From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of transcontinental former countries , i.e.
countries which covered land on two or more
continents , including islands associated with a continent other than the one where the country was based. The examples below are listed in chronological order[
dubious –
discuss ] with the number of continents covered in parentheses and the country's primary continent listed first. When a timespan is included, it is the time period in which the country was transcontinental.
BC
Ancient Egyptian Empire (2) – Africa, Asia,
[1]
Sabaeans (2) – Asia, Africa
[4]
Cimmerians (2) – Europe, Asia (late 8th century BC)
[map]
Assyria (2) – Asia, Africa (671–612 BC)
[map]
Neo-Babylonian Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (567–539 BC)
[5]
Achaemenid Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa
[map]
Carthage (2) – Africa, Europe
[6]
Alexander the Great (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa (334–323 BC)
[map]
Ptolemaic Kingdom (3) – Africa, Asia,
[map]
[7] Europe (at its peak)
[map]
Lysimachian Kingdom (2) – Europe, Asia (306–281 BC)
[map]
Seleucid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (281 BC
[map] and 196–191 BC
[map] )
Roman Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa
[map]
AD 1–AD 500
Sarmatians (2) – Europe, Asia
[map]
Kingdom of Aksum (2) – Africa, Asia
[8]
[map]
Himyarite Kingdom (2) – Asia, Africa
[8]
Palmyrene Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (260–273)
Hunnic Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
[map]
Byzantine Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa
[map]
Western Roman Empire (2) – Europe, Africa (395–476)
[map]
Vandal Kingdom (2) – Europe, Africa
[map]
[9]
Ostrogoths (2) – Europe, Africa
[10]
500–1000
Sabirs (2) – Europe, Asia
Sassanid Empire (2) – Asia, Africa, (618–641)
[map]
First Turkic Khaganate
[11] (2) – Asia, Europe
Islamic
Caliphate
Alanian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
[map]
Khazar Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
[13]
Emirate of
Córdoba (2) – Europe, Africa
[14]
Pechenegs (2) – Europe, Asia
[map]
Shailendra dynasty (2) – Asia, Oceania
Kingdom of Kakheti (2) – Asia, Europe
Kingdom of Abkhazia (2) – Asia, Europe
Aghlabid Emirate (2) – Africa, Europe (827–909)
[15]
Tulunid Emirate (2) – Africa, Asia (877–904)
[map]
Sajid Emirate of
Azerbaijan (2) – Asia, Europe
[16]
Fatimid Caliphate (3) – Africa, Asia,
[map] Europe
[map]
Rus (2) – Europe, Asia (at its peak during the
Caspian expedition of 913)
[map]
Caliphate of Córdoba (2) – Europe, Africa
[17]
Ikhshidids (2) – Africa, Asia (935–969)
[map]
1000–1450
Sallarid Emirate of Azerbaijan (2) – Asia, Europe
[18]
Kalbid
Emirate of Sicily (2) – Europe, Africa
[17]
Georgian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
[map]
Almoravid Empire (2) – Africa, Europe
[map]
Seljuqs (2) – Asia, Europe
[map]
Pisa (3) – Europe,
[19] Asia, Africa
[map]
Kediri Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania
[map]
Chola Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania (at its peak circa 1050)
[map]
Kingdom of Sicily (2) – Europe, Africa
[20]
Almohad Empire (2) – Africa, Europe
[20]
Kingdom of Jerusalem (2) – Asia, Africa (1164 and 1167)
[map]
Ayyubid Sultanate (2) – Asia, Africa (1169–1250)
[map]
Shirvanshah Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
[21]
Latin Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (1204–1261)
[map]
Venice (2) – Europe, Asia
[map]
[22]
Second Bulgarian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (at its peak)
[map]
Khwarezmian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (at its peak)
[23]
Mongol Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
[map] (largest empire of contiguous land ever)
Golden Horde (2) – Europe, Asia
[map]
Empire of Nicaea (2) – Asia, Europe
[map]
Mamluk Empire (2) – Africa, Asia
[24]
Majapahit Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania
[map]
[25]
Ilkhanate (2) – Asia, Europe (1255–1335)
[26]
Genoese Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
[27]
[map]
Aragonese Empire (2) – Europe, Africa
[map]
[map]
Marinid Sultanate (2) – Africa, Europe (1294–1344)
[map]
Ottoman Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa
[map]
Buginese Empire (2) – Oceania (including northern Australia,) Asia
Timurid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
[28]
Nogai Horde Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
[29]
Castilian Empire (2) – Europe, Africa
[map]
Kara Koyunlu Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
[map]
Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) (2) – Europe, North America
[map]
1450–1700
Portuguese Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania
[map]
[map] (from 1808 to 1821, its capital was in
Rio de Janeiro )
Mahra Sultanate (2) – Asia, Africa
[map]
Spanish Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania
[map]
Kingdom of
Denmark-Norway (4) – Europe, Asia, North America, Africa
[map]
German Empire (4) – Europe, South America,
[map] Asia,
[map] Africa
[map]
Iberian Union Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania (1580–1640)
[map]
British Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania.
[map]
Dutch Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania
[map]
French Empire (6) – Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania
[map]
Scotland (2) – Europe, North America (1621–1631)
[map]
Swedish Empire (3) – Europe, North America,
[map]
[map] Africa
[map]
Courland (3) – Europe, Africa, South America (1651–1689) (a dependency of
Poland–Lithuania )
[map]
Knights of Malta (3) – Europe, Africa, North America (1530–1551 and 1651–1665)
Brandenburg-Prussia (3) – Europe, Africa,
[map]
[map] North America
[map] (1682–1721)
Since 1700
British Empire (7) – (English Empire until 1707) Asia, Oceania, Africa, Europe, South America, North America, Antarctica
Omani Empire (2) – Asia, Africa
[30] (from 1840 to 1856,
Said bin Sultan had the capital in
Stone Town ,
Zanzibar )
Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (2) – Europe, Africa (1714–1718)
[31]
Russian Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, North America
[map]
United States of America (5) – North America, Africa (1810–1814),
[map] Asia (1898-1945), Oceania, South America (1898–1979)
[map]
[map]
Argentina (5) – South America, Antarctica, Africa (1810-1815), North America (occupied
California from November 23 to November 29, 1818), Asia (occupied
Manila from 31 January to 30 March 1818)
Mexico (2) - North America, Oceania
Chile (3) - South America, Antarctica, Oceania
Ecuador (2) - South America, Oceania
Portugal (3) - Europe, Africa, North America
Kingdom of the
Two Sicilies (2) – Europe, Africa (1816–1860)
[map]
Kingdom of Italy (2) – Europe, Africa (1861–1889)
[31]
[map]
German Empire (4) – Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia (1884–1919)
[map]
Belgium (2) – Europe, Africa (1908–1962)
[map]
Denmark (4) – Europe, North America, Asia, Africa
[map]
Japanese Empire (3) – Asia, Oceania (1898–1945), North America (1943)
[map]
[map]
Norway (2) – Europe, Antarctica
[map]
France (7) – Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Oceania, Antarctica (1830–1962)
Commonwealth of
Australia (3) – Oceania, Asia, Antarctica
[32]
[map]
Union of South Africa (1948–1961) and Republic of
South Africa (2) – Africa, Antarctica (if the
Prince Edward Islands are considered
Antarctic islands )
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (5) – Europe, South America, Africa, Asia, Oceania
Uzbek Khanate (2) – Asia, Europe
[33]
Ak Koyunlu Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
[map]
Khanate of Sibir (2) – Asia, Europe
[map]
Astrakhan Khanate (2) – Europe, Asia
[34]
Safavid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
[35]
[map]
Crimean Khanate (2) – Europe, Asia (at its peak)
[36]
Grand Duchy of Moscow
[map] and
Tsardom of Russia
[37] (2) – Europe, Asia
Kalmyk Khanate (2) – Asia, Europe
[38]
[map]
Kingdom of
Bali (2) – Asia, Oceania
[map]
Afsharid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (1736–1747)
Kazakh Khanate (2) – Asia, Europe
[39]
Quba Khanate (2) – Europe, Asia (1747–1806)
[40]
Kingdom of
Kartl-Kakheti (2) – Asia, Europe (1762–1801)
[40]
Qajar Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (1794–1813)
[41]
[map]
Later Egyptian Empire (3) – Africa, Asia, Europe (1803–1807 and 1833–1882)
[24]
[map]
United Provinces of New Granada (2) – South America, North America (1810–1816)
Gran Colombia (2) – South America, Central America (1819–1831)
[map]
Republic of the New Granada (1831–1858) and
Granadine Confederation (1858–1863) (2) – South America, Central America
[map]
Greece (2) – Europe, Asia (1920 – 1923)
[map]
[map]
Alash Orda (2) – Asia, Europe (December 1917 – May 1920)
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (2) – Asia, Europe (February 24 – May 28, 1918)
[map]
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (2) – Europe, Asia (March 6, 1917 – November 30, 1922)
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (2) – Asia, Europe (May 28, 1918 – April 28, 1920)
[map]
Democratic Republic of Georgia (2) – Asia, Europe (May 28, 1918 – February 25, 1921)
[map]
Centrocaspian Dictatorship (2) – Asia, Europe (August 1 – September 15, 1918)
Russian SFSR (2) – Europe, Asia (November 1917 – December 1991)
[map]
Soviet Union (2) – Europe, Asia (December 1922 – December 1991)
[map]
West Indies Federation (2) – North America, South America (1958–1962)
[map]
United Arab Republic
[map] and
United Arab States (2) – Africa, Asia (1958–1961)
Protectorate of South Arabia (1963–1967), People's Republic of
South Yemen (1967–1970), and
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1970–1990) (2) – Asia, Africa
Federation of Arab Republics (2) – Africa, Asia (1972–1977)
[map]
See also
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