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This is a list of wars involving the Italian Republic and its predecessor states since the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy on 17 March 1861, but does not include wars fought by the historic states of Italy. The result of these conflicts follows this legend:

  Italian victory
  Italian defeat
  Another result (e.g., a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict

Ancient Rome

Italian Wars of Unification

The Risorgimento movement emerged to unite Italy in the 19th century. Piedmont-Sardinia took the lead in a series of wars to liberate Italy from foreign control. Following three Wars of Italian Independence against the Habsburg Austrians in the north, the Expedition of the Thousand against the Spanish Bourbons in the south, and the Capture of Rome, the unification of the country was completed in 1871 when Rome was declared capital of Italy.

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents Outcome
Combatant 1 Combatant 2
1848 1849 First Italian War of Independence Kingdom of Sardinia

Supported by:

Austrian Empire Austrian Empire
Lombardy–Venetia
France French Republic

Kingdom of Two Sicilies
Papal States
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Austrian-French Victory
1853 1856 Crimean War France
  Ottoman Empire   Britain [a]
Kingdom of Sardinia Sardinia [b]
Supported by:
  Austrian Empire
Caucasus Imamate [c]
Circassia
Abkhazia [b]
Russian Empire Russian Empire Kurdish rebels
Greece Greece [d]
Allied Victory
1859 1859 Second Italian War of Independence Second French Empire French Empire
Kingdom of Sardinia
Support:
United Principalities
Austrian Empire Austrian Empire
Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
Italian Victory, Armistice of Villafranca (12 July 1859)
1860 1861 Expedition of the Thousand Kingdom of Sardinia Sardinia   Two Sicilies
Supported by
Papal States Papal States
Second French Empire France
Spain
Italian Victory:
  • Sicily, Southern Italy, Marche and Umbria annexed by Sardinia
  • Collapse of Two Sicilies
  • Foundation of the Kingdom of Italy
1861 1865 Brigandage in Southern Italy   Italy Southern Italian Briganti
Bourbon legitimists
Spanish partisans
Italian Victory
1866 1866 Third Italian War of Independence   Italy   Austrian Empire Austrian withdrawal after defeat in the northern front: [1]

Armistice of Cormons and Treaty of Vienna:

1866 1866 The Seven and a Half Days Revolt   Italy Palermitan Rebels Italian Victory, rebellion suppressed
1870 1870 Capture of Rome   Italy   Papal States Italian Victory, Debellation of the Papal States.

Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946)

Start Finish Name of conflict Belligerents Outcome
Combatant 1 Combatant 2
1885 1895 Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889 [2]   Italy   Ethiopia
Mahdist Sudan
Italian Victory, establishment of Italian Eritrea.
1889 1920 Pacification of Somalia [3]   Italy Various rebels
Dervish State
Italian Victory, consolidation of Italian Somaliland.
1890 1894 Mahdist War   Italy Mahdist Sudan Italian Victory
All Sudanese invasions repulsed
Italians take Kassala
1895 1896 First Italo-Ethiopian War   Italy   Ethiopia Inconclusive/Other OutcomeTreaty of Addis Ababa:
  • Ethiopia recognised as independent country by Italy.
  • Italy abrogates the Treaty of Wuchale with the establishment of a corridor between Eritrea and Italian Somaliland
1896 1925 Bīmāl revolt   Italy Bimaal Rebels Italian Victory
  • Suppression of the Bimaal revolt
1897 1897 Greco-Turkish War (1897) Kingdom of Greece Greece   Ottoman Empire Turkish Victory
1897 1898 Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) ( International Squadron (Cretan intervention, 1897–1898)) Cretan revolutionaries
Kingdom of Greece
  British Empire
  France
Kingdom of Italy Italy
  Russian Empire
  Austria-Hungary (until April 12, 1898)
  German Empire (until March 16th, 1898)
  Ottoman Empire Italian Victory
  • Establishment of the Cretan State.
  • Withdraw of Ottoman forces from Crete.
1899 1901 Boxer Rebellion British Empire United Kingdom

  Japan
  Russia
France France
  United States
  Germany
  Italy
  Austria-Hungary

Righteous Harmony Society

  Manchu-China

Italian Allied Victory, Boxer Protocol:
1900 1920 Somaliland Campaign   Italy
  United Kingdom
Dervish movement
  Ethiopian Empire
Italian-British Victory
  • Collapse of the Dervish state
1902 1903 Venezuelan naval blockade United Kingdom United Kingdom
German Empire Germany
Italy Italy
Venezuela Venezuela Inconclusive/Other Outcome
  • Venezuelan debt dispute resolved
1911 1912 Italo-Turkish War   Italy   Ottoman Empire Italian Victory:
1911 1917 Italo-Senussi War   Italy Senussi Order
  Ottoman Empire
Italian Victory:
  • Extension of Italian control in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica
1912 1913 First Balkan War Balkan League:
  Bulgaria
  Serbia
  Greece
  Montenegro
Kingdom of Italy Italian volunteers
  Russia
  Ottoman Empire
  Austria-Hungary
Balkan League Victory:
1914 1918 World War I Allied Powers

  France
  British Empire

  Russia
  United States
  Italy
  Japan
  China
  Serbia
  Montenegro
  Romania
  Belgium
  Greece
  Portugal
  Brazil

Central Powers

  Germany
  Austria-Hungary
  Ottoman Empire
  Bulgaria

Italian Allied Victory:

Russia pulls out in 1917

  • Russian Civil War

Creation of League of Nations

1918 1920 Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War

Russia White Movement
  British Empire

  United States
France France
  Italy
  Japan
  Czechoslovakia
  Greece
  Estonia
  Serbia
  Poland
  Romania
  China

  Russian SFSR
  Far Eastern Republic
Latvian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
Commune of Estonia
Mongolian Communists

Bolshevik Victory:
1918 1923 Occupation of Constantinople   United Kingdom
  France
  Italy
  Ottoman Empire Temporary occupation
1919 1923 Turkish War of Independence   Ottoman Empire
  Soviet Russia
  Italy [8]
  United Kingdom
  France
  Greece
  Armenia
  Georgia
Italian Allied Victory
1920 1920 Vlora War   Italy Albania Principality of Albania Italian withdrawal after Bersaglieri riots; Armistice
  • Italy withdraws from Albania except in Saseno Island
1920 1920 Bloody Christmas   Italy Italian Regency of Carnaro Italian Victory:
1921 1921 Anti-fascist uprising in Albona   Italy Labin Republic Italian Victory:
  • Fall of the Labin Republic
  • Italian re-annexation of Labin
1923 1932 Pacification of Libya   Italy Senussi Order Italian Victory:
  • Stabilization of Italian rule in Libya.
  • Ethnic cleansing of the Cyrenaican indigenous population.
  • Mass deaths of Cyrenaican indigenous civilians.
1924 1927 Pacification of Italian Somaliland   Italy Somali rebels Italian Victory:
  • All-out defeat of Somali rebels
  • The independent Majeerteen Sultanate is brutally suppressed in 1927, finalizing the Italian occupation of Somalia.
1924 1940 Italian conquest of the Horn of Africa   Italy Sultanate of Hobyo

Majeerteen Sultanate
  Ethiopian Empire
  Britain

Italian Victory:
  • Italian conquest of the Horn of Africa.
1935 1937 Second Italo-Abyssinian War   Italy   Ethiopian Empire Italian Victory:
1936 1939 Spanish Civil War Spain Nationalist

  Italy
  Germany
Portugal
Foreign volunteers

Second Spanish Republic Republican

Foreign volunteers
  Soviet Union (1936–1938)
  Mexico

Italian Allied Victory
1939 1939 Invasion of Albania   Italy Albania Albania Italian Victory, Italian occupation of Albania.
1939 1945 World War II Axis Powers

  Germany
  Japan
  Italy (until 1943)
  Italian Social Republic
(from 23 Sep. 1943)
  Hungary
  Romania (until 1944)
  Bulgaria (until 1944)
Serbia (until 1944)
  Slovakia
  Croatia
  Finland (until 1944)
Vichy France
  Thailand
  Manchukuo
  Mengjiang

Allied Powers

  United States
  Soviet Union
  United Kingdom
  China
France France
Poland Poland
  Canada
  Australia
  New Zealand
  India
  South Africa
  Yugoslavia
  Greece
  Denmark
  Norway
  Netherlands
  Belgium
  Luxembourg
  Czechoslovakia
  Brazil
  Mexico
  Ethiopia
  Italy (from 1943)
  Romania (from 1944)
  Bulgaria (from 1944)
  Finland (from 1944)

'United Nations' Allied victory:

Italian Republic (1946-present)

Start Finish Name of Conflict Belligerents Outcome
Combatant 1 Combatant 2
1982 1984 Multinational Force in Lebanon   Italy

  United States
  France
  United Kingdom

Islamic Jihad Organization
Iran Iran
  Syria
Progressive Socialist Party
Amal Movement
Syrian Allied Victory
1991 1991 Gulf War   Kuwait

  United States
  Saudi Arabia
  France
  Egypt
  Syria
  United Kingdom
  Italy
Other Allies

Iraq Italian Allied Victory
  • Kuwait regains its independence
1992 1995 Bosnian War Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Croatia
  Belgium
  Canada
  Denmark
  France
  Germany
  Italy
  Luxembourg
  Netherlands
  Norway
  Portugal
  Spain
  Turkey
  United Kingdom
  United States
  Republika Srpska Italian Allied Victory
  • Dayton Accords
  • Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords
  • Deployment of NATO-led IFOR to oversee the peace agreement
  • Massive civilian casualties for the Bosniak ethnic group
1992 1995 Somali Civil War   United States
  United Kingdom
  Italy
  Saudi Arabia
  Malaysia
  Pakistan
  Spain
  India
  Greece
  Germany
  France
  Canada
  Botswana
  Belgium
  Australia
Somalia Various Somali factions UN withdrawal
  • UN withdrawal.
  • About 100,000 lives were saved by outside resistance.
  • Civil war is ongoing.
1997 1997 Albanian Civil War
( Operation Alba)
Albania Government of Sali Berisha

( Operation Alba)

( Operation Libelle)

( Operation Silver Wake)

Albania Rebels Italian Allied Victory

New Parliamentary Elections.

1998 1999 Kosovo War   United States

  France
  Canada
  Denmark
  Germany
  Italy
Kosovo Liberation Army

  Yugoslavia Italian Allied Victory
  • Kosovo occupied by Nato forces
  • Kosovo administered by UNMIK
2001 2001 2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia National Liberation Army
  NATO
  Republic of Macedonia

Supported by:
  Ukraine [11] [12] [13](main arms supply)
  Bulgaria (arms supply)
Serbia and Montenegro FR Yugoslavia (arms supply)
  Russia (arm supply and Contractors)

Inconclusive/Other Outcome
  • Ohrid Agreement
  • Macedonian offensive stopped by NATO involvement
  • Ceasefire established
  • The majority of Albanian insurgents agree to disarm in exchange for greater ethnic rights
  • Low intensity resurgence since November 2001
2001 2021 Afghanistan War   Afghanistan
  United States
  United Kingdom
  Italy
  Germany
  France
  Canada
  Australia
  New Zealand
  Georgia
  Poland
  Romania
  Turkey

Afghanistan Northern Alliance

Afghanistan Taliban
al-Qaeda
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
HI-Gulbuddin
Hezb-e Islami Khalis
Haqqani network
Lashkar-e-Taiba
Jaish-e-Mohammed
East Turkestan Islamic Movement
Afghanistan Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Islamic Emirate of Waziristan
Afghanistan Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi
Islamic Jihad Union

  Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Defeat
2003 2006 Iraq War   Iraq
  Iraqi Kurdistan

Multi-National Force – Iraq:
  United States
  United Kingdom
  Italy
  Australia
  New Zealand
  Spain
  Netherlands
  Poland
  South Korea
  Ukraine
  Georgia
Other Allies

Islamic State of Iraq
al-Qaeda
Various insurgents

  Ba'athist Iraq

Italian Allied Victory
2011 2011 First Libyan Civil War Many NATO NATO members acting under United Nations UN mandate, including:

  United States
  France
  Denmark
  Italy
  Canada
and
Libya Anti-Gaddafi forces
Arab League several Arab League states
Sweden Sweden

  Libya Italian Allied Victory

See also

Notes

  1. ^ From 1854
  2. ^ a b From 1855
  3. ^ Until 1855
  4. ^ Until 1854

References

  1. ^ Milan Vego (23 November 2004). Naval Strategy and Operations in Narrow Seas. p. 149. ISBN  9781135777159.
  2. ^ Indro Montanelli, Storia d'Italia, vol. 6 1861 - 1919, RCS Libri S.p.A., 2006
  3. ^ Pacification of Somalia.
  4. ^ Kokkinos, P. (1965). Կոկինոս Պ., Հունահայ գաղութի պատմությունից (1918–1927) (in Armenian). Yerevan: National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia. pp. 14, 208–209. ISBN  9789609952002. Cited in Vardanyan, Gevorg (12 November 2012). Հայ-հունական համագործակցության փորձերը Հայոց ցեղասպանության տարիներին (1915–1923 թթ.) [The attempts of the Greek-Armenian Co-operation during the Armenian Genocide (1915–1923)]]. akunq.net (in Armenian). Research Center on Western Armenian Studies. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  5. ^ Gyula Andrássy, Bismarck, Andrássy, and Their Successors, Houghton Mifflin, 1927, p. 273.
  6. ^ Mehmed'in kanı ile kazandığını, değişmez kaderimiz !-barış masasında yine kaybetmiştik..., Cemal Kutay, Etniki Eterya'dan Günümüze Ege'nin Türk Kalma Savaşı, Boğaziçi Yayınları, 1980, p. 141. (in Turkish)
  7. ^ Yunanistan'ın savaş meydanındaki yenilgisi ise Büyük Devletler sayesinde barış masasında zafere dönüşmüş, ilk defa Lozan müzakerelerinde aksi yaşanacak olan, Yunanistan'ın mağlubiyetlerle gelişme ve büyümesi bu savaş sonunda bir kez daha görülmüştür., M. Metin Hülagü, "1897 Osmanlı-Yunan Savaşı'nın Sosyal Siyasal ve Kültürel Sonuçları", in Güler Eren, Kemal Çiçek, Halil İnalcık, Cem Oğuz (ed.), Osmanlı, Cilt 2, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, 1999, ISBN  975-6782-05-6, pp. 315–316. (in Turkish)
  8. ^ Italy, who had occupied Constantinople and a part of southwestern Anatolia, protected Turkish civilians from Greek and Allied troops and accepted Turkish refugees who had to flee from the regions invaded by the Greek army. The Place of the Turkish Independence War in the American Press (1918-1923) by Bülent Bilmez
  9. ^ "Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Larry Speakes". 23 September 1982.
  10. ^ "The Collapse of Lebanon's Army: U.S. Said to Ignore Factionalism". The New York Times. 11 March 1984.
  11. ^ Zerkalo Nedeli (28 February 2002). "Paper critical of Western call on Ukraine to stop selling arms to Macedonia". Free Republic. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  12. ^ Carlotta Gall (23 July 2001). "Rebels Secure a Base in Macedonian Town". New York Times. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  13. ^ Taras Kuzio (31 October 2001). "UKRAINE FORGES MILITARY ALLIANCE WITH MACEDONIA". The Jamestown. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  14. ^ "Sectarian divisions change Baghdad's image". NBC News. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
  15. ^ "The JRTN Movement and Iraq's Next Insurgency | Combating Terrorism Center at West Point". Ctc.usma.edu. Archived from the original on 26 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  16. ^ "Al-Qaeda's Resurgence in Iraq: A Threat to U.S. Interests". U.S. Department of State. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2010.