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This is a list of important publications in philosophy , organized by field. The publications on this list are regarded as important because they have served or are serving as one or more of the following roles:
Foundation – A publication whose ideas would go on to be the foundation of a topic or field within
philosophy .
Breakthrough – A publication that changed or added to philosophical knowledge significantly.
Influence – A publication that has had a significant impact on the academic study of philosophy or the world.
Historical texts
European and Islamic philosophy
Ancient philosophy
Heraclitus (
c. early 5th century ), Fragments
Parmenides (
c. early 5th century ), On Nature
[1]
Plato (early period, c. 399 – c. 387 BC
[2] ),
Apology
Plato (early period),
Crito
Plato (early period),
Euthyphro
Plato (early period),
Gorgias
Plato (early period),
Protagoras
Plato (early transitional period, c. 387 – c. 380 BC ),
Cratylus
Plato (early transitional period),
Meno
Plato (middle period, c. 380 – c. 360 BC ),
Phaedo
Plato (middle period),
Symposium
Plato (late transitional period, c. 360 – c. 355 BC ),
Parmenides
Plato (late transitional period),
Theaetetus
Plato (late transitional period),
Phaedrus
Plato (late period, c. 355 – c. 347 BC ),
Laws
Plato (late period),
Timaeus
Plato (Bk. 1, early period. Bks. 2–10, late period),
The Republic
Aristotle (
fl. 384 – 322 BC ),
Organon
Aristotle,
Physics
Aristotle,
Metaphysics
Aristotle,
On the Soul
Aristotle,
Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle,
Politics
Aristotle,
Rhetoric
Aristotle,
Poetics
Epicurus , (341 – 270 BC),
On Nature
Lucretius (fl. 99 – 55 BC ),
On the Nature of Things
Cicero , (106 – 43 BC),
On the Commonwealth
Cicero,
On the Laws
Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4BC – 65AD),
Letters from a Stoic
Marcus Aurelius (161 – 180 AD),
Meditations
Epictetus (108 AD),
Discourses
Epictetus (125 AD),
Enchiridion
Sextus Empiricus (c. 160 – 210 AD),
Outlines of Pyrrhonism
Plotinus (270 AD),
Enneads
Porphyry (c. 234 – 305 AD),
Isagoge
Hermes Trismegistus ,
Corpus Hermeticum
[3]
Medieval philosophy
Augustine of Hippo ,
Confessions , c. AD 397
Augustine of Hippo,
The City of God , early 5th century
Proclus , The Elements of Theology
Damascius , Difficulties and Solutions of First Principles
Boethius ,
Consolation of Philosophy , c. 500
Eriugena ,
Periphyseon
Avicenna ,
The Book of Healing
Avicenna,
Proof of the Truthful
Maimonides ,
Guide for the Perplexed
Maimonides,
Mishneh Torah
Yehuda Halevi ,
Kuzari
Saadia Gaon ,
Emunoth ve-Deoth
Al-Ghazali ,
The Incoherence of the Philosophers
Averroes ,
The Incoherence of the Incoherence
Anselm ,
Proslogion
Thomas Aquinas ,
Summa contra Gentiles , c. 1260
Thomas Aquinas,
Summa Theologiae
Duns Scotus , Ordinatio (aka Opus Oxoniense)
[4]
Ibn Taymiyyah , Refutation of the Rationalists
William of Ockham ,
Summa Logicae
Early modern philosophy
Title page of Advancement of Learning by Francis Bacon
Desiderius Erasmus ,
The Praise of Folly , 1509 (printed 1511)
Niccolò Machiavelli ,
The Prince , 1513 (printed 1532)
Niccolò Machiavelli,
Discourses on Livy , 1517 (printed 1533)
Michel de Montaigne ,
Essays , 1570–1592 (printed 1580–1595)
Sir Francis Bacon ,
Novum Organum , 1620
Hugo Grotius ,
De jure belli ac pacis , 1625
René Descartes ,
Rules for the Direction of the Mind , 1628
René Descartes,
Discourse on the Method , 1637
René Descartes,
Meditations on First Philosophy , 1641
René Descartes,
Principles of Philosophy , 1644
René Descartes,
Passions of the Soul , 1649
Thomas Hobbes ,
Leviathan , 1651
Blaise Pascal ,
Pensées , 1670
Baruch Spinoza ,
Ethics , 1677
Baruch Spinoza ,
Tractatus Theologico-Politicus , 1677
Robert Filmer ,
Patriarcha , 1680
Gottfried Leibniz ,
Discourse on Metaphysics , 1686
Nicolas Malebranche , Dialogues on Metaphysics , 1688
John Locke ,
Two Treatises of Government , 1689
John Locke,
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding , 1689
Anne Conway , The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy , 1690
Gottfried Leibniz,
New Essays on Human Understanding , 1704 (printed 1765)
George Berkeley ,
Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge , 1710
Gottfried Leibniz,
Théodicée , 1710
Gottfried Leibniz,
Monadology , 1714 (printed 1720)
Giambattista Vico ,
The New Science , 1725, 1730, 1744
Francis Hutcheson , An Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue , 1725
David Hume ,
A Treatise of Human Nature , 1738–1740
Julien Offray de La Mettrie ,
Man a Machine , 1747
David Hume,
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding , 1748
Montesquieu ,
The Spirit of the Laws , 1748
Jean-Jacques Rousseau ,
Discourse on the Arts and Sciences , 1750
Jean le Rond d'Alembert ,
Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot , 1751
David Hume,
An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals , 1751
Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men , 1754
Edmund Burke ,
A Vindication of Natural Society , 1756
Edmund Burke,
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful , 1757
Adam Smith ,
The Theory of Moral Sentiments , 1759
Voltaire ,
Candide , 1759
Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
Emile, or On Education , 1762
Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
The Social Contract , 1762
Voltaire,
Treatise on Tolerance , 1763
Thomas Reid ,
Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense , 1764
Adam Smith,
The Wealth of Nations , 1776
Immanuel Kant ,
Critique of Pure Reason , 1781
Immanuel Kant,
Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics , 1783
Immanuel Kant,
Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals , 1785
Thomas Reid, Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man , 1785
Immanuel Kant,
Critique of Practical Reason , 1788
Jeremy Bentham ,
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation , 1789
Edmund Burke,
Reflections on the Revolution in France , 1790
Immanuel Kant,
Critique of Judgement , 1790
Mary Wollstonecraft ,
A Vindication of the Rights of Men , 1790
Marquis de Condorcet ,
Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind , 1794
Thomas Paine ,
Rights of Man , 1791
Mary Wollstonecraft,
A Vindication of the Rights of Women , 1792
Johann Gottlieb Fichte ,
Foundations of the Science of Knowledge , 1794
Joseph de Maistre ,
Considerations on France , 1797
19th-century philosophy
François-René de Chateaubriand ,
The Genius of Christianity , 1802
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ,
Phenomenology of Spirit , 1807
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel,
Science of Logic , 1812–1817
Arthur Schopenhauer ,
The World as Will and Representation , 1819–1859
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel,
Elements of the Philosophy of Right , 1820
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel,
Lectures on the Philosophy of History , 1822, 1828, 1830, printed 1837
Auguste Comte ,
Course of Positive Philosophy , 1830–1842
Alexis de Tocqueville ,
Democracy in America , 1835
William Whewell , The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences: Founded upon their History , 1840
Ralph Waldo Emerson ,
Self-Reliance , 1841
Søren Kierkegaard ,
Either/Or , 1843
Søren Kierkegaard,
Fear and Trembling , 1843
John Stuart Mill ,
A System of Logic , Ratiocinative and Inductive , 1843
Søren Kierkegaard,
The Concept of Anxiety , 1844
Max Stirner ,
The Ego and Its Own , 1844
Søren Kierkegaard,
Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments , 1846
Karl Marx and
Friedrich Engels ,
The Communist Manifesto , 1848
John Stuart Mill ,
On Liberty , 1859
John Stuart Mill,
Utilitarianism , 1861–1863
Herbert Spencer , System of Synthetic Philosophy , 1862–1892
Karl Marx,
Das Kapital , 1867–1894
John Stuart Mill and
Harriet Taylor Mill ,
The Subjection of Women , 1869
William Stanley Jevons , The Principles of Science: A Treatise on Logic and Scientific Method , 1874
Henry Sidgwick ,
The Methods of Ethics , 1874
Charles Sanders Peirce , Illustrations of the Logic of Science , 1877–1878
Charles Sanders Peirce, "
How to Make Our Ideas Clear ", 1878
Gottlob Frege ,
Begriffsschrift , 1879
Friedrich Nietzsche ,
Thus Spoke Zarathustra , 1883–1891
Friedrich Nietzsche,
Beyond Good and Evil , 1886
Friedrich Nietzsche,
On the Genealogy of Morals , 1887
Henri Bergson ,
Time and Free Will , 1889
Henri Bergson,
Matter and Memory , 1896
Asian philosophy
Indian philosophy
Chinese philosophy
Zhou Dynasty
Warring States
Song Dynasty
Japanese philosophy
Pre-Meiji Buddhism
Early modern
Contemporary philosophy
Logic and philosophy of logic
Bertrand Russell and
Alfred North Whitehead ,
Principia Mathematica , 1910–13/1925–27
Kurt Gödel , "
On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems ", 1931
Alfred Tarski , "The Concept of Truth in Formalized Languages", 1933/1956
Alfred Tarski, Introduction to Logic and to the Methodology of the Deductive Sciences , 1941/1994
Wilfrid Sellars , "Inference and Meaning", 1953
Alfred Tarski, Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics: Papers from 1923 to 1938 , 1956/1983
William Kneale and
Martha Kneale , The Development of Logic , 1962
Saul Kripke , "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic", 1963
Donald Davidson , "Truth and Meaning", 1967
Willard Van Orman Quine , Philosophy of Logic , 1970/1986
David K. Lewis , Counterfactuals , 1973
Susan Haack , Philosophy of Logics , 1978
Peter Spirtes,
Clark Glymour , and Richard Scheines, Causation, Prediction, and Search , 1993
Robert Brandom , Articulating Reasons: An Introduction to Inferentialism , 2000
Philosophy of language
Gottlob Frege , "
On Sense and Reference ", 1892
Bertrand Russell , "
On Denoting ", 1905
Ludwig Wittgenstein ,
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (also called The Tractatus ), 1921
A. J. Ayer ,
Language, Truth, and Logic , 1936
Ludwig Wittgenstein,
Philosophical Investigations , 1953
J. L. Austin ,
How To Do Things With Words , 1955/1962
J. L. Austin, "A Plea for Excuses", 1956
Willard Van Orman Quine ,
Word and Object , 1960
H. Paul Grice , "
Logic and Conversation ", 1967/1987
Stanley Cavell , Must We Mean What We Say? A Book of Essays , 1969/1976
John Searle , Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language , 1969
Saul Kripke ,
Naming and Necessity , 1972/1980
David K. Lewis , "General Semantics", 1972
Donald Davidson , "Radical Interpretation", 1973
Donald Davidson, "On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme", 1973
Michael Dummett ,
Frege: Philosophy of Language , 1973/1981
Michael Devitt and
Kim Sterelny , Language and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language , 1987/1999
David Kaplan , "Demonstratives", 1989
Cora Diamond , The Realistic Spirit: Wittgenstein, Philosophy, and the Mind , 1991
Robert Brandom , Making it Explicit: Reasoning, Representing, and Discursive Commitment , 1994
Epistemology
Bertrand Russell ,
The Problems of Philosophy , 1912
George Santayana ,
Scepticism and Animal Faith , 1923
G. E. Moore , "
A Defence of Common Sense ", 1925
Jacques Maritain ,
The Degrees of Knowledge , 1932
Edmund Gettier , "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", 1963
Roderick Chisholm , Theory of Knowledge , 1966/1989
W. V. O. Quine , "Epistemology Naturalized", 1971
Peter Unger , Ignorance: A Case for Scepticism , 1975
Richard Rorty ,
Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature , 1979
Stanley Cavell , The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy , 1979
Alvin Goldman , "What is Justified Belief?", 1979
Ernest Sosa , "The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge", 1980
Laurence Bonjour , The Structure of Empirical Knowledge , 1985
John Hardwig , "Epistemic Dependence", 1985
Alvin Goldman, Epistemology and Cognition , 1986
Stephen Stich , The Fragmentation of Reason: Preface to a Pragmatic Theory of Cognitive Evaluation , 1990
Susan Haack , Evidence and Inquiry: Towards Reconstruction in Epistemology , 1993/2009
John McDowell , Mind and World , 1994
David K. Lewis , "Elusive Knowledge", 1996
Alvin Goldman, Knowledge in a Social World , 1999
Jürgen Habermas , "Truth and Justification", 1999
Timothy Williamson ,
Knowledge and its Limits , 2000
Donald Davidson , Subjective, Intersubjective, Objective , 2001
Jonathan Kvanvig , The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding , 2003
Jason Stanley , Knowledge and Practical Interests , 2005
Miranda Fricker , Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing , 2007
Keith DeRose , The Case for Contextualism: Knowledge, Skepticism, and Context , 2009
Metaphysics
Henri Bergson , "
Introduction to Metaphysics ", 1903
G. E. Moore , "The Refutation of Idealism", 1903
Henri Bergson,
Creative Evolution , 1907
William James , Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking , 1907
J. M. E. McTaggart , "The Unreality of Time", 1908
John Dewey , Experience and Nature , 1925/1929
Alfred North Whitehead ,
Process and Reality , 1929
R. G. Collingwood , An Essay on Metaphysics , 1940
W. V. O. Quine , "On What There Is", 1948
Rudolf Carnap , Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic , 1947/1956
Rudolf Carnap, "Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology", 1950
W. V. O. Quine, "
Two Dogmas of Empiricism ", 1951
Errol Harris , The Foundations of Metaphysics in Science , 1965
Saul Kripke ,
Naming and Necessity , 1972/1980
D. M. Armstrong , Universals and Scientific Realism , 1978
W. V. O. Quine, Theories and Things , 1981
Seyyed Hossein Nasr ,
Knowledge and the Sacred , 1981
Derek Parfit ,
Reasons and Persons , 1984
David K. Lewis ,
On the Plurality of Worlds , 1986
Peter van Inwagen , Metaphysics , 1993/2015
Nicholas Rescher , Process Metaphysics: An Introduction to Process Philosophy , 1996
E. J. Lowe , The Possibility of Metaphysics: Substance, Identity, and Time , 1998
Amie Thomasson , Fiction and Metaphysics , 1999
Theodore Sider , Writing the Book of the World , 2011
David Chalmers , Constructing the World , 2012
Philosophy of mind
Gilbert Ryle ,
The Concept of Mind , 1949
Wilfrid Sellars , "Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind", 1956
Herbert Feigl , "The 'Mental' and the 'Physical'", 1958
David K. Lewis , "An Argument for the Identity Theory", 1966
Thomas Nagel , "
What Is it Like to Be a Bat? ", 1974
Jerry Fodor , The Language of Thought , 1975
Hilary Putnam , "The Meaning of 'Meaning'", 1975
Tyler Burge , "Individualism and the Mental", 1979
George Lakoff and
Mark Johnson ,
Metaphors We Live By , 1980
Paul Churchland , "Eliminative Materialism and Propositional Attitudes", 1981
Jerry Fodor, The Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology , 1983
John Searle , Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind , 1983
Stephen Stich , From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science: The Case Against Belief , 1983
Ruth Garrett Millikan , Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories: New Foundations for Realism , 1984
Patricia Churchland , Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain , 1986
Thomas Nagel,
The View from Nowhere , 1986
Mark Johnson , The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason , 1987
Roger Penrose ,
The Emperor's New Mind : Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics , 1989
Daniel Dennett ,
Consciousness Explained , 1991
Francisco J. Varela ,
Evan Thompson , and
Eleanor Rosch , The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience , 1991
David Chalmers ,
The Conscious Mind , 1996
Andy Clark , Being There: Putting Brain, Body and World Together Again , 1997
Andy Clark & David Chalmers, The Extended Mind , 1998
Shaun Gallagher , How the Body Shapes the Mind , 2005
Andy Clark, Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension , 2008
David Chalmers, The Character of Consciousness , 2010
Cordelia Fine ,
Delusions of Gender : How Our Minds, Society, and Neurosexism Create Difference , 2010
Evan Thompson, Mind in Life , 2010
Andy Clark, Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind , 2015
Philosophy of religion
William James , "
The Will to Believe ", 1896
William James,
The Varieties of Religious Experience : A Study in Human Nature , 1902
Aldous Huxley ,
The Perennial Philosophy , 1945
Alvin Plantinga ,
God and Other Minds : A Study of the Rational Justification of Belief in God , 1967
Richard Swinburne , The Existence of God , 1979
William Lane Craig ,
The Kalam Cosmological Argument , 1979
Alvin Plantinga, "Is Belief in God Properly Basic?", 1981
Jean-Luc Marion , God Without Being , 1982
J. L. Mackie , The Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God , 1982
John Hick , An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent , 1989/2004
William L. Rowe , "The Evidential Argument from Evil: A Second Look", 1996
Alvin Plantinga , Warranted Christian Belief , 2000
Jay L. Garfield , Empty Words: Buddhist Philosophy and Cross-Cultural Interpretation , 2001
Philosophy of mathematics
Gottlob Frege ,
The Foundations of Arithmetic , 1884
Alfred North Whitehead and
Bertrand Russell ,
Principia Mathematica , 1910–13/1925–27
Bertrand Russell , Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy , 1919
Eugene Wigner , "
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences ", 1960
Paul Benacerraf and
Hilary Putnam , Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings , 1964/1983
Ian Hacking , The Emergence of Probability: A Philosophical Study of Early Ideas about Probability, Induction and Statistical Inference , 1975
Imre Lakatos ,
Proofs and Refutations , 1976
Penelope Maddy , Realism in Mathematics , 1990
Penelope Maddy, Second Philosophy: A Naturalistic Method , 2007
Philosophy of science
Henri Poincaré , Science and Hypothesis , 1902, and The Value of Science , 1905
Hermann Weyl , Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science , 1927/1949
Karl Popper ,
The Logic of Scientific Discovery , 1934/1959
John Dewey , Logic: The Theory of Inquiry , 1938
Rudolf Carnap , Logical Foundations of Probability , 1950/1962
Hans Reichenbach , The Rise of Scientific Philosophy , 1951
Stephen Toulmin , The Philosophy of Science: An Introduction , 1953
Nelson Goodman ,
Fact, Fiction, and Forecast , 1955
Michael Polanyi , Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-critical Philosophy , 1958
Ernest Nagel ,
The Structure of Science : Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation , 1961
Thomas Kuhn ,
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , 1962/1996
Carl Gustav Hempel ,
Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science , 1965
Mario Bunge , Scientific Research: Strategy and Philosophy (republished in 1998 as Philosophy of Science ), 1967
Stephen Toulmin, Human Understanding: The Collective Use and Evolution of Concepts , 1972
Mario Bunge, Treatise on Basic Philosophy , 8 volumes, 1974–1989
Roy Bhaskar , A Realist Theory of Science , 1975
Paul Feyerabend ,
Against Method : Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge , 1975/1993
Larry Laudan , Progress and its Problems: Towards a Theory of Scientific Growth , 1978
David K. Lewis , "How to Define Theoretical Terms", 1979
Bas C. van Fraassen ,
The Scientific Image , 1980
Carolyn Merchant , The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution , 1980
Wesley C. Salmon , Scientific Explanation and the Causal Structure of the World , 1984
Steven Shapin and
Simon Schaffer ,
Leviathan and the Air-Pump : Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life , 1985
Ronald Giere , Explaining Science: A Cognitive Approach , 1988
David Hull , Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science , 1988
Paul Thagard , Computational Philosophy of Science , 1988
Helen Longino , Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry , 1990
Lorraine Code , What Can She Know? Feminist Theory and the Construction of Knowledge , 1991
Sandra Harding , Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women's Lives , 1991
Paul Thagard, Conceptual Revolutions , 1992
John Dupré , The Disorder of Things: Metaphysical Foundations of the Disunity of Science , 1993
Deborah Mayo , Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge , 1996
E. O. Wilson ,
Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge , 1998
John Ziman , Real Science: What it Is, and What it Means , 2000
Peter Godfrey-Smith , Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science , 2003/2021
Hasok Chang , Inventing Temperature: Measurement and Scientific Progress , 2004
William C. Wimsatt , Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings: Piecewise Approximations to Reality , 2007
Nancy J. Nersessian , Creating Scientific Concepts , 2008
Heather Douglas , Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal , 2009
William Bechtel and Robert C. Richardson, Discovering Complexity: Decomposition and Localization as Strategies in Scientific Research , 2010
Philosophy of physics
Pierre Duhem , The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory , 1906
Albert Einstein ,
The Meaning of Relativity , 1922
Hans Reichenbach , The Philosophy of Space and Time , 1928/1957
Albert Einstein,
Boris Podolsky ,
Nathan Rosen , "
Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete? ", 1935
Arthur Eddington , Philosophy of Physical Science , 1939
Werner Heisenberg , Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science , 1958
Adolf Grünbaum ,
Philosophical Problems of Space and Time , 1963/1973
John Stewart Bell , "On the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Paradox", 1964
Rudolf Carnap , Philosophical Foundations of Physics , 1966
Lawrence Sklar , Space, Time, and Spacetime , 1974
Nancy Cartwright , How the Laws of Physics Lie , 1983
Michael Friedman , Foundations of Space-Time Theories: Relativistic Physics and the Philosophy of Science , 1983
John Stewart Bell, Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics: Collected Papers on Quantum Philosophy , 1987/2004
Lawrence Sklar, Philosophy of Physics , 1992
Lawrence Sklar, Physics and Chance: Philosophical Issues in the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics , 1993
Roland Omnès ,
Quantum Philosophy : Understanding and Interpreting Contemporary Science , 1994/1999
Roberto Torretti , The Philosophy of Physics , 1999
Craig Callender and Nick Huggett, Physics Meets Philosophy at the Planck Scale: Contemporary Theories in Quantum Gravity , 2001
Harvey Brown , Physical Relativity: Space-time Structure from a Dynamical Perspective , 2005
Philosophy of biology
Erwin Schrödinger ,
What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell , 1945
David Hull , Philosophy of Biological Science , 1974
Stephen Jay Gould and
Richard Lewontin , "
The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm : A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme", 1979
Stephen Jay Gould,
The Mismeasure of Man , 1981/1996
Richard Dawkins ,
The Extended Phenotype , 1982
Ernst Mayr ,
The Growth of Biological Thought : Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance , 1982
Elliott Sober , The Nature of Selection: Evolutionary Theory in Philosophical Focus , 1984
Michael Ruse , Taking Darwin Seriously: A Naturalistic Approach to Philosophy , 1986
Kristin Shrader-Frechette and Earl D. McCoy, Method in Ecology: Strategies for Conservation , 1993
Elliott Sober, Philosophy of Biology , 1993/2000
Daniel C. Dennett ,
Darwin's Dangerous Idea : Evolution and the Meanings of Life , 1995
Martin Mahner and
Mario Bunge , Foundations of Biophilosophy , 1997
Kim Sterelny and
Paul E. Griffiths , Sex and Death: An Introduction to Philosophy of Biology , 1999
Sandra Mitchell , Biological Complexity and Integrative Pluralism , 2003
Denis Noble , The Music of Life: Biology Beyond the Genome , 2006
Samir Okasha , Evolution and the Levels of Selection , 2006
Elliott Sober, Evidence and Evolution: The Logic Behind the Science , 2008
Michael Ruse, The Philosophy of Human Evolution , 2010
Philosophy of chemistry
Eric Scerri and
Lee C. McIntyre , "The Case for the Philosophy of Chemistry", 1997
Davis Baird, Eric Scerri, and Lee C. McIntyre (eds.), Philosophy of Chemistry: Synthesis of a New Discipline , 2006
Philosophy of psychology
William James ,
The Principles of Psychology , 1890
B. F. Skinner , Science and Human Behavior , 1953
Abraham Kaplan , The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science , 1964
Paul E. Meehl , "Theory-Testing in Psychology and Physics: A Methodological Paradox", 1967
Roy Bhaskar , The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences , 1979/2015
John Robert Anderson , Cognitive Psychology and its Implications , 1980/2019
Ned Block (ed.), Readings in Philosophy of Psychology , 1981
Mario Bunge and Rubén Ardilla, Philosophy of Psychology , 1987
Paul E. Meehl, "Theoretical Risks and Tabular Asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and the Slow Progress of Soft Psychology", 1992
Steven Pinker ,
The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature , 2002
Jesse Prinz , Gut Reactions: A Perceptual Theory of Emotion , 2004
Philosophy of economics
Lionel Robbins ,
An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science , 1932
Kenneth Arrow ,
Social Choice and Individual Values , 1951/1963
Ludwig von Mises , The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science , 1962
Joan Robinson , Economic Philosophy , 1962
Kenneth E. Boulding , "Economics as a Moral Science", 1969
Amartya Sen , On Economic Inequality , 1973
Elizabeth S. Anderson , Value in Ethics and Economics , 1993
Paul Ormerod ,
The Death of Economics , 1994
Amartya Sen,
Development as Freedom , 1999
Steve Keen ,
Debunking Economics: The Naked Emperor of the Social Sciences , 2001/2011
Ethics
G. E. Moore ,
Principia Ethica , 1903
John Dewey and
James Hayden Tufts , Ethics , 1908/1932
W. D. Ross , The Right and the Good , 1930
C. S. Lewis ,
The Abolition of Man , 1943
G. E. M. Anscombe , "
Modern Moral Philosophy ", 1958
Peter Singer , "
Famine, Affluence, and Morality ", 1972
J. L. Mackie ,
Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong , 1977
Sissela Bok ,
Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life , 1978
Philippa Foot , Virtues and Vices: And Other Essays in Moral Philosophy , 1978
Alan Gewirth ,
Reason and Morality , 1978
Peter Singer,
Practical Ethics , 1979/2011
Alasdair MacIntyre ,
After Virtue , 1981/2007
Samuel Scheffler , The Rejection of Consequentialism , 1982/1994
Derek Parfit ,
Reasons and Persons , 1984
Bernard Williams ,
Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy , 1985
David Gauthier ,
Morals by Agreement , 1986
Peter Railton , "Moral Realism", 1986
Martha Nussbaum ,
The Fragility of Goodness : Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy , 1986
Paul W. Taylor , Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics , 1986
Holmes Rolston III , Environmental Ethics: Duties to and Values in the Natural World , 1988
Shelly Kagan , The Limits of Morality , 1989
Allan Gibbard , Wise Choices, Apt Feelings: A Theory Of Normative Judgment , 1990
Joan Tronto , Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care , 1993
Annette Baier , Moral Prejudices: Essays on Ethics , 1994
Michael A. Smith , The Moral Problem , 1994
Christine Korsgaard , The Sources of Normativity , 1996
Peter Unger ,
Living High and Letting Die : Our Illusion of Innocence , 1996
Thomas M. Scanlon ,
What We Owe to Each Other , 1998
Rosalind Hursthouse , On Virtue Ethics , 1999
Philippa Foot, Natural Goodness , 2001
Allan Gibbard, Thinking How to Live , 2003
Jonathan Dancy , Ethics Without Principles , 2004
Michael Huemer ,
Ethical Intuitionism , 2005
Virginia Held , The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, and Global , 2006
Derek Parfit,
On What Matters , 2011/2017
Meta-ethics
P. F. Strawson , "Freedom and Resentment", 1962
John McDowell , "Virtue and Reason", 1972
John McDowell, "Non-Cognitivism and Rule-Following", 1981
Jürgen Habermas , Justification and Application: Remarks on Discourse Ethics , 1993
Bioethics
Aesthetics
George Santayana ,
The Sense of Beauty , 1896
Benedetto Croce , Aesthetic: As Science of Expression and General Linguistic , 1902
Jacques Maritain ,
Art and Scholasticism , 1920
John Dewey ,
Art as Experience , 1934
Walter Benjamin , "
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction ", 1935
R. G. Collingwood , The Principles of Art , 1938
Monroe Beardsley , Aesthetics: Problems in the Philosophy of Criticism , 1958
George Kubler , The Shape of Time: Remarks on the History of Things , 1962
Nelson Goodman ,
Languages of Art : An Approach to a Theory of Symbols , 1968/1976
Richard Wollheim , Art and Its Objects , 1968
Rudolf Arnheim , Visual Thinking , 1969
Theodor Adorno ,
Aesthetic Theory , 1970
Richard Schechner , Essays on Performance Theory , 1976/2004
Arthur Danto , The Transfiguration of the Commonplace: A Philosophy of Art , 1981
Noël Carroll , The Philosophy of Horror, or Paradoxes of the Heart , 1990
Kendall Walton , Mimesis as Make-Believe: On The Foundations of the Representational Arts , 1990
Richard Shusterman , Pragmatist Aesthetics: Living Beauty, Rethinking Art , 1992/2000
Arthur Danto, After the End of Art: Contemporary Art and the Pale of History , 1997
Roger Scruton , The Aesthetics of Music , 1997
Roger Scruton, Beauty , 2009
Social philosophy
Identity
Edward Said ,
Orientalism , 1978
Judith Butler , "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution", 1988
Judith Butler,
Gender Trouble , 1990
Thomas Sowell ,
Black Rednecks and White Liberals , 2006
Kwame Anthony Appiah , The Ethics of Identity , 2005
Harvey Mansfield ,
Manliness , 2006
Sara Ahmed , On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life , 2012
Sally Haslanger , Resisting Reality: Social Construction and Social Critique , 2012
Philosophy of education
Philosophy of history
Oswald Spengler ,
The Decline of the West , 1918 & 1922
R. G. Collingwood ,
The Idea of History , 1946
Karl Löwith , Meaning in History: The Theological Implications of the Philosophy of History , 1949
Patrick Gardiner , The Nature of Historical Explanation , 1952
E. H. Carr ,
What Is History? , 1961
Arthur Danto , Analytical Philosophy of History , 1965
Philosophy of law
Roscoe Pound , An Introduction to the Philosophy of Law , 1954
H. L. A. Hart ,
The Concept of Law , 1961
Lon L. Fuller , The Morality of Law , 1964/1969
Ronald Dworkin ,
Taking Rights Seriously , 1977
John Finnis ,
Natural Law and Natural Rights , 1980/2011
Ronald Dworkin,
Law's Empire , 1986
Political philosophy
Vilfredo Pareto ,
The Mind and Society , 1914
Carl Schmitt ,
The Concept of the Political , 1932
Jacques Maritain , Integral Humanism: Temporal and Spiritual Problems of a New Christendom , 1936
John Dewey ,
Freedom and Culture , 1939
Jacques Maritain, The Rights of Man and Natural Law , 1942
Friedrich Hayek ,
The Road to Serfdom , 1944
Karl Popper ,
The Open Society and Its Enemies , 1945
Hannah Arendt ,
The Origins of Totalitarianism , 1951
Russell Kirk ,
The Conservative Mind , 1953
Isaiah Berlin , "
Two Concepts of Liberty ", 1958
Bruno Leoni ,
Freedom and the Law , 1961
John Rawls ,
A Theory of Justice , 1971
Robert Nozick ,
Anarchy, State, and Utopia , 1974
Michael J. Sandel ,
Liberalism and the Limits of Justice , 1982/1998
Michael Walzer ,
Spheres of Justice : A Defense of Pluralism and Equality , 1983
Joseph Raz , The Morality of Freedom , 1986
Paul Ricœur , Lectures on Ideology and Utopia , 1986
Thomas Sowell ,
A Conflict of Visions , 1987
Jürgen Habermas ,
Between Facts and Norms , 1992
Axel Honneth , The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts , 1992
John Rawls,
Political Liberalism , 1993
Will Kymlicka , Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights , 1995
Samuel P. Huntington ,
Clash of Civilizations , 1996
Nancy Fraser , Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the "Postsocialist" Condition , 1997
Roberto Mangabeira Unger ,
Democracy Realized : The Progressive Alternative , 1998
Hans-Hermann Hoppe ,
Democracy: The God That Failed , 2001
Amartya Sen , The Idea of Justice , 2009
Continental philosophy
Phenomenology and existentialism
Edmund Husserl ,
Logical Investigations , 1900/1901
Edmund Husserl, Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy , 1913
Max Scheler , Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values , 1913/1916
Martin Buber ,
I and Thou , 1923
Martin Heidegger ,
Being and Time , 1927
Edmund Husserl,
Cartesian Meditations , 1931
Alfred Schütz , The Phenomenology of the Social World , 1932
Albert Camus ,
Myth of Sisyphus , 1942
Jean-Paul Sartre ,
Being and Nothingness , 1943
Maurice Merleau-Ponty ,
Phenomenology of Perception , 1945
Jacques Maritain , Existence and the Existent , 1947
Simone de Beauvoir ,
The Second Sex , 1949
Emmanuel Levinas ,
Totality and Infinity , 1961
Emmanuel Levinas,
Otherwise than Being , or Beyond Essence , 1974
Jean-Luc Marion , Being Given , 1997
Hermeneutics and deconstruction
Hans-Georg Gadamer ,
Truth and Method , 1960
Paul Ricœur ,
Freud and Philosophy : An Essay on Interpretation , 1965
Jacques Derrida ,
Of Grammatology , 1967
Jacques Derrida,
Speech and Phenomena , 1967
Hans-Georg Gadamer, Philosophical Hermeneutics , 1976
Paul Ricœur, Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning , 1976
Paul Ricœur, Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences: Essays on Language, Action, and Interpretation , 1981
John McDowell , "Gadamer and Davidson on Understanding and Relativism", 2002
Structuralism and post-structuralism
Georges Bataille ,
The Accursed Share , 1949
Michel Foucault ,
Madness and Civilization , 1961
Michel Foucault,
The Birth of the Clinic , 1963
Michel Foucault,
The Order of Things , 1966
Gilles Deleuze ,
Difference and Repetition , 1968
Gilles Deleuze,
The Logic of Sense , 1969
Gilles Deleuze and
Félix Guattari ,
Capitalism and Schizophrenia , 1972–1980
Jean Baudrillard ,
The Mirror of Production , 1973
Luce Irigaray , Speculum of the Other Woman , 1974
Michel Foucault,
Discipline and Punish , 1975
Michel Foucault,
The History of Sexuality , 1976
Jean Baudrillard,
Simulacra and Simulation , 1981
Critical theory and Marxism
György Lukács ,
History and Class Consciousness : Studies in Marxist Dialectics , 1923
Karl Korsch .
Marxism and Philosophy , 1923
Herbert Marcuse ,
Reason and Revolution : Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory , 1941
Max Horkheimer and
Theodor Adorno ,
Dialectic of Enlightenment , 1944
Herbert Marcuse,
Eros and Civilization , 1945
Henri Lefebvre , Critique of Everyday Life , 1947, 1961, 1981
Jean-Paul Sartre ,
Critique of Dialectical Reason , 1960
Herbert Marcuse,
One-Dimensional Man , 1964
Louis Althusser ,
Reading Capital , 1965
Theodor Adorno,
Negative Dialectics , 1966
Cornelius Castoriadis , The Imaginary Institution of Society , 1975
G. A. Cohen ,
Karl Marx's Theory of History : A Defense , 1978
Jürgen Habermas ,
The Theory of Communicative Action , 1981
Marshall Berman ,
All That Is Solid Melts into Air : The Experience of Modernity , 1982
Alain Badiou , Being and Event , 1988
Slavoj Zizek ,
The Sublime Object of Ideology , 1989
Eastern philosophy
Kitaro Nishida ,
An Inquiry into the Good , 1911
Kitaro Nishida, From the Acting to the Seeing , 1923–27
Suzuki Daisetsu Teitaro ,
An Introduction to Zen Buddhism , 1934
Feng Youlan , A History of Chinese Philosophy , 1934
Feng Youlan, New Rational Philosophy , 1939
"
A Manifesto for a Re-appraisal of Sinology and Reconstruction of Chinese Culture ",
[5] 1958
Keiji Nishitani ,
Religion and Nothingness , 1961
See also
Notes
External links
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