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The following is an incomplete list of notable people who have been deported from the United States. The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), particularly the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), handles all matters of deportation. [1] Their decisions may be appealed and reviewed by federal judges. [2]

In several cases (i.e., Charlie Chaplin, Adam Habib and Conrad Gallagher), the orders of deportation and/or exclusion were later lifted. Among many changes in terminology, "removal" superseded "deportation" in 1996 following the enactment of Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA). [3] [4]

Aside from the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, there was no applicable deportation law in the United States until an 1882 statute specifically geared towards Chinese immigrants. [1] The Alien and Sedition Acts gave the President of the United States the power to arrest and subsequently deport any alien that he deemed dangerous. [5] The 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act was designed to suspend Chinese immigration to the United States, and deport Chinese residents that were termed as illegally residing in the country. The types of individuals that could be deported from the United States was later reclassified to include those who were insane or carrying a disease, convicts, prostitutes, those entering the United States over the immigration quotas, anarchists, and those that belonged to organizations which supported the overthrow of the United States government by use of violence. [1] [5]

Legislation enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1891 gave a time limit of one year after an alien entered the country for the individual to be deported and decreased judicial review of deportation proceedings. The office of superintendent of immigration in the Department of the Treasury was also created with the 1891 enactment, and this responsibility later passed to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). [5] During the Red Scare in 1919, a number of persons were deported under suspicion of illegal activity. The statute of limitations on deportation from the United States was removed under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. [1] Deportation laws were cited during the 1950s in order to remove union leaders and alleged members of the Communist party said to be illegally in the country. According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, about 23,000 aliens were deported annually from the country during the latter period of the 1980s. [5]

If an alien is deemed by the government to be removable, they will receive a "notice to appear" (NTA) and later face an immigration judge, who will decide whether or not the alien is removable from the United States. Either party (the alien or the government prosecutor) may appeal (by legal brief, not in person) an immigration judge's decision to the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA). If an alien fails to appear for any immigration hearing, such person is usually ordered removed in absentia. [6] Those individuals who illegally entered the United States constitute the single largest portion of people deported from the country. Once deported or removed, an alien is not allowed to legally reenter the country unless given special permission to do so by either the DHS or the EOIR. [1] The DHS has placed 164,000 criminals in removal proceedings in 2007, and estimated that figure would be 200,000 for 2008. [7]

In 2001, approximately 73,000 illegal aliens with criminal convictions were deported from the United States, and in 2007 this figure was 91,000. [7] In 2011, the DHS deported 396,906 people. Of those deported, 54.6% were criminal offenders. [8]

List

Individual Occupation Citizen of Year deported Deported to Reasons for deportation Source
Andrija Artuković Lawyer, politician, revolutionary   Independent State of Croatia 1986   Yugoslavia World War II war criminal, co-founder and leader of the fascist, ultranationalist and terrorist organization Ustase, died in 1988 [9]
Trevor Berbick Jamaican heavyweight boxer   Jamaica 1997, 2002   Jamaica Rape and sexual assault convictions, and parole violations [10] [11]
Conrad Black, Lord Black of Crossharbour Publisher, businessman   Canada
  United Kingdom 		2012   Canada Mail fraud and obstruction of justice convictions [12] [13]
Griselda Blanco Drug lord for the Medellín Cartel, involved in the Miami-based cocaine drug trade during the 1970s and early 1980s   Colombia 2004   Colombia Various and multiple criminal convictions [14] [15] [16]
Charles Hopel Brown Jamaican author, computer engineer, and U.S. Army veteran   Jamaica 2004   Jamaica Resisting arrest, probation violations [17] [18]
Hermine Braunsteiner Female Nazi concentration camp guard /  Germany
  United States 		1973   West Germany First Nazi to be deported from the United States; denaturalized and extradited at West German government's request [19]
Joe Cahill Prominent Irish republican and former Chief of Staff of the Provisional Irish Republican Army   Ireland 1984   Ireland Illegal entry [20] [21]
Charlie Chaplin British actor and director   United Kingdom
  England 		  United Kingdom
  England 		Denied a re-entry permit to the U.S. after a trip abroad, reportedly instigated by J. Edgar Hoover; returned briefly to the U.S. in 1972 [22]
Anna Chapman Soviet-born Russian national   Russia
  United Kingdom (later revoked) 		2010   Russia Illegals Program spy ring under the Russian Federation's SVR; also stripped of UK citizenship soon after U.S. deportation [23]
John Demjanjuk Guard at Nazi German extermination camps   Ukraine
  United States
  Israel 		2009   Israel (First deportation)
  Germany (Second deportation) 		Alleged Nazi war criminal, denaturalized in 2002, and finally deported in 2009 to Germany from Israel, which had filed war crimes charges [24]
Joe Doherty Provisional Irish Republican Army volunteer   Ireland 1992   Ireland Involvement with Provisional Irish Republican Army [25]
Hanns Eisler Composer Austria Austria
Germany Germany 		1948 Austria Austria Alleged communist ties, victim of McCarthyism [26]
Raffaello Follieri Real estate developer, socialite   Italy 2012   Italy Legal misappropriation of funds related to the " Vati-Con scandal" [27] [28]
Johanna Gadski Operatic soprano singer   Prussia 1918   Germany Declared an enemy alien by the Wilson administration and deported from the United States during World War I [29]
Conrad Gallagher Irish chef and restaurateur   Ireland 2002   Ireland Financial convictions in the United States and Ireland [30] [31]
Marcus Garvey Founder of Universal Negro Improvement Association   Jamaica 1927   Jamaica Fraud conviction related to sale of stock in one of his businesses [32] [33]
Peter Gatien Businessman and New York nightclub owner   Canada 2003   Canada Tax-evasion convictions [34]
Emma Goldman Anarchist and political activist   Russia
  United States 		1919   Soviet Union [35] [36]
Adam Habib Scholar   South Africa 2006   South Africa Apprehended and deported over allegations of "engaging in terrorist activities", ban lifted in 2010 [37]
C. L. R. James Journalist, social theorist   Trinidad and Tobago 1953   Trinidad and Tobago Alleged Communist ties [38] [39]
Claudia Jones Black Nationalist and political activist   Trinidad and Tobago 1955   United Kingdom Deported under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 for being a Communist, granted asylum in the United Kingdom [40] [41]
Konrāds Kalējs Latvian soldier   Latvia 1994   Australia Alleged Nazi collaborator and war criminal during World War II, moved to Canada but was deported from Canada back to Australia in 1997 [42] [43]
Herman W. Lang Nazi German spy   Germany 1950   West Germany Espionage-related convictions
Karl Linnas Chief of Tartu Nazi concentration camp   Estonia 1987   Soviet Union Nazi war criminal [44] [45]
Lucky Luciano Organized crime boss   Italy
  United States 		1946   Italy Pandering, operating a massive prostitution ring [46] [47]
Peter Lundin Serial killer   Denmark 1999   Denmark First-degree murder-related charges, one of whom was his mother [48]
Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook Hamas leader   Jordan 1997   Jordan Involvement with Hamas [49] [50] [51]
Charles Mowbray Anarcho-communists, trade unionist   United Kingdom   United Kingdom [52]
Oliver O'Grady Former Roman Catholic priest   Ireland 2001   Ireland Rape, molestation and abuse of children convictions in California [53] [54]
Vicky Peláez Spy   Peru 2010   Russia Worked as an unregistered foreign agent for Russia, agreed to deportation in exchange for the U.S. government dropping the more serious charge of money laundering [55]
Charles Ponzi Fraudster   Italy 1934   Italy Fraud charges, created the Ponzi scheme [56] [57]
Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh Public speaker, godman, mystic   India 1985   India Immigration violations [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63]
Rosaura Revueltas Stage and film actress   Mexico 1954   Mexico Illegal entrance, deported during filming of Salt of the Earth [64] [65]
Alphonso Sgroia Neapolitan Camorra gangster, hitman   Italy   Italy Numerous murder convictions [66] [67]
Heinz Spanknöbel Pro-Nazi Friends of New Germany activist, spy   Germany 1933   Germany Failure to register as a foreign agent [68]
Mollie Steimer Anarchy activist   Russia 1921   Russian SFSR Unknown [69] [70]
Tsien Hsue-shen Scientist, aerospace engineer   China 1955   China Accused of being a communist sympathizers [71] [72]
John Turner anarchist communist shop steward   United Kingdom
  England 		1903   United Kingdom
  England 		First person deported from the United States for violating the 1903 Anarchist Exclusion Act [73] [74]
Tim Maia Soul singer   Brazil 1963   Brazil Marijuana possession charges [75]
Ernst Zündel German neo-Nazi and Holocaust denier   Germany 2005   Germany Deported subsequently from Canada [76] [77]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Reyes Mata v. Lynch, 576 U.S. ___, ___, 135 S.Ct. 2150, 1253 (2015)
  3. ^ Othi v. Holder, 734 F.3d 259, 264-65 ( 4th Cir. 2013) ("In 1996, Congress 'made major changes to immigration law' via IIRIRA.... These IIRIRA changes became effective on April 1, 1997.").
  4. ^ 8 U.S.C.  § 1229a(e)(2) ("The term 'removable' means—(A) in the case of an alien not admitted to the United States, that the alien is inadmissible under section 1182 of this title, or (B) in the case of an alien admitted to the United States, that the alien is deportable under section 1227 of this title."); see also Tima v. Attorney General of the U.S., ___ F.3d ___, ___, No. 16-4199, p.11 (3d Cir. Sept. 6, 2018) ("Section 1227 defines '[d]eportable aliens,' a synonym for removable aliens.... So § 1227(a)(1) piggybacks on § 1182(a) by treating grounds of inadmissibility as grounds for removal as well.").
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External links

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