The city of
Mari in modern
Syria was ruled by several dynasties in the Bronze Age. The history of the city is divided into three kingdoms.
The first kingdom
The
Sumerian King List (SKL) records a dynasty of six kings from Mari enjoying hegemony between the dynasty of
Adab and the dynasty of
Kish.[1] The names of the Mariote kings were damaged on the early copies of the list,[2] and those kings were correlated with historical kings that belonged to the second kingdom.[3] However, an undamaged copy of the list that date to the
old Babylonian period was discovered in
Shubat-Enlil,[2] and the names bears no resemblance to any of the historically attested monarchs of the second kingdom,[2] indicating that the compilers of the list had an older and probably a legendary dynasty in mind, that predate the second kingdom.[2]
Ruler
Length of reign
Notes
Epithet
Kings from the Sumerian King List
"Then
Adab was defeated and the kingship was taken to Mari.[4]"
"Then Mari was defeated and the kingship was taken to
Kish.[4]"
The second kingdom
The chronological order of the kings from the second kingdom era is highly uncertain; nevertheless, it is assumed that the letter of Enna-Dagan lists them in a chronological order.[7] Many of the kings were attested through their own votive objects discovered in the city,[8][9] and the dates are highly speculative.[9]
His name was previously read as Lamgi-Mari.[21] Hypothetically the last king before the conquests of the
Akkadian Empire.[22]
The third kingdom
The third kingdom was ruled by two dynasties: the
Shakkanakkus and the Lim. For the Shakkanakkus, the lists are incomplete and after
Hanun-Dagan who ruled at the end of the Ur era c. 2008 BC (c. 1920 BC
Short chronology), they become full of lacunae.[23] Roughly 13 more Shakkanakkus succeeded Hanun-Dagan but only few are known, with the last known one reigning not too long before the reign of
Yaggid-Lim who founded the Lim dynasty in c. 1830 BC, which was interrupted by Assyrian occupation in 1796–1776 BC.[24][25]
^Gudug was a rank in the hierarchy of the Mesopotamian temple workers, a guduj priest was not specialized to a certain deity cult, and served in many temples.[6]
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