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Closest gravitational singularities to Earth
This is a list of known
black holes that are close to the
Solar System .
It is thought that most black holes are solitary, but black holes in
binary or larger
systems are much easier to detect.
[1] Solitary black holes can generally only be detected by measuring their
gravitational distortion of the light from more distant objects. As of February 2022, only one
isolated black hole has been confirmed,
OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 , around 5,200 light-years away.
[2]
The nearest known black hole is
Gaia BH1 , which was discovered in September 2022 by a team led by Kareem El-Badry. Gaia BH1 is 1,560 light-years away from Earth in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus.
[3]
For comparison,
the nearest star to the Sun is about 4.24
light years away, and the
Milky Way galaxy is approximately 100,000 light years in diameter.
List
Distance
System
Component
Notes and
additional references
(
ly )
(
kpc )
Designation
Description
Right ascension
[4] (
Epoch
J2000.0 )
Declination
[4] (
Epoch
J2000.0 )
Discovery date
[5]
Designation
Stellar class
Mass (
M☉ )
1560± 10
0.478± 0.005
Gaia BH1 (TIC 125470397)
Binary system with orbit t =185.63 d and eccentricity e=0.45
[3]
17h 28m 41.09s
−00° 34′ 51.93″
2022
A
BH
9.78
[3]
B
G
0.93
1839 .0938± 34.588
0.5906± 0.0058
Gaia BH3 (Gaia DR3 4318465066420528000)
Binary system with orbit t =11.6 yr
19h 39m 18.72s
+14° 55′ 54.2″
2024
A
BH
32.70± 0.82
[6]
B
G
0.76± 0.05
3800± 80
1.16± 0.02
Gaia BH2 (Gaia DR3 5870569352746779008)
Binary system with orbit t =1276.7 d and eccentricity e=0.518
13h 50m 16.728s
−59° 14′ 20.42″
2023
A
BH
8.93
[7]
[8]
B
K III
1.07
3800+2700 −2000
1.18+0.82 −0.63
Gaia18ajz
Candidate for isolated black hole detected by
microlensing
[9]
18h 30m 14.460s
−08° 13′ 12.756″
2024
BH
12.0+14.9 −5.4
Most probable solution parameters shown. Another solution has a mass of 5.6 MSol.
4700± 800
1.44± 0.25
A0620-00 (V616 Mon)
Binary star system with orbit t =7.75 h
06h 22m 44.503s
[10]
−00° 20′ 44.72″
[10]
1986
A
BH
11.0± 1.9
Low-mass X-ray binary
B
K
[11]
0.5± 0.3
5150± 590
1.58± 0.18
MOA-2011-BLG-191 or
OGLE-2011-BLG-0462
Isolated black hole detected by
microlensing
[2]
17h 51m 40.2082s
−29° 53′ 26.50″
2022
BH
7.1± 1.3
First confirmed black hole detected via microlensing
5400+6900 −1900
1.7± 1.4
GRS 1124-683 (GU Muscae)
Binary star system with orbit t =10.38 h
11h 26m 26.60s
−68° 40′ 32.3″
1991 Jan 20
A
BH
6.95± 1.1
B
K
0.9± 0.3
5720± 300
1.7± 0.1
XTE J1118+480
11h 18m 11s
48° 02′ 13″
2000
A
BH
6–6.5
B
M
0.2
7300± 200
2.25± 0.08
Cygnus X-1 (Cyg X-1)
Binary star system with orbit t =5.6 d
19h 58m 21.676s
[12]
+35° 12′ 05.78″
[12]
1971 April–May
Cyg X-1
BH
15± 1
The first X-ray source widely accepted to be a black hole.
HDE 226868
O
[13]
30± 10
7800± 460
2.39± 0.14
V404 Cygni
Binary star system with orbit t =6.5 d
20h 24m 03.83s
[14]
+33° 52′ 02.2″
[14]
1989 May 22
A
BH
9
First black hole to have an accurate parallax measurement of its distance from our solar system
B
K
[4]
0.7
Early K giant star
8100± 1000
2.49± 0.30
GRO J0422+32
Binary star system with orbit t =5.09 h
04h 21m 42.723s
+32° 54′ 26.94″
1992 Aug 5
A
BH
3.97± 0.95
B
M1
0.5± 0.1
8150
2.5
MACHO-96-BLG-5
Candidate isolated black hole detected by
microlensing
[15]
18h 05m 2.50s
−27° 42′ 17″
2001
BH
5.30+1.14 −0.96
Very strong candidate, parameters listed are of best fit
8800± 2300
2.7± 0.7
GS 2000+25
20h 02m 50s
+25° 14′ 11″
1988
A
BH
7.5
B
M
0.5
9260+6330 −5450
2.84+1.94 −1.67
Gaia18cbf
Candidate isolated mass-gap black hole detected by
microlensing
[16]
16h 04m 38.862s
−41° 06′ 17.32″
2022
BH
2.65+5.09 −1.48
Best fit. Second best fit has a mass of 1.71 MSol, which would make it a neutron star
11100 ± 700
3.4± 0.2
Cygnus X-3
Binary star system with orbit t =4.8 h
20h 32m 25.766s
+40° 57′ 28.26″
1967
Cyg X-3
BH
2.4+2.1 −1.1
[17]
V1521 Cyg
WN
10.3+3.9 −2.8
[17]
11400
3.5
MACHO-98-BLG-6
Candidate isolated mass-gap black hole detected by
microlensing
[15]
17h 57m 32.80s
−28° 42′ 45″
2001
BH
3.17+0.52 −0.48
Very strong candidate, parameters listed are of best fit
11900 ± 3600
3.7± 1.1
GRO J1655-40
Binary star system with orbit t = 2.6 d
16h 54m 00.137s
−39° 50′ 44.90″
1994
A
BH
5.31± 0.07
V1033 Sco
F5IV
1.9± 0.3
15700
4.8
MACHO-99-BLG-22
Candidate isolated black hole detected by
microlensing
[18]
18h 05m 05.28s
−28° 34′ 41.70″
2002
BH
7.5
Very strong candidate
25600 ± 600
7.86± 0.2
Sagittarius A*
Supermassive black hole
17h 45m 40.0409s
−29° 0′ 28.118″
1974
BH
4154 000 ± 14000
Center of the Galaxy
29700 ± 2700
9.1± 0.8
4U 1543-475
Binary star system with orbit t = 26.8 h
15h 47m 08.277s
−47° 40′ 10.28″
1971
A
BH
9.4± 2.0
B
A2V
2.7± 1.0
See also
References
^
"ESO Instrument Finds Closest Black Hole to Earth" .
European Southern Observatory . May 6, 2020.
^
a
b Sahu, Kailash C.; et al. (Jan 31, 2022).
"An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing" . The Astrophysical Journal . 933 (1): 83.
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S2CID
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^
a
b
c El-Badry, Kareem; Rix, Hans-Walter; Quataert, Eliot; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard; Fuller, Jim; Hawkins, Keith; Breivik, Katelyn; Wong, Kaze W. K.; Rodriguez, Antonio C.; Conroy, Charlie; Shahaf, Sahar; Mazeh, Tsevi; Arenou, Frédéric; Burdge, Kevin B.; Bashi, Dolev; Faigler, Simchon; Weisz, Daniel R.; Seeburger, Rhys; Monter, Silvia Almada; Wojno, Jennifer (2023). "A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 518 : 1057–1085.
arXiv :
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^
a
b
c
"The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems" .
Research Consortium on Nearby Stars .
GSU . 2007-09-17. Retrieved 2007-11-06 .
^ Before 1900: earliest certain recorded observation. 1900–1930: first catalogued. After 1930: earliest trigonometric or spectroscopic parallax.
^ Panuzzo, P. (2024).
"Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry" . The Astrophysical Journal .
arXiv :
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doi :
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^ Tanikawa, Ataru; Hattori, Kohei; Kawanaka, Norita; Kinugawa, Tomoya; Shikauchi, Minori; Tsuna, Daichi (2023).
"Search for a Black Hole Binary in Gaia DR3 Astrometric Binary Stars with Spectroscopic Data" . The Astrophysical Journal . 946 (2): 79.
arXiv :
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Bibcode :
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doi :
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^ El-Badry, Kareem; Rix, Hans-Walter; et al. (February 2023). "A red giant orbiting a black hole". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 521 (3): 4323–4348.
arXiv :
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^ Howil K, Wyrzykowski L, Kruszynska K, et al. (Mar 15, 2024). "Uncovering the Invisible: A Study of Gaia18ajz, a Candidate Black Hole Revealed by Microlensing".
arXiv :
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astro-ph.GA ].
^
a
b
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^ Yungelson, L.; Lasota, J.-P. (May 2008), "Evolution of low-mass binaries with black-hole components", New Astronomy Reviews , 51 (10–12): 860–868,
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^
a
b van Leeuwen, Floor (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics , 474 (2): 653–664,
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^ Sota, A.; Apellániz, J. Maíz; Walborn, N.R.; Alfaro, E.J.; Barbá, R.H.; Morrell, N.I.; Gamen, R.C.; Arias, J.I. (April 2011), "The Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. Classification System and Bright Northern Stars in the Blue-violet at R ~ 2500", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement , 193 (2): 24–74,
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^
a
b Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003).
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b Abdurrahman, Fatima N.; Stephens, Haynes F.; Lu, Jessica R. (2021-05-01).
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^ Kruszyńska, K.; Wyrzykowski, Ł.; Rybicki, K. A.; Maskoliūnas, M.; Bachelet, E.; Rattenbury, N.; Mróz, P.; Zieliński, P.; Howil, K.; Kaczmarek, Z.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Ihanec, N.; Gezer, I.; Gromadzki, M.; Mikołajczyk, P. (2022-06-01).
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^
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b Zdziarski, A. A.; Mikołajewska, J.; Belczyński, K. (2013). "Cyg X-3: A low-mass black hole or a neutron star". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 429 : L104–L108.
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