An urbanized area in
Croatia can gain the status of grad (which can be translated as town or city as there is no distinction between the two terms in
Croatian) if it meets one of the following requirements:
is defined by an exception (where the necessary historical, economic or geographic reasons exist)
A city (town) represents an urban, historical, natural, economic and social whole. The suburbs comprising an economic and social whole with the city, connected with it by daily migration movements and daily needs of the population of local significance, may also be included into the composition of a city as unit of local self-government.[1]
Grad (city/town) is the local administrative equivalent of općina (translated as "
municipality"), with the only distinction being that the former usually comprise urban areas whereas the latter commonly consist of a group of
villages. Both municipalities and city/towns often comprise more than one settlement, as the administrative territory of a grad may include
suburban villages or
hamlets near the city/town in question.
Settlements (naselja) are the third-level spatial units of Croatia,[2][3] and the smallest unit for which the decennial census data are published by the
Croatian Bureau of Statistics but are not administrative entities, i.e. they are governed by the municipal or city/town council of the local administrative unit they belong to.
Croatian cities are administratively subdivided into "
city districts" (gradski kotari/gradske četvrti) and/or "local committees" (mjesni odbori) with elected councils. The City of Zagreb, as the capital, not being part of any county, is subdivided into both city districts and local committees.[4]
In December 1992 there were 70 cities and towns and 419 municipalities in Croatia organized into 20
counties (plus the city of Zagreb which is both a city and a county).[5]
In 2001 there were 122 cities and towns (excluding Zagreb) and 423 municipalities. This was the territorial division used for the
2001 census.[5]
In 2006 the latest revision was made, which listed a total of 127 cities and towns and 429 municipalities in Croatia. This division was used for the latest 2011 census.[6]
In 2013 the municipality of
Popovača was upgraded to town, bringing the total to 128 cities and towns and 428 municipalities.[7]
According to the
Constitution, the city of
Zagreb, as the capital of
Croatia, has a special status. As such, Zagreb performs
self-governing public affairs of both city and county.[8]
Tasks and organization
Cities (in
English these would be called "towns"), within their self-governing scope of activities, perform the tasks of local significance, which directly fulfil the citizens' needs, and which were not assigned to the state bodies by the Constitution or law, particularly the tasks referring to urban design of settlements and dwelling, zoning and urban planning, communal activities, child care, social welfare, primary health care, personality development and primary education, culture, physical culture and sports, consumers protection, protection and improvement of the natural environment, fire and civil defence, local transport.[1]
"Big cities" ("big city" is a Croatian legal term, in English these would be just "cities"), i.e. cities with more than 35,000 inhabitants that are also economic, financial, cultural, public health, scientific or traffic centres and cities that are county seats, in addition to these tasks, are also responsible for tasks regarding public roads maintenance and issuing of building and location permits.[1]
City government
City council (Gradsko vijeće) is the representative body of citizens and the body of local self-government. The councillors are elected for a four-year term on the basis of
universal suffrage in
direct elections by
secret ballot using
proportional system with
d'Hondt method. The executive head of the city is the
mayor (gradonačelnik), also elected in direct elections by
majoritarian vote (
two-round system) for a four-year term (together with one or two deputy mayors).[9] The mayor (with the deputy mayor/s) can be recalled by a referendum. City administrative departments and services manage administrative procedures in their areas of jurisdiction. The mayor names heads (principals) of the departments and services, who are chosen on the basis of a public competition.[1]
List of cities and towns
The following is a complete list of all officially designated 128 cities/towns in Croatia, sorted by population according to the 2021 population census. At the time of the 2001 census, there had been 123 cities/towns in the country and four former municipalities were administratively upgraded to towns prior to the 2011 census:
Vodnjan (in 2003),
Kutjevo,
Otok, and
Sveta Nedelja (in 2006). In addition, the table includes data for
Popovača, also a former municipality which was re-designated as town in the latest administrative revision in April 2013.[7]
The Municipal column in the table lists total population within the geographical boundary of the local administrative subdivision. This means that the figure often includes other smaller settlements such as villages or
hamlets located on the outskirts or near the city/town proper. In contrast, the Town/City proper column lists only population of the city/town proper, without the smaller settlements which administratively belong to the city. Both numbers are given as in some cases the figures may vary dramatically (for example
Velika Gorica with nearby settlements has a population of around 61,000 but the town proper has only 30,000 residents).
The town of
Kaštela is a unique exception in that it only exists as an administrative unit - it is legally treated as an
agglomeration of seven separate settlements with populations ranging from 3,000 to 7,000, none of which is actually called "Kaštela". Its town council is located in
Kaštel Sućurac.
Another set of exceptions arises from the special status of the
City of Zagreb, which is considered both a county and a city, and is further subdivided into
city districts,
local committees and
settlements. Unlike its other districts, the district of
Sesvete still has the status of a
standalone settlement with a population of about 55,000. This would make it a large city in itself, but it does not have the administrative status of a city.[10][11]
¤ County seat. There is a total of 21
counties of Croatia but only 20 county seats - the capital Zagreb doubles as a county (called
City of Zagreb or Grad Zagreb) and the seat of the separate
Zagreb County (Zagrebačka županija) which surrounds Zagreb but does not actually include the capital city.