From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of current and former territorial possessions of the
Kingdom of Norway .
Current overseas territories
Integral areas of Norway which are
unincorporated :
Svalbard with Bear Island are subject to the provisions of the
Svalbard Treaty .
Svalbard and Jan Mayen are sometimes grouped together for some categorization purposes.
Current
dependencies of Norway are all in the southern polar region:
Peter I Island , in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, possession since 1929.
Bouvet Island , in the sub-Antarctic and South Atlantic Ocean, possession since 1930.
Queen Maud Land , in Antarctica, possession since 1939.
Map
Location of Norway and its overseas territories
Photo gallery
Former dependencies and homelands
Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) with its homeland, dependencies and possessions
Norwegian Kingdom and its former
homeland before 1645
The so-called Greater Norway
[1] includes these entities:
Dependencies ceded to Scotland (1st phase)
Hebrides , colonized from 700s to 1100s, part of an earldom, crown dependencies from 1100s to 1266, ceded by the
Treaty of Perth .
[2]
Man , colonized from 850s to 1152, part of an earldom, crown dependency from 1152 to 1266, ceded by the Treaty of Perth.
[2]
Orkney , colonized from 800s to 875, earldom from 875 to 1100s, crown dependency from 1194 to 1470,
pledged by
Christian I .
[3]
Shetland , colonized from 700s to 900s, earldom from 900s to 1195, crown dependency from 1195 to 1470, pledged by Christian I.
[3]
Vassals
National homelands ceded to Sweden (2nd phase)
Bohuslän , integrated from 800s to 1523, again from 1532 to 1658, ceded by the
Treaty of Roskilde .
[5]
Idre and
Särna , integrated from 800s to 1645, ceded by the
Second Treaty of Brömsebro , border not formally delineated until 1751.
[6]
Jämtland , integrated from 1100s to 1645, ceded the Second Treaty of Brömsebro.
[3]
[7]
Härjedalen , integrated from 1200s to 1563, again from 1570 to 1645, ceded by the Second Treaty of Brömsebro.
[8]
Early entity
Dependencies ceded to Denmark (3rd phase)
Faroe Islands , settled and colonized pre-1035 and crown dependencies from 1035 to 1814, ceded by the
Treaty of Kiel .
[3]
Greenland , colonized pre-1261 and crown dependency from 1261 to 1814, ceded by the Treaty of Kiel.
[3]
Iceland , settled and colonized pre-1262 and crown dependencies from 1262 to 1814, ceded by the Treaty of Kiel of 1814.
[3]
The actual time of cession of the islands is somewhat disputed. Some claim it took place with the
Union of Denmark and Norway in 1536/37, as the possessions of the Norwegian crown were claimed by the Oldenburg king. Nevertheless, they were still referred to as "dependencies of Norway" in later official documents. Also the
Treaty of Kiel states: "...and provinces, constituting the kingdom of Norway, [..], together with their dependencies (Greenland, the Faroe Isles, and Iceland, excepted); [...] shall belong in full and sovereign property to the King of Sweden,...", clearly indicating that they were until 1814 regarded as a part of
Norway .
[3]
Eastern Greenland Case
Briefly-ruled areas
Welsh homeland
Danish homelands
Swedish homelands
Suzerainties – Dublin and Mann
Former territorial claims
Northumbria , settled c. 902 and first ruled c. 918 by Manx king
Ragnall ua Ímair of the
Norse-Gaels in exile from Dublin and held intermittently by
Eric I of Norway as
King of Northumbria 947-948 and 952-954, after securing his lordship over the Jarls of Orkney, in the precedent set by his father
Harald Fairhair , part of which is famously attested to by
Egil's Saga , set partly in Eric's court at King's Square in
Scandinavian York . Title
Earl of Northumbria (effectively
Earl of York ) 1016-1023, granted by
Cnut the Great, King of Norway, to
Eiríkr Hákonarson , Governor of Norway and one of the
Jarls of Lade . Last controlled by
Harald Hardrada through his vassal
Tostig Godwinson , Earl of Northumbria and forefather of
Birkebeiner
Inge II of Norway , until the
Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066.
Eystein II raided
Hartlepool and
Whitby in the 1150s, but it's not known whether he invoked his claim to rule Northumbria as pretext.
St Olave's Church, York was mausoleum for the Earl of Northumbria. Within the former realm of Northumbria is the general region where most Norwegian place names and surnames, including
Thwaite (placename element) , are
extant in present day England . Norwegian settlement and rule in Northumbria is illustrated by David Woodroffe in The Penguin Atlas of Medieval History (1961) by
Colin McEvedy and illustrated by Ralph Orme in The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings (1995) by
John Haywood (British historian) .
The
Kingdom of England , now part of the
United Kingdom , claimed by several Norwegian kings (
Hardrada dynasty ) in the 11th century.
[21]
[22]
The
Kingdom of Denmark , claimed by several Norwegian kings (Hardrada dynasty) in the 11th century.
South Georgia , now part of the
British Overseas Territories of
United Kingdom .The spread of Norwegian whaling industry to Antarctica in the early 20th century motivated Norway, right after its independence from the
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway in 1905, to pursue territorial expansion not only in the
Arctic claiming
Jan Mayen and
Sverdrup Islands , but also in Antarctica. Norway claimed
Bouvet Island and looked further south, formally inquiring with
Foreign Office about the international status of the area between
45° and
65° south latitude and
35° and
80° west longitude. Following a second such diplomatic démarche by the Norwegian Government dated 4 March 1907, Britain replied that the areas were British based on discoveries made in the first half of the 19th century, and issued the 1908
Letters Patent incorporating the British Falkland Islands Dependencies with a permanent local administration in
Grytviken established in 1909.
[23]
[24]
Fridtjof Nansen Land (Franz Josef Land) , now part of
Russia , claimed from 1926 to around 1929, rejecting a claim of the
Soviet Union .
[25]
Sverdrup Islands , now part of
Canada , claimed from 1902 until Canadian sovereignty recognised in 1930, as part of an agreement with the
British Empire , for the British to recognise Jan Mayen as Norwegian territory.
[26]
Erik the Red's Land , northeast coast of
Greenland and
Fridtjof Nansen Land , southeast coast of Greenland, claimed and annexed from 1931 until awarded to Denmark by a
court decision in 1933.
[12]
Inari and
Petsamo , now part of
Finland and
Russia , claimed from
Finland from about 1942 to 1945 by the
Quisling regime during the
Nazi occupation of Norway .
[27]
[28]
Murmansk and
Arkhangelsk as
Bjarmland , now part of
Russia , claimed from the
Soviet Union from about 1942 to 1945 by the
Quisling regime , and was earlier also claimed by Norway in the
High Middle Ages and
Late Middle Ages .
[29] Quisling designated the area reserved for Norwegian colonization as
Bjarmeland , a reference to the name featured in the
Norse sagas for Northern Russia.
[30]
[31]
See also
References
^ Larsen, Karen (8 December 2015).
History of Norway . Princeton University Press.
ISBN
9781400875795 . Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Google Books.
^
a
b
c
"Scotland Back in the Day: Young Margaret, the first Queen of Scotland" . The National . 4 October 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
"Norgesveldet under lupen - Gemini.no" . Gemini.no . 22 June 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2017 .
^
"Scotland Back in the Day: How Scotland ended its enmity with Norway" . The National . 30 August 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017 .
^
"Bohuslän" . Snl.no . 11 April 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Store norske leksikon.
^
"Idre" . Snl.no . 28 September 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Store norske leksikon.
^ Salvesen, Helge; Opsahl, Erik (30 May 2017).
"Jämtlands historie" . Snl.no . Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Store norske leksikon.
^
"Härjedalens historie" . Snl.no . 20 June 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Store norske leksikon.
^
"När blev Värmland en del av det svenska riket?" by Dick Harrison, Professor of history at the University of Lund .
Svenska Dagbladet . Retrieved 28 September 2017.
^ Smilely, Jane (24 February 2005).
The Sagas of the Icelanders . Penguin UK.
ISBN
9780141933269 . Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Google Books.
^
"Haralds saga hins hárfagra – heimskringla.no" . heimskringla.no . Retrieved 3 October 2017 .
^
a
b Jacobs, Frank (4 March 2015).
"The Cold War that Wasn't: Norway Annexes Greenland" . Bigthink.com . Retrieved 3 October 2017 .
^
"Legal Status of Eastern Greenland, Denmark v. Norway, Judgment, 5 September 1933, Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ)" . Worldcourts.com . Retrieved 3 October 2017 .
^
The Heimskringla: Or, Chronicle of the Kings of Norway . Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 1844. Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Internet Archive.
^
"Tillbaka till tiden då Halland var ett land" . Hn.se . 16 January 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2017 .
^ Granberg, Per A. (3 October 2017).
"Skandinaviens historia under konungarne of Folkunga-Ätten" . Elmén och Granberg. Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Kent, Neil (12 June 2008).
A Concise History of Sweden . Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
9781107782587 . Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Adams, Jonathan (15 October 2015).
The Revelations of St Birgitta: A Study and Edition of the Birgittine-Norwegian Texts, Swedish National Archives, E 8902 . BRILL.
ISBN
9789004304666 . Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Google Books.
^ Ulwencreutz, Lars (11 June 2015).
Från Oden till Vasa . Lulu.com.
ISBN
9781329073661 . Retrieved 3 October 2017 – via Google Books.
^
a
b
Somerled: Hammer of the Norse
^
"BBC – History : British History Timeline" . Bbc.co.uk . Retrieved 3 October 2017 .
^
"Invasion of England, 1066" . Eyewitnesstohistory.com . Retrieved 3 October 2017 .
^ Odd Gunnar Skagestad. Norsk Polar Politikk: Hovedtrekk og Utvikslingslinier, 1905–1974 . Oslo: Dreyers Forlag, 1975
^ Thorleif Tobias Thorleifsson.
Bi-polar international diplomacy: The Sverdrup Islands question, 1902–1930 . Master of Arts Thesis, Simon Fraser University, 2004.
^ Barr (1995): 96
^ Berton, Pierre. The Arctic Grail: The Quest for the North West Passage and the North Pole . Toronto: Random House of Canada Ltd., 1988, p. 629.
^ Kurt D. Singer (1943).
Duel for the northland: the war of enemy agents in Scandinavia . R. M. McBride & company. p. 200. Retrieved 2020-12-11 .
^ Skodvin, M. (1990).
Norge i krig: Frigjøring . Aschehoug.
ISBN
9788203114236 . Retrieved 2015-04-03 .
^
"Norway's Nazi collaborators sought Russia colonies" .
Fox News .
Associated Press . 9 April 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2017 .
^ Dahl (1999), p. 296
^ Hans Fredrik Dahl (1999). Quisling: a study in treachery . Cambridge University Press, p. 343
[1]
^
"Medieval Iceland: The Rise and Fall of the Commonwealth AD 870–1264" . nicolejwallace.freeservers.com . Retrieved 3 October 2017 .