Genus
|
Authors
|
Year
|
Status
|
Age
|
Location
|
Notes
|
Acamptonectes
[2]
|
Fischer
et al.
|
2012
|
Valid
|
eK
[2]
to
lK
[2]
|
Europe
[2]
|
|
Actiosaurus
|
Sauvage
|
1883
|
Disputed
|
|
Europe
|
|
Acuetzpalin
[3]
|
Barrientos
et al.
|
2020
|
Valid
|
lJ
[3]
|
North America
[3]
|
|
Aegirosaurus
[4]
|
Bardet
Fernández
|
2000
|
Valid
|
lJ
[4]
|
Europe
[4]
|
A 2 meter long
[4]
ophthalmosaurid
[5] whose remains were discovered in the
Solnhofen limestone and mistaken for a new
Ichthyosaurus species. In
2000 scientists concluded that the
fossil material should be assigned to a new genus.
|
Anhuisaurus
[1]
|
Chen
|
1985
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Preoccupied by lizard genus Anhuisaurus Hou, 1974. Junior synonym of
Chaohusaurus.
|
Arthropterygius
|
Maxwell
|
2010
|
Valid
|
lJ
|
North America
|
|
Athabascasaurus
|
Druckenmiller
Maxwell
|
2010
|
Valid
|
eK
|
North America
|
|
Auroroborealia
[6]
|
Zvernikov
et al.
|
2021
|
Valid
|
lT
|
Asia
|
|
Barracudasauroides
|
Maisch
|
2010
|
Valid
|
mT
|
Asia
|
|
Besanosaurus
[7]
|
Dal Sasso
Pinna
|
1996
|
Valid
|
mT
[7]
|
Europe
[7]
|
|
Brachypterygius
[8]
[9]
|
von Huene
|
1922
|
Valid
|
lJ
[8]
|
Europe
[10]
[11]
|
A
lJ
Ophthalmosaurid closely related to
Platypterygius and
Caypullisaurus.
[5]
Fossils have been found in
England and
European
Russia.
[10]
[11]
|
Californosaurus
[8]
[12]
|
Kuhn
|
1934
|
Valid
|
lT
[8]
|
N. America
|
A 3-meter
teretocnemid who is also the basal-most known
Euichthyosaurian. Its remains were first recovered from the
Carnian
Lower Hosselkus Limestone of California. Californosaurus has also been known as
Shastasaurus perrini and
Delphinosaurus perrini.
|
Callawayia
[13]
|
Maische
Matzke
|
2000
|
Valid
|
|
|
|
Cartorhynchus
[14]
|
Motani
et al.
|
2015
|
Valid
|
eT
|
Asia
|
Non-ichthyosaur
ichthyosauriform
|
Catutosaurus
[15]
|
Fernández
et al.
|
2021
|
Valid
|
lJ
|
South America
|
|
Caypullisaurus
[8]
[9]
|
Fernández
|
1997
|
Valid
|
lJ
[8]
to
eK[
citation needed]
|
S. America
|
A large
ophthalmosaurid closely related to
Platypterygius and
Brachypterygius.
[5] It was discovered in strata dating to the
lJ -
eK of
Argentina.
|
Chacaicosaurus
[12]
|
Fernández
|
1994
|
Valid
|
|
S. America
[11]
|
A
Bajocian genus whose
fossils have been found in
Argentina.
[11] Possibly a
stenopterygiid.
|
Chaohusaurus
[1]
[8]
|
Young
Dong
|
1972
|
Valid
|
eT
[8]
|
Asia
|
A primitive ichthyosaur that retained a lizard-like body discovered in Chaohu, China. It was also one of the smallest ichthyosaurs, being from 70 to 180 cm long and an estimated weight of 10 kg.
|
Chensaurus
[1]
[8]
|
Mazin
Suteethorn
Buffetaut
Jaeger
Helmcke-Ingavat
|
1991
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Chaohusaurus.
|
Chonespondylus
[8]
|
Leidy
|
1868
|
Valid
|
mT
[8]
|
|
|
Contectopalatus
[16]
|
Maische
Matzke
|
1998
|
Disputed
|
mT
[16]
|
Europe
[16]
|
A strange
mT
mixosaurid with a high crest of bone on its head and a 5-meter body. It was thought to be a
Mixosaurus species for some time until given its own genus in
1998. Some experts have felt that the splitting was unjustified.
|
Cryopterygius
[17]
|
Druckenmiller
et al.
|
2012
[17]
|
Valid
|
lJ
[17]
|
Europe
[17]
|
|
Cymbospondylus
[8]
[13]
|
Leidy
|
1868
|
Valid
|
eT
[8]
to
mT
[8]
|
|
One of the largest ichthyosaurs, adults ranged in length from 6 m (20 ft) up to 10 m (33 ft) long. It was one of the least fish-like of the ichthyosaurs, lacking a
dorsal fin and fluked tail. Consequently, Cymbospondylus probably swam by wriggling its body from side to side like a modern sea snake.
|
Dearcmhara
[18]
|
Brusatte
et al.
|
2015
|
Valid
|
eJ
to
mJ
|
Europe
|
|
Delphinosaurus
[8]
|
Merriam
|
1905
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Californosaurus.
|
Eretmorhipis
[19]
|
Chen
et al.
|
2015
|
Valid
|
eT
|
Asia
|
Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian
|
Eurhinosaurus
[8]
[12]
|
Abel
|
1909
|
Valid
|
eJ
[8]
|
Europe
|
A genus exceeding 6 m in length
[11] from the
Sinemurian to
Toarcian of
England and
Germany. Eurhinosaurus was built like a regular ichthyosaur, with a
fish-like body including a large eyes,
dorsal and
caudal fins, but had one distinct feature that set it apart from other ichthyosaurs; its upper jaw was twice as long as the lower jaw and covered with sidewards-pointing '
teeth', like a
sawfish's.
|
Eurypterygius
|
Jaekel
|
1904
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Ichthyosaurus.
|
Excalibosaurus
|
McGowan
|
1986
|
Valid
|
eJ
[8]
|
|
Lived during the
Sinemurian stage in what is now
England. It is characterized by the extreme elongation of the
rostrum, giving the animal a
swordfish-like look. Excalibosaurus is known from two skeletons. The
holotype was from a juvenile with an estimated body length of 4 m. The estimated body length of the second specimen, discovered in 1996, is 7 m.
|
Gengasaurus
|
Paparella et al.
|
In press
|
In press
|
lJ
|
Europe
|
|
Grendelius
[8]
|
McGowan
|
1976
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Brachypterygius.
|
Grippia
[1]
[8]
|
Wiman
|
1930
|
Valid
|
eT
[8]
|
Asia
Greenland
Japan
N. America
|
A small ichthyosaur only 1-1.5 m long, its fossils have been found along the coasts of
Greenland,
China,
Japan, and
Canada.
|
Guizhouichthyosaurus
|
Cao
Luo
|
2000
|
Valid
|
lT
|
Asia
|
|
Gulosaurus
[20]
|
Cuthbertson et al.
|
2013
|
Valid
|
eT
[20]
|
N. America
[20]
|
A
grippidian. The type species is Gulosaurus helmi.
[20]
|
Hauffiopteryx
|
Maisch
|
2008
|
Valid
|
eJ
|
Europe
|
|
Himalayasaurus
|
Young
Dong
|
1972
|
Valid
|
lT
|
Asia
|
|
Hudsonelpidia
|
McGowan
|
1995
|
Valid
|
lT
[8]
|
|
|
Hupehsuchus
[1]
|
Carroll
Dong
|
1991
|
Valid
|
mT
|
Asia
|
Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian from the
mT of
China. The
type species is H. nanchangensis.
|
Ichthyosaurus
[8]
[12]
|
De la Beche
Conybeare
|
1821
|
Valid
|
eJ
[8]
|
|
|
Isfjordosaurus
|
Motani
|
1999
|
Valid
|
|
|
Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian.
|
Jabalisaurus
[21]
|
Barrientos-Lara et al.
|
2021
|
Valid
|
lJ
|
North America
|
|
Janusaurus
[22]
|
Roberts et al.
|
2014
|
Valid
|
lJ
[22]
|
Europe
[22]
|
An
ophthalmosaurid
ichthyosaur. The type species is Janusaurus lundi.
[22]
|
Kazakhstanosaurus
[23]
|
Bolatovna
Makustovich
|
2021
|
Valid
|
lJ
|
Asia
|
|
Keilhauia
[24]
|
Delsett et al.
|
2017
|
Valid
|
eK
|
Europe
|
An
ophthalmosaurid
ichthyosaur. The type species is Keilhauia nui.
|
Kyhytysuka
[25]
|
Cortés et al.
|
2021
|
Valid
|
eK
|
South America
|
|
Leninia
[26]
|
Fischer et al.
|
2014
|
Valid
|
eK
[26]
|
Europe
[26]
|
An
ophthalmosaurine
ophthalmosaurid
ichthyosaur. The type species is Leninia stellans.
[26]
|
Leptocheirus
|
Merriam
|
1903
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of Toretocnemus.
|
Leptonectes
|
McGowan
|
1996
|
Valid
|
|
Europe
[11]
|
Lived from the
Rhaetian to
Pliensbachian in what is now
Belgium,
England and
Germany.
[11]
|
Leptopterygius
|
Huene
|
1922
|
Valid
|
lT
[8]
to
eJ
[8]
|
|
|
Macgowania
|
Motani
|
1999
|
Valid
|
|
|
|
Macropterygius
|
Huene
|
1923
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Aegirosaurus.
|
Magnipterygius
[27]
|
Maisch
Matzke
|
2022
|
Valid
|
eJ
|
Europe
|
|
Maiaspondylus
[9]
|
Maxwell
Caldwell
|
2006
|
Valid
|
lK
[9]
|
N. America
[9]
|
|
Malawania
[28]
|
Fischer et al.
|
2013
|
Valid
|
eK
[28]
|
Asia
[28]
|
A basal member of
Thunnosauria. The type species is Malawania anachronus.
[28]
|
Merriamia
[8]
|
Boulenger
|
1904
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Toretocnemus.
|
Metashastasaurus
|
Nicholls
Manabe
|
2001
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Callawayia.
|
Mikadocephalus
[13]
[29]
|
Maisch
Matzke
|
1998
|
Valid
|
|
Europe
[29]
|
|
Mixosaurus
[8]
[13]
|
Baur
|
1887
|
Valid
|
mT
[8]
|
|
|
Mollesaurus
|
Fernandez
|
1999
|
Valid
|
mJ
|
S. America
|
|
Myopterygius
|
von Huene
|
1922
|
Syn.
|
|
|
Synonym of Platypterygius.
|
Muiscasaurus
|
Maxwell
Dick
Padilla
Parra
|
2015
|
Valid
|
eK
|
S. America
|
|
Nanchangosaurus
|
Wang
|
1959
|
Valid
|
mT
[8]
|
|
|
Nannopterygius
|
Huene
|
1922
|
Valid
|
lJ
[8]
|
Europe
|
Nannopterygius is a
genus of
ophthalmosaurid
ichthyosaur that lived in from the
Kimmeridgian to
Tithonian.
Fossils have been found in
England and
Germany.
[11]
|
Omphalosaurus
|
Merriam
|
1906
|
Valid
|
eT
|
Europe
|
An
extinct
genus of
marine reptile from
Spitsbergen. It has been considered an
ichthyopterygian, however a study by Motani in 2000 showed that it lacks the basal
synapomorphies of Ichthyopterygia. As such, its exact position in the
diapsid tree is currently unknown.
|
Ophthalmosaurus
[9]
|
Seeley
|
1874
|
Valid
|
mJ
[8]
to
lJ
[8]
|
Europe[
citation needed]
N. America[
citation needed]
S. America
[9]
|
|
Otschevia
|
Efimov
|
1997
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Brachypterygius.
|
Pachygonosaurus
|
von Huene
|
1916
|
Nomen dubium
|
|
|
|
Palvennia
[17]
|
Druckenmiller
et al.
|
2012
|
Valid
|
lJ
[17]
|
Europe
[17]
|
|
Panjiangsaurus
|
Chen
Chang
|
2003
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Guizhouichthyosaurus.
[30]
[31]
|
Parahupehsuchus
|
Chen
et al.
|
2014
|
Valid
|
eT
|
Asia
|
|
Paraophthalmosaurus
|
Arkhangelsky
|
1997
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Ophthalmosaurus.
|
Parrassaurus
[32]
|
Barrientos-Lara
Alvarado-Ortega
|
2021
|
Valid
|
lJ
|
North America
|
|
Parvinatator
|
Nicholls
Brinkman
|
1995
|
Valid
|
|
|
Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian.
|
Pessopteryx
|
Wiman
|
1910
|
Valid
|
|
|
|
Pessosaurus
|
Wiman
|
1910
|
Valid
|
mT
[8]
|
|
|
Phalarodon
|
Merriam
|
1910
|
Valid
|
mT
[8]
|
Asia
[33]
|
|
Phantomosaurus
[8]
|
Maisch
Matzke
|
2000
|
Valid
|
|
|
|
Platypterygius
|
Kuhn
|
1946
|
Valid
|
lK
[8]
|
|
|
Plutoniosaurus
|
Efimov
|
1997
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Platypterygius.
|
Proteosaurus
|
Home
|
1819
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Ichthyosaurus.
|
Protoichthyosaurus
|
Appleby
|
1979
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of
Ichthyosaurus.
|
Qianichthyosaurus
|
Li
|
1999
|
Valid
|
|
|
|
Quasianosteosaurus
|
Maisch
Matzke
|
2003
|
Valid
|
eT
|
Europe
|
|
Sangiorgiosaurus
|
Brinkmann
|
1998
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Junior synonym of Mixosaurus.
|
Sclerocormus
|
Jiang et al.
|
2016
|
Valid
|
eT
|
Asia
|
Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian.
|
Shastasaurus
|
Merriam
|
1895
|
Valid
|
mT
[30] to
lT
[8]
|
Asia
Europe
N. America
|
Shastasaurus is a genus of
ichthyosaur from whose remains have been found in
United States,
Canada,
Mexico,
Austria,
Italy,
Switzerland,
Germany,
Spitsbergen and
China.
[30]
|
Shonisaurus
|
Camp
|
1976
|
Valid
|
lT
[8]
|
?
Asia
N. America
|
The largest
genus of
ichthyosaur that has yet been found.
Fossils of Shonisaurus were first found in
Nevada in 1920. It lived during the
Norian stage of the late
Triassic period and had a long pointed mouth that contained
teeth only at the front end. S. popularis specimens reached a length of 15 meters (49 feet). A second species, S. sikanniensis, was later discovered in
British Columbia and has an estimated length of 21 meters (69 feet).
|
Simbirskia
|
Otschev
Efimov
|
1985
|
Valid
|
|
|
|
Simbirskiasaurus
|
Otschev
Efimov
|
1985
|
Valid
|
eK
[8]
|
|
|
Sisteronia
[34]
|
Fischer et al.
|
2014
|
Valid
|
eK
[34]
|
Europe
[34]
|
A
platypterygiine
ophthalmosaurid
ichthyosaur. The type species is Sisteronia seeleyi.
[34]
|
Stenopterygius
|
Jaekel
|
1904
|
Valid
|
eJ
[8]
|
Europe
|
Lived from the
Toarcian to
Aalenian from
England,
France,
Germany and
Luxembourg. Maximum length was 4 m.
[11] One famous fossil is that of a mother and baby that died in
childbirth. This proved that ichthyosaur infants were born tail-first, just like
cetaceans, to prevent them from drowning before fully clearing the birth canal.
|
Suevoleviathan
|
Maisch
|
1998
|
Valid
|
|
|
|
Sumpalla
[35]
|
Campos et al.
|
2021
|
Valid
|
lJ
|
South America
|
|
Svalbardosaurus
|
Mazin
|
1981
|
Nomen dubium
[1]
|
eT
[8]
|
|
|
Sveltonectes
|
Fischer
Masure
Arkhangelsky
Godefroit
|
2011
|
Valid
|
eK
|
Europe
|
|
Temnodontosaurus
|
Lydekker
|
1889
|
Valid
|
eJ
[8]
|
Europe
|
Lived from the
Hettangian to
Toarcian in
England and
Germany. It was a large
genus, exceeded 12 meters (39 feet) in length.
[11] Temnodontosaurus eyes were approximately 20 cm (7.9 in) in diameter making them the largest of any known vertebrate[
citation needed].
|
Thaisaurus
|
Mazin
Sutetthorn
Buffetaut
Jaeger
Helmcke-Ignavat
|
1991
|
Valid
|
|
|
Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian.
|
Thalassodraco
[36]
|
Jacobs
Martill
|
2020
|
Valid
|
mJ
|
Europe
|
|
Thalattoarchon
[37]
|
Fröbisch
et al.
|
2013
|
Valid
|
mT
[37]
|
North America
[37]
|
|
Tholodus
|
von Meyer
|
1851
|
Valid
|
mT
|
Possibly
Asia
Europe
|
|
Toretocnemus
|
Merriam
|
1902
|
Valid
|
lT
[8]
|
|
|
Typicusichthyosaurus
|
Yin et al.
|
2000
|
Jr. synonym
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Probable junior synonym of
Guanlingsaurus, though poor preservation makes it difficult to tell
[38]
[39]
|
Undorosaurus
|
Efimov
|
1997
|
Valid
|
lJ
|
Russia
|
|
Utatsusaurus
[1]
[8]
|
Shikoma
|
1978
|
Valid
|
eT
[8]
|
|
Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygian.
|
Wahlisaurus
|
Lomax
|
2016
|
Valid
|
eJ
|
Europe
|
|
Wimanius
|
Maisch
Matzke
|
1988
|
Valid
|
|
|
|
Xinminosaurus
|
Jiang et al
|
2008
|
Valid
|
|
|
Possible synonym of Tholodus.
|
Yasykovia
|
Efimov
|
1999
|
Valid
|
lJ
|
Russia
|
Formerly known as a synonym of Ophthalmosaurus.
|