Many places throughout the
United States take their names from the languages of the indigenous
Native American/American Indian tribes. The following list includes settlements, geographic features, and political subdivisions whose names are derived from these languages.
Alabama – named for the
Alibamu, a tribe whose name derives from a
Choctaw phrase meaning "thicket-clearers"[1] or "plant-cutters" (from albah, "(medicinal) plants", and amo, "to clear").[2]
Alaska – from the
Aleut phrase alaxsxaq, meaning "the object towards which the action of the sea is directed").[3]
Arizona – disputed origin; likely from the
O'odham phrase ali ṣona-g, meaning "having a little spring".[4]
Idaho – may be from
Plains Apacheídaahę́, "enemy", used to refer to the
Comanches,[8] or it may have been an invented word.
Illinois – from the
French rendering of an Algonquian (perhaps
Miami) word apparently meaning "s/he speaks normally" (c.f. Miami ilenweewa),[9] from
Proto-Algonquian*elen-, "ordinary" + -wē, "to speak",[10][11] referring to the
Illiniwek.
Oklahoma – invented by Chief
Allen Wright as a rough translation of "Indian Territory"; in
Choctaw, okla means "people", "tribe", or "nation", and homa- means "red", thus: "Red people".[6][26]
Utah – from a language of one of the
Ute tribe's neighbors, such as
Western Apacheyúdah, "high up".[30]
Wisconsin – originally "Mescousing", from an
Algonquian language, though the source and meaning is not entirely clear; most likely from the
Miami word Meskonsing meaning "it lies red"[31][32] (c.f.
Ojibwemiskosin).[18]
Takoma – originally the name of
Mount Rainier, from
Lushootseed[təqʷúbəʔ] (earlier *təqʷúməʔ), 'snow-covered mountain'.[36] The location on the boundary of DC and Maryland was named Takoma in 1883 by DC resident Ida Summy, who believed it to mean 'high up' or 'near heaven'.[37]
Nankipooh – once a whistle stop on the Central of Georgia railroads "R" branch, it is now a suburb of Columbus
Ochillie – a creek that flows northwest through Chattahoochee county, within the boundaries of the Fort Benning military reservation, and into Upatoi creek
Schatulga – a small community in western Columbus/Muscogee County
Osawatomie – a compound of two primary Native American Indian tribes from the area, the
Osage and
Pottawatomie
Tonganoxie – derives its name from a member of the Delaware tribe that once occupied land in what is now Leavenworth County and western Wyandotte County
Topeka – from
Kansadóppikʔe, "a good place to dig wild potatoes"
Opelousas – for the native
Appalousa people who formerly occupied the area
Ponchatoula is a name signifying "falling hair" or "hanging hair" or "flowing hair" from the
ChoctawPashi "hair" and itula or itola "to fall" or "to hang" or "flowing". The Choctaw name Ponchatoula means "flowing hair", arrived at by the Choctaw as a way of expressing the beauty of the location with much moss hanging from the trees. "Ponche" is a
Choctaw word meaning location, an object, or a person
[2]. See the
eponymousPonchatoula Creek.
Pohocco - A precinct in the northeastern part of Saunders county, the name derives from
Pahuk, meaning headland or promontory, the Pawnee name of a prominent hill in the vicinity.
Tekamah - Located on the site of a historic Pawnee village, the surrounding hills were used for burying grounds and the highest point was used as a fire signal station. The origin of the name is not definitely known.
Nambe –
Tewa: Nambe Owingeh [nɑ̃̀ŋbèʔ ʔówîŋgè]; Nambé is the Spanish version of a similar-sounding
Tewa word, which can be interpreted loosely as meaning "rounded earth."
Tucumcari – from Tucumcari Mountain, which is situated nearby. Where the mountain got its name is uncertain. It may have come from the Comanche word tʉkamʉkarʉ, which means 'ambush'. A 1777 burial record mentions a Comanche woman and her child captured in a battle at Cuchuncari, which is believed to be an early version of the name Tucumcari.
Pembina County – an
Ojibwa word for viburnum edule, a plant with red berries which grows in the area.[51] Nineteenth-century journal-writers and observers have translated the word as "summer berry" or "high cranberry".[52]
Ashtabula County – from
Lenapeashtepihəle, 'always enough (fish) to go around, to be given away';[53] contraction from apchi 'always' + tepi 'enough' + həle (verb of motion).
Coshocton County – derived from
Unami LenapeKoshaxkink 'where there is a river crossing', probably adapted as Koshaxktun 'ferry' ('river-crossing device').
Chillicothe – from
ShawneeChala·ka·tha, referring to members of one of the five divisions of the
Shawnee people: Chalaka (name of the Shawnee group, of unknown meaning) + -tha 'person';[64] the present Chillicothe is the most recent of seven places in Ohio that have held that name, because it was applied to the main town wherever the Chalakatha settled as they moved to different places.
Conneaut – probably derived from
Senecaga-nen-yot, 'standing stone'.
Olentangy – an
Algonquian name, probably from Lenape ulam tanchi or Shawnee holom tenshi, both meaning 'red face paint from there'. The
Vermilion River likewise was named with a translation of the original
Ottawa name Ulam Thipi, 'red face paint river'.
Piqua – Shawnee Pekowi, name of one of the five divisions of the Shawnee.
Wapakoneta – from
ShawneeWa·po’kanite 'Place of White Bones' (wa·pa 'white'+(h)o’kani 'bone'+-ite locative suffix).[68][69]
.
Coplay - This name came from "Kolapechka". The son of the Indian chief, Paxanosa, who lived at the head of the creek
HOKENDAUQUA (Lehigh County) Both the village and creek are named for a combination of the Lenape words Hackiun and dochwe, which together mean "stream searching for land."
Keewaydin Keewaydin is not definite, but may have derived from an Indian word meaning "the north wind" or "home wind," (for when the wind blew from that direction the trail led home).
Kingsessing – The name Kingsessing or Chinsessing comes from the Delaware word for "a place where there is a meadow".
Kiskiminetas – derived from Lenape kishku manitu 'make daylight' (kishku 'day'[82] + manitu 'make'[83] ), a command to warriors to break camp and go on maneuvers while it is still night (as though it were daylight), according to
John Heckewelder.[84]
Kittanning – Lenape kithanink 'on the main river': kit 'great, large, big' + hane 'swift river from the mountains' + -ink locative suffix,[85] "the big river" or "the main river" being an epithet for the
Allegheny-cum-
Ohio, according to
John Heckewelder.[86]
Lackawaxen Lenape name Lackawaxen, meaning "swift waters,"
Loyalhanna – after the name of a Lenape town, Layalhanning, meaning 'at the middle of the river': layel or lawel 'middle' + hane 'river' + -ink locative suffix.[87]
Loyalsock – Lenape, 'middle creek.' (It is located halfway between lycoming and muncy creeks.)[75]
Macungie is derived from a Native American word meaning bear swamp, or place where bears feed.
Monongahela – Lenape Mənaonkihəla 'the high riverbanks are washed down; the banks cave in or erode',[90] inanimate plural of mənaonkihəle 'the dirt caves off (such as the bank of a river or creek; or in a landslide)'[91] < mənaonke 'it has a loose bank (where one might fall in)'[92] + -həle (verb of motion).
Moshnanon The community takes its name from Moshannon Creek, a Native American name purported to mean "moose stream"
Muckinipattis – Lenape for 'deep running water', from mexitkwek 'a deep place full of water'[93] or mexakwixen 'high water, freshet'.[94]
Muncy–after the Munsee people <
Munsee languagemənsiw, 'person from
Minisink' (minisink meaning 'at the island': mənəs 'island' + -ink locative suffix) + -iw attributive suffix.[95]
Nanticoke – From the
Nanticoke language, 'Tide water people.' (In reference to themselves)[75]
Nemacolin – after the 18th-century Lenape chief Nemacolin.
Nesquehoning — meaning “narrow valley;” others say name comes from stream that runs through the area, which was called Neska-honi, or black lick, or Neskeu-honi, or dirty lick
Ottumwa – Algonquian word possibly meaning "rippling waters", "place of perseverance or self-will", or "town".
Owanka – Lakota for "good camping ground". It was originally named Wicota, a Lakota word meaning "a crowd".[135]
Pukwana – the name given to the smoke emitted from a Native American peace pipe.
Ree Heights – named after the Arikara people, sometimes known as the Ree. Arikara may have been a neighboring tribe's word for "horns" or "male deer".[135]
Seneca – from Algonquian sinnekaas, which referred to the Seneca people.[135]
Teton – from Dakota tinton or tinta, meaning "prairie".[135]
Wanblee – from Lakota Waŋblí Hoȟpi, meaning "golden eagle nest".
Savannah – named for a clan of Shawnee whose native name was Ša·wano·ki (literally, "southerners")[137]
Sewanee – located on top of the southern end of the Cumberland Plateau, assumed to be a variant of the
Algonquian tribal name
Shawnee, or a contraction of
Haudenosaunee referring to the northern
Iroquois or eastern
Tuscarora.
Utah County, Utah Lake, etc. – "Utah" via "Yudah" or "Yutah" from a language of one of the
Ute tribe's neighbors, such as
Western Apacheyúdah, "high up".[30]
Various municipal street names including Arapeen Drive ("Arapeen" was a notable 19th-century
Paiute), Chipeta Way ("chipeta" is
Ute for "rippling water") and Wasatch Boulevard ("wasatch" is
Ute for "mountain pass").[140]
The name "Wyoming" comes from a Delaware Tribe word Mechaweami-ing or "maughwauwa-ma", meaning large plains or extensive meadows, which was the tribe's name for a valley in northern Pennsylvania. The name Wyoming was first proposed for use in the American West by Senator Ashley of Ohio in 1865 in a bill to create a temporary government for Wyoming Territory.[145]
Popo Agie River – From the Absalooke or Crow Language Poppootcháashe, which means "Plopping River" for the sound the water makes when it comes out of the sinkhole in Sinks Canyon, near present Lander, Wyoming.[146]
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