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. (Princeton, Princeton University Press), p. 38
- ^ Abbasid–Carolingian alliance
- ^ Solmi, Arrigo (1917). Studi storici sulle istituzioni della Sardegna nel medio evo (in Italian). Presso la Società storica sarda.
- ^ a b D. K (October 2009). War. Dorling Kindersley Limited. ISBN 9781405347785.
-
^ Devic, Claude (1670-1734) Auteur du texte; Vaissette, Joseph (1685-1756) Auteur du texte; Du Mège, Alexandre (1780-1862) Auteur du texte (1840–1846).
Histoire générale de Languedoc : avec des notes et les pièces justificatives, composée sur les auteurs et les titres originaux.... T. 4 / par dom Claude de Vic et dom Vaissète,... ; commentée et continuée jusqu'en 1830, et augmentée d'un grand nombre de chartes et de documens inédits par M. le chev. Al. Du Mège...
{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link) - ^ Catalans, Institut d'Estudis; Històrico-Arqueològica, Secció (19 August 2009). Tractats i negociacions diplomàtiques de Catalunya i de la Corona catalanoaragonesa a l'edat mitjana: Volum: 1.1. Tractats i negociacions diplomàtiques amb Occitània, França i els estats italians, 1067-1213 (in Catalan). Institut d'Estudis Catalans. ISBN 978-84-92583-78-2.
- ^ Mestre i Campi, Jesús (1993). Diccionari d'història de Catalunya. Edicions 62. ISBN 978-84-297-3521-5.
- ^ Schäfer, Heinrich (1840). Histoire de Portugal: depuis sa séperation de la Castille jusqu'à nos jours (in French). Parent-Desbarres.
- ^ a b c d e f https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10871/19284/Tindal-RobertsonC.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- ^ a b Heath, Ian (5 June 2016). Armies of Feudal Europe 1066–1300. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781326686215.
- ^ Pérez Martín, Antonio (19 April 2024). "Veas Arteseros, Francisco de Asís. Alfonso X y Murcia: El Rey y el Reino. Murcia: Consejería de Cultura de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia, Ayuntamiento de Murcia, Caja Mediterráneo, 2009. 203 pp". Anuario de Historia del Derecho Español (81): 1151–1153.
- ^ "Duitsland §6. Geschiedenis". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002.
- ^ Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce Alan (2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Infobase Publishing. p. 232. ISBN 9781438110257.
- ^ Setton, Kenneth M. (1975). Catalan domination of Athens, 1311–1388. Variorum. hdl: 2027/heb03015.0001.001. ISBN 978-0-902089-77-8.
- ^ http://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/0050042.xml
- ^ a b "Castile, Aragon, Granada, and Portugal 1250–1400".
- ^ Philippe Contamine, War in the Middle Ages, p.257 (citing Hillgarth, The Spanish Kingdoms, i.342)
- ^ White, Matthew (7 November 2011). Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393083309.
- ^ "De La Rochelle al saqueo e incendio de Londres por la flota castellana: la batalla que humilló a los ingleses". larazon.es (in Spanish). 21 June 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ Brule, Álvaro Van den (14 September 2013). "Fernando Sánchez de Tovar, el castellano que remontó el Támesis y saqueó Londres". elconfidencial.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ Togores, Luis E. (30 September 2021). "El día que los españoles invadieron Inglaterra". El Debate (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 April 2024.
- ^ https://www.ahlm.es/IndicesActas/ActasPdf/Actas15/Alicant-El%20Infante%20Luis%20de%20Navarra%20la%20Conquista%20de%20Albania.pdf
- ^ Mestre i Campi, Jesús (Dir.). Diccionari d'Història de Catalunya. Edicions 62, 1998, pp. 658–659, entrada: «Martí I». ISBN 84-297-3521-6
- ^ Vilar, Pierre (Dir.); Batlle, Carme. Història de Catalunya. Volum III. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 1988. ISBN 84-297-2784-1
- ^ Turan, Tufan (2012). "Ottoman-Spanish Relations from Struggle to Truce (1301-1581)". History Studies International Journal of History. 4 (3): 408–418. doi: 10.9737/hist_572.
- ^ Salrach, Josep M; Termes, Josep. Diccionari d'Història de Catalunya. ed.62, 1992.
- ^ a b c d e Tuchman, Barbara W. (1978). A Distant Mirror: the Calamitous 14th Century. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-345-28394-5.
- ^ The Crusades and the military orders: expanding the frontiers of latin christianity; Zsolt Hunyadi page 226
- ^ Valerii︠a︡ Fol, Bulgaria: History Retold in Brief, (Riga, 1999), 103.
- ^ Bell, Adrian. "English Members of the Order of the Passion: Their Political, Diplomatic and Military Significance". In Philippe de Mézières and His Age, (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012) doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004211445_018 "whether his influence encouraged the involvement of an English force at the battle of Nicopolis in 1396"
- ^ Belhatem, Romaissa, and Fatima Maameri. "British foreign policy towards the Ottoman empire." (2019). p.6. "In fact, the English contributed a thousand crusaders under Lord Huntington"
- ^ Alexandru Madgearu, The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins, ed. Martin Gordon, (Scarecrow Press, 2008), 90.
- ^ Marinescu, Constantin (1994). La politique orientale d'Alfonse V d'Aragon, roi de Naples (1416-1458) (in French). Institut d'Estudis Catalans. ISBN 978-84-7283-276-3.
- ^ Pastor, José Manuel Azcona; Abdiu, Majlinda (2020). La política exterior de la Corona de Aragón en los Balcanes (1416-1478): la Albania de Skanderbeg y la guerra contra los turcos (in Spanish). Ommpress. ISBN 978-84-17387-59-4.
- ^ a b Osmanlı Kaynaklarına Göre Fatih Sultan Mehmed'in Siyasi ve Askeri Faaliyeti Selahattin Tansel
- ^ "Mehmed II".
- ^ a b c "Haçli Koali̇syonu Ve Fâti̇h Sultan Mehmed".
- ^ TSK (1986). Battle of Otlukbeli (PDF). p. 17.
- ^ Quesada, Miguel Ángel Ladero (1 January 2000). "Portugueses en la frontera de Granada". En la España Medieval (in Spanish). 23: 67. ISSN 1988-2971.
- ^ Portuguese expedition to Otranto
- ^ a b c Jaques, Tony (19 January 2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313335396 – via Google Books.
- ^ Nicholson, Helen J. (19 January 2004). The Crusades. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313326851 – via Google Books.
- ^ Ramerini, Marco (16 February 2014). "The Portuguese in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore". Colonial Voyage. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ^ Ramerini, Marco (16 February 2014). "The Spanish Presence in the Moluccas: Ternate and Tidore". Colonial Voyage. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Ramerini, Marco (15 May 2023). "Moluccas 2 – The conquest of Ternate, 1606". Colonial Voyage. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Ramerini, Marco (1 January 2005). "The Spanish presence in the Moluccas: The fortifications of Ternate – Ramerini Marco". colonialvoyage.com (First published: 2005).
- ^ 1527 election in Cetin
- ^ Norwegian Catholic nobles supported Christian II.
- ^ Norwegian nobles supported, fought and send troops to aid in the war.
- ^ a b c d e f Levy, Jack S. (15 July 2014). War in the Modern Great Power System: 1495–1975. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813163659 – via Google Books.
- ^ "MÉXICO EN LA CONQUISTA DE FILIPINAS". exploramex.com. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ Ottoman embassy to Aceh
- ^ Tampico, Vladimir Meza | El Sol de. "La batalla de Cagayán, tlaxcaltecas contra piratas y ¿samuráis?". El Sol de Tampico | Noticias Locales, Policiacas, sobre México, Tamaulipas y el Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ "Intrigue in Longvek- Iberians in 16th Century Cambodia ⋆ Cambodia News English". Cambodia News English. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
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