Genus
|
Status
|
Age
|
Location
|
Notes
|
†
Acanthacanthus
[1]
|
Valid.
|
Early
Lochkovian (earliest
Devonian).
[1]
|
Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.
[1]
|
A
vesperaliid based on
scales.
[2]
|
†
Acanthodopsis
|
Valid.
|
Carboniferous.
[3]
|
Europe,
Australia.
[3]
|
An unusual
acanthodid with tooth-like ossifications on its jaws.
[3]
|
†
Acanthopora
[1]
|
Valid.
|
Early
Lochkovian (earliest
Devonian).
[1]
|
Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.
[1]
|
A small
ischnacanthid similar to
Poracanthodes.
[1]
|
†
Acanthospina
[1]
|
Valid.
|
Early
Lochkovian (earliest
Devonian).
[1]
|
Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.
[1]
|
A probable
ischnacanthiform with scales similar to
hybodontiform sharks.
[1]
[3]
|
†
Acanthodes
|
Valid.
|
Devonian? to
Cisuralian (Early
Permian).
[4]
|
Europe,
North America,
China?
|
One of the most well-known acanthodians, a filter-feeding
acanthodid
acanthodiform.
|
†
Acritolepis
[1]
|
Valid.
|
Early
Lochkovian (earliest
Devonian).
[1]
|
Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.
[1]
|
Namesake of the
ischnacanthiform family
Acritolepidae.
[2]
[5]
|
†
Aganacanthus
|
Valid or junior synonym.
|
Mississippian / Early
Carboniferous.
|
Scotland.
|
A possible
gyracanthid known from a single worn fin spine, may be an indeterminate
gnathostome or a junior synonym of
Gyracanthus.
[6]
|
†
Ankylacanthus
[7]
|
Valid.
|
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[7]
|
Canada.
[7]
|
An acanthodian based on fin spines, possibly one of the oldest
gyracanthids.
|
†
Antacanthus
|
Nomen dubium?
|
Mississippian / Early
Carboniferous.
[8]
|
Belgium.
[8]
|
A possible
gyracanthid known from a single fin spine.
[9]
[6]
|
†
Antarctonchus
[10]
|
Valid.
|
Givetian (
Middle Devonian).
[10]
|
Antarctica.
[10]
|
An Antarctic acanthodian based on fin spine casts.
[10]
|
†
Apateacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Late Devonian.
[3]
|
New York, U.S.A.
[3]
|
Based on a fin spine with large denticles, sometimes mistaken for an
ischnacanthiform jaw.
[3]
|
†
Archaeacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Eifelian to
Givetian (
Middle Devonian).
[11]
|
Europe.
[11]
|
Based on fin spines common in Middle Devonian strata of
Siberia and Northeastern Europe.
[11]
|
†
Arcticacanthus
[1]
|
Valid.
|
Early
Lochkovian to
Emsian (Early
Devonian).
[1]
|
Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.
[1]
|
A possible
ischnacanthid based on
scales.
[1]
|
†
Arenaceacanthus
[12]
|
Valid.
|
Wenlock to early
Pridoli (
Silurian).
[13]
[12]
|
Lithuania.
[12]
|
A probable
ischnacanthid based on
scales, common in Lithuania.
[12]
|
†
Atopacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Eifelian to Early
Famennian (
Middle Devonian to
Late Devonian).
[14]
[15]
|
North America,
Europe,
[14]
Iran.
[15]
|
A widespread and long-lived
ischnacanthid.
[14]
|
†
Brachyacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[16]
|
Scotland.
[17]
|
A small
climatiid
[16] from the
Lower Old Red Sandstone of Scotland.
[17]
|
†
Bracteatacanthus
[12]
|
Valid.
|
Latest
Pridoli (latest
Silurian).
[13]
[12]
|
Lithuania.
[12]
|
A probable
ischnacanthid based on
scales.
[12]
|
†
Brochoadmones
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[18]
|
Canada.
[18]
|
A deep-bodied and well-preserved "
climatiiform" from the
Man-On-The-Hill (MOTH) locality in the
MacKenzie Mountains of Canada.
[18]
|
†
Bryantonchus
[19]
|
Valid.
|
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[19]
|
U.S.A.
[19]
|
A probable
diplacanthiform based on fin spines.
[19]
|
†
Byssacanthoides
|
Valid.
|
Givetian (
Middle Devonian).
[10]
|
Antarctica.
[10]
|
An Antarctic acanthodian based on fin spine casts.
[10]
|
†
Cacheacanthus
[19]
|
Valid.
|
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[19]
|
U.S.A.
[19]
|
Based on
ischnacanthid jaw fragments from the western United States.
[19]
|
†
Campylodus
|
Nomen dubium?
|
Ludlow
[20] to
Lochkovian?
[21] (late
Silurian to earliest
Devonian)?
|
Europe.
[20]
[21]
|
Jaw fragments probably belonging to indeterminate
ischnacanthiforms.
[20]
[21]
|
†
Canadalepis
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian?
[22] to
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[23]
[24]
|
Asia,
[23]
Australia,
[24]
Canada.
[22]
|
A possible
climatiid based on
scales.
[23]
[24]
[22]
|
†
Carycinacanthus
|
Junior synonym.
[4]
|
Tournaisian (earliest Mississippian /
Carboniferous).
[4]
|
Russia.
[4]
|
A junior synonym of
Acanthodes lopatini.
[4]
|
†
Cassidiceps
[25]
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[25]
|
Canada.
[25]
|
A toothless, deep-bodied
MOTH locality acanthodian with complex head armor.
[25] Probably closely related to the
acanthodiforms.
[26]
|
†
Cheiracanthoides
|
Valid.
|
Pridoli to
Frasnian (latest
Silurian to
Late Devonian).
[13]
[27]
|
Worldwide.
|
A widespread and long-lasting possible
climatiid based on
scales.
[27]
|
†
Cheiracanthus
|
Valid.
|
Middle Devonian.
[28]
|
Europe.
[28]
|
The fairly common namesake of the
acanthodiform family
Cheiracanthidae.
[28]
|
†
Climatius
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[29]
|
U.K.,
[29]
[30]
Portugal.
[21]
|
The namesake of the family
Climatiidae.
[29]
|
†
Culmacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Givetian to
Frasnian (
Middle Devonian to
Late Devonian).
[31]
[32]
|
Australia,
[31]
[32]
Antarctica.
[10]
|
A distinctive
diplacanthiform with reduced intermediate spines and large cheek plates.
[31]
[32]
|
†
Devononchus
|
Valid.
|
Givetian
[11] to
Famennian
[33] (
Middle Devonian to
Late Devonian).
|
Europe.
|
Based on fin spines and
scales common in the areas corresponding to
Baltica.
|
†
Diplacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Middle Devonian
[34] to
Late Devonian.
[35]
|
Scotland,
[34]
Russia,
[1]
South Africa,
[35]
Canada?
[34]
|
The widespread, long-lasting, and fairly common namesake of the family
Diplacanthidae and order
Diplacanthiformes.
[34]
|
†
Doliodus
|
Valid (non-acanthodian).
|
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[36]
|
Canada.
[37]
[36]
|
A spiny
stem-
chondrichthyan which acts as a
transitional form between acanthodians and non-acanthodian traditional chondrichthyans.
[37]
[38]
|
†
Eifellepis
|
Valid.
|
Emsian to
Eifelian (
Early Devonian to
Middle Devonian).
[22]
|
Germany,
Belgium.
[22]
|
An indeterminate acanthodian based on
scales.
[2]
|
†
Erriwacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Pragian (
Early Devonian).
[39]
|
U.K.,
Ukraine.
[40]
|
A
climatiid with large and complex spines on its shoulder girdle.
[40]
|
†
Endemolepis
|
Valid.
|
Pridoli to
Lochkovian (latest
Silurian to
Early Devonian).
[12]
|
Europe.
[12]
|
A possible
climatiid based on
scales.
[12]
|
†
Erymnacanthus
[41]
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[41]
|
Canada.
[41]
|
A medium-sized
MOTH locality
ischnacanthid.
[41]
|
†
Eupleurogmus
|
Nomen dubium.
[42]
|
Mississippian / Early
Carboniferous?
[42]
|
Australia.
[42]
|
A dubious taxon based on
Acanthodes-like
scales.
[42]
|
†
Euryacanthus
[41]
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[41]
|
Canada.
[41]
|
A medium-sized
MOTH locality
ischnacanthid.
[41]
|
†
Euthacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Early
Lochkovian (earliest
Devonian).
[30]
|
U.K.
[30]
|
A slender acanthodian of uncertain affinities, despite its well-described anatomy.
[43]
|
†
Fallodentus
[44]
|
Valid.
|
Givetian (
Middle Devonian).
[44]
|
Scotland.
[44]
|
A
cheiracanthid
acanthodiform closely related to
Homalacanthus.
[44]
|
†
Fanjingshania
[45]
|
Valid.
|
Aeronian (
Early Silurian,
Llandovery Epoch).
[45]
|
China.
[45]
|
A
climatiiform, one of the earliest known acanthodean genus.
[45]
|
†
Fecundosquama
[12]
|
Valid.
|
Pridoli (late
Silurian).
[13]
|
Lithuania.
[12]
|
A
tchunacanthid
[2] based on
scales.
[12]
|
†
Florestacanthus
[46]
|
Valid.
|
Late
Frasnian to early
Famennian (
Late Devonian).
[46]
|
Colombia.
[46]
|
A
diplacanthid
diplacanthiform and one of the few acanthodians endemic to northwestern
Gondwana (now
South America).
[46]
|
†
Gemuendolepis
|
Valid?
|
Early Devonian.
[47]
|
Germany.
[48]
|
A poorly-described taxon based on
scales.
|
†
Ginkgolepis
[49]
|
Valid.
|
Eifelian to
Famennian? (
Middle Devonian to
Late Devonian).
[49]
|
Estonia,
Russia.
[49]
|
A
cheiracanthid
acanthodiform based on
scales.
[49]
|
†
Gladbachus
|
Valid (non-acanthodian?).
|
Givetian (
Middle Devonian).
[50]
|
Germany.
[50]
|
A large filter-feeding
stem-
chondrichthyan, sometimes positioned among acanthodians despite its very dissimilar anatomy.
[50]
|
†
Gladiobranchus
|
Junior synonym?
[51]
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[52]
|
Canada.
[52]
|
A well-preserved
diplacanthiform which may be synonymous with
Uraniacanthus curtus.
[51]
|
†
Gomphacanthus
[53]
|
Nomen dubium?
|
Carboniferous.
|
England.
[53]
|
A possible
gyracanthid based on a worn fin spine.
[54]
|
†
Gomphonchoporus
|
Valid.
|
Pridoli to
Lochkovian (late
Silurian to
Early Devonian).
[55]
|
Europe,
[55]
Australia,
[56]
Canada,
[57]
Greenland.
[39]
|
A widespread
poracanthodid based on
scales.
[55]
|
†
Gomphonchus
|
Valid.
|
Ludlow to
Emsian? (late
Silurian to
Early Devonian).
[55]
[58]
|
Europe,
[55]
Australia?,
China?
[58]
|
A widespread
ischnacanthid primarily based on
scales.
[55]
|
†
Granulacanthus
[59]
|
Valid.
|
Late
Wenlock or early
Ludlow (
Silurian).
[59]
|
Canada.
[59]
|
A possible
ischnacanthiform
[20] based on distinctive fin spines.
[59]
|
†
Grenfellacanthus
[60]
|
Valid.
|
Latest
Famennian (latest
Devonian).
[60]
|
Australia.
[60]
|
One of the youngest and largest
ischnacanthids, nearly a meter in length.
[60]
|
†
Gyracanthides
|
Valid.
|
Pragian to
Visean (
Early Devonian to
Mississippian).
[6]
|
Worldwide.
[6]
|
A long-lasting and widespread
gyracanthid with flattened fin spines.
[9]
[6]
|
†
Gyracanthus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian to
Moscovian (
Early Devonian to
Pennsylvanian)
[6]
|
Europe,
North America,
Bolivia?
[6]
|
The long-lasting namesake of the family
Gyracanthidae.
[6]
|
†
Hanilepis
|
Valid.
|
Late
Ludlow (late
Silurian).
[61]
|
China.
[61]
|
An indeterminate acanthodian based on
scales.
[61]
|
†
Halimacanthodes
[62]
|
Valid.
|
Frasnian (
Late Devonian).
[62]
|
Australia.
[62]
|
A
howittacanthid
acanthodiform, the only acanthodian known from the
Gogo Formation
lagerstätte.
[62]
|
†
Haplacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Eifelian to early
Famennian (
Middle Devonian to
Late Devonian).
[11]
[33]
|
Europe,
Greenland.
[11]
|
A
cheiracanthid
[44]
acanthodiform based on fin spines common in the areas corresponding to
Baltica.
[11]
|
†
Helenacanthus
|
Valid? (non-acanthodian)
[3]
|
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[19]
|
Wyoming, U.S.A.
[3]
|
Has historically been considered acanthodian material, but probably armor from an
actinolepid
placoderm instead.
[3]
|
†
Helolepis
|
Junior synonym.
|
Emsian to
Eifelian (
Early Devonian to
Middle Devonian).
[24]
|
Ohio, U.S.A.
[24]
|
A junior synonym of
Cheiracanthoides comptus.
[63]
|
†
Homacanthus
|
Junior synonym?
|
Eifelian (
Middle Devonian)
[11] to
Pennsylvanian?
[37]
|
Europe,
[11]
North America?
[37]
|
An acanthodian based on fin spines, though many of its species and specimens have been reassigned to other taxa.
[34]
[37]
|
†
Homalacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Frasnian (
Late Devonian).
[64]
|
Canada.
[64]
|
A
cheiracanthid
[44]
acanthodiform known to have played a large role in the food chain of the
Miguasha
Lagerstätte.
[64]
|
†
Howittacanthus
[42]
|
Valid.
|
Frasnian (
Late Devonian).
[42]
|
Australia.
[42]
|
The abundant namesake of the
acanthodiform family
Howittacanthidae.
[65]
[62]
|
†
Iranolepis
[66]
|
Valid.
|
Early
Frasnian (
Late Devonian).
[66]
|
Iran.
[66]
|
A possible
climatiid based on
scales.
[66]
|
†
Ischnacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[67]
|
U.K.,
[30]
[67]
Portugal.
[21]
|
The abundant namesake of the
ischnacanthiforms.
[67]
|
†
Kathemacanthus
[25]
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[25]
|
Canada.
[25]
|
A
Brochoadmones-like acanthodian from the
MOTH locality, with a "necklace" of
artichoke-shaped scales similar to those of
chondrichthyans.
[25]
[68]
|
†
Laliacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Emsian to
Eifelian (
Early Devonian to
Middle Devonian).
[22]
[11]
|
Europe,
[11]
Saudi Arabia.
[22]
|
A possible
climatiid based on
scales.
[22]
|
†
Latviacanthus
[69]
|
Valid.
|
"upper
Lower Devonian"
[69]
|
Latvia.
[69]
|
A possible
climatiid with large
ischnacanthiform-like jaw plates.
[69]
[18]
|
†
Lenacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Early
Llandovery (earliest
Silurian).
[2]
|
Russia.
[2]
|
A
tchunacanthid based on
scales, one of the earliest acanthodians.
[2]
|
†
Lijiangichthys
|
Valid.
|
Pragian (
Early Devonian).
[23]
|
China.
[23]
|
An indeterminate acanthodian based on
scales.
[23]
|
†
Lodeacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Frasnian (
Late Devonian).
[70]
|
Latvia.
[70]
|
A
mesacanthid
acanthodiform known from a complete growth series.
[70]
[71]
|
†
Lupopsyrus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[26]
|
Canada.
[26]
|
A
MOTH locality acanthodian with two rows of enlarged scales on either side of its body.
[26]
|
†
Machaeracanthus
|
Valid.
|
Late
Silurian to
Eifelian (
Middle Devonian).
[72]
|
Worldwide.
[72]
|
A widespread possible
ischnacanthiform which occupies its own
monotypic family.
[72]
|
†
Machaeraporus
[57]
|
Valid.
|
Pridoli to
Lochkovian (late
Silurian to
Early Devonian).
[57]
|
Canada,
Europe.
[73]
[57]
|
A
poracanthodid
ischnacanthiform based on
scales.
[57]
|
†
Markacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Eifelian to
Givetian (
Middle Devonian).
[44]
|
Belarus,
Scotland.
[44]
|
A fairly typical
cheiracanthid
acanthodiform.
[44]
|
†
Marsdenius
|
Valid.
|
Mississippian /
Early Carboniferous.
[3]
|
England.
[3]
|
An obscure possible
ischnacanthid based on a specimen which is now lost.
[3]
[59]
|
†
Melanoacanthus
[71]
|
Valid.
|
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[71]
|
Canada.
[71]
|
A small
mesacanthid
acanthodiform with broad head plates.
[71]
|
†
Mesacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Early Devonian to
Middle Devonian.
[74]
|
Scotland.
[74]
|
The small but fairly common namesake of the
acanthodiform family
Mesacanthidae.
[74]
|
†
Milesacanthus
[10]
|
Valid.
|
Pragian to
Frasnian (
Early Devonian to
Late Devonian).
[10]
[66]
|
Worldwide.
[22]
|
A widespread
diplacanthid
diplacanthiform.
[10]
[22]
|
†
Minioracanthus
|
Valid.
|
Eifelian to
Givetian (
Middle Devonian).
[11]
|
Europe.
[11]
|
An indeterminate acanthodian based on
scales.
[2]
|
†
Monopleurodus
|
Valid.
|
Pridoli (late
Silurian).
|
Estonia.
[75]
|
Poorly-known.
|
†
Monospina
|
Valid.
|
Late
Pridoli (latest
Silurian).
[13]
|
Latvia,
Lithuania.
[13]
|
An
acritolepid
ischnacanthiform based on
scales.
[2]
|
†
Nerepisacanthus
[20]
|
Valid.
|
Ludlow to late
Pridoli (late
Silurian).
[20]
[5]
|
Canada.
[5]
|
An
acritolepid
ischnacanthiform and one of the most well-preserved Silurian acanthodians.
[5]
|
†
Nobilesquama
[2]
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian to
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[2]
|
Russia.
[2]
|
An indeterminate acanthodian based on
scales.
[2]
|
†
Nodocosta
|
Valid.
|
Emsian to
Frasnian (
Early Devonian to
Late Devonian).
[19]
|
Europe,
U.S.A.
[19]
|
A possible
climatiid based on fin spines.
[19]
|
†
Nodonchus
|
Junior synonym?
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
|
England,
[30]
Saudi Arabia?
[22]
|
Based on fin spines, but may be a junior synonym of
Parexus.
[30]
|
†
Nostolepis
|
Valid.
|
Wenlock to early
Frasnian (mid-
Silurian to
Late Devonian).
[13]
[33]
|
Worldwide.
[2]
|
One of the most widespread, long-lasting, and abundant acanthodians based primarily on
scales.
[2]
|
†
Nostovicina
[2]
|
Valid.
|
Pridoli to
Emsian (late
Silurian to
Early Devonian).
[2]
|
Worldwide.
[2]
|
A widespread indeterminate acanthodian based on
scales and fin spines.
[2]
|
†
Obruchevacanthus
[76]
|
Valid.
|
Late
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[76]
|
Spain.
[76]
|
A
poracanthodid
ischnacanthiform closely related to
Trundlelepis.
[76]
|
†
Obtusacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[77]
|
Canada.
[77]
|
An unusual
MOTH locality
gnathostome, likely an acanthodian closely related to true
chondrichthyans. Despite lacking teeth, it was a predator with specialized lip scales.
[77]
|
†
Onchus
|
Valid.
|
Late
Llandovery?
[78] to
Famennian (early
Silurian to
Late Devonian).
[79]
|
Europe,
North America.
|
A possible
ischnacanthiform based on fin spines; may be one of the oldest known acanthodians.
[3]
|
†
Oracanthus
|
Valid?
|
Mississippian.
|
Europe,
North America.
|
A poorly-known
gyracanthid based on fin spines.
[9]
[6]
|
†
Orcadacanthus
[80]
|
Valid.
|
Middle Devonian.
|
Scotland.
|
A small
mesacanthid based on species formerly placed in
Acanthodes and
Mesacanthus.
[80]
|
†
Paranostolepis
|
Valid.
|
Late Devonian.
|
Canada.
|
A poorly-known indeterminate acanthodian based on
scales.
[2]
|
†
Parexus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[16]
|
U.K.
[16]
|
A
climatiid with a massive first dorsal fin spine.
[16]
|
†
Paucicanthus
[81]
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[81]
|
Canada.
[81]
|
A
MOTH locality acanthodian lacking spines on the pectoral and pelvic fins.
[81]
|
†
Pechoralepis
[2]
|
Valid.
|
Pridoli to
Givetian (late
Silurian to
Middle Devonian).
[2]
[82]
|
Russia,
[2]
Antarctica.
[82]
|
An
acritolepid
ischnacanthiform based on
scales.
[2]
[82]
|
†
Peregrinosquama
[2]
|
Valid.
|
Lower
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[2]
|
Russia.
[2]
|
An indeterminate acanthodian based on
scales.
[2]
|
†
Persacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Frasnian (
Late Devonian).
[15]
|
Iran,
Russia,
North America.
[15]
|
An
ischnacanthid very closely related to
Atopacanthus.
[15]
|
†
Pinnacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[19]
|
Wyoming, U.S.A.
[19]
|
An acanthodian based on fin spines.
[19]
|
†
Plectrodus
|
Valid.
|
Ludlow (late
Silurian).
[30]
|
England.
[30]
|
An
ischnacanthid commonly confused with
Ischnacanthus.
[21]
[30]
|
†
Protodus
|
Valid (non-acanthodian).
|
Late
Pragian to
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[83]
|
Canada.
[83]
|
Chondrichthyan teeth originally misidentified as belonging to acanthodiians, due to their similarity to the teeth of a
Nostolepis specimen from
Scotland.
[83]
[84]
|
†
Podoliacanthus
[39]
|
Valid.
|
Pridoli? to
Lochkovian (late
Silurian? to
Early Devonian).
[39]
|
Greenland,
Ukraine.
[39]
|
A small
ischnacanthid.
[39]
|
†
Poracanthodes
|
Valid.
|
Ludlow? to
Pragian (late
Silurian to
Early Devonian).
[85]
|
Europe,
North America.
[85]
|
Namesake of the
ischnacanthiform family
Poracanthodidae.
[85]
[3]
|
†
Promesacanthus
[86]
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[86]
|
Canada.
[86]
|
A
mesacanthid
acanthodiform from the
MOTH locality, with small prepectoral spines similar to "
climatiiforms".
[86]
|
†
Protogonacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Frasnian (
Late Devonian).
[42]
|
Germany.
[42]
|
A
cheiracanthid
acanthodiform preferring a marine environment.
[42]
|
†
Pruemolepis
|
Valid?
|
Emsian to
Eifelian (
Early Devonian to
Middle Devonian).
[22]
[11]
|
Europe.
[22]
[11]
|
A possible
climatiid based on scales similar to some species of
Nostolepis.
[22]
|
†
Pseudacanthodes
|
Valid or junior synonym.
|
Moscovian (
Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous).
[87]
|
Czechia.
[87]
|
An eel-like
acanthodid
acanthodiform, possibly a junior synonym of
Traquairichthys.
[81]
[65]
|
†
Ptomacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[88]
|
England,
[88]
Ukraine.
[89]
|
One of the few non-
Acanthodes acanthodians with a well-described braincase and gill system, helping to clarify the group's relations with other fishes.
[88]
[89]
|
†
Ptychodictyon
|
Valid.
|
Emsian to
Givetian (
Early Devonian to
Middle Devonian).
[19]
|
Europe,
U.S.A.
[19]
|
A
diplacanthid
[10]
diplacanthiform based on scales.
[19]
|
†
Pucapampella
|
Valid (non-acanthodian?).
|
Eifelian to
Givetian (
Middle Devonian).
|
Bolivia.
|
A
chondrichthyan-like braincase sometimes positioned among acanthodians.
[50]
|
†
Radioporacanthodes
|
Valid.
|
Ludlow to
Emsian (late
Silurian to
Early Devonian).
[73]
[23]
|
Worldwide.
[73]
[90]
[23]
[91]
|
A widespread
poracanthodid
ischnacanthiform primarily based on scales.
[91]
|
†
Rhadinacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Emsian to
Famennian? (
Early Devonian to
Late Devonian).
[34]
[11]
[33]
|
Europe,
China,
Canada.
[34]
[11]
|
A
diplacanthid
diplacanthiform similar to, but distinct from,
Diplacanthus.
[34]
|
†
Rockycampacanthus
[92]
|
Valid.
|
Late
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[92]
|
Australia.
[92]
|
A distinctive marine
ischnacanthid.
[92]
|
†
Rohonilepis
[12]
|
Valid.
|
Ludlow to
Pridoli (late
Silurian).
[12]
|
Lithuania,
[12]
Latvia.
|
A possible
ischnacanthid based on
scales.
[12]
|
†
Sabrinacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[30]
|
England.
[30]
|
A
climatiid with a large shoulder girdle.
[21]
|
†
Serradentus
[93]
|
Valid.
|
Late
Givetian (
Middle Devonian).
[93]
|
Spitsbergen.
[93]
|
A medium-sized
ischnacanthiform.
[93]
|
†
Sevyacanthus
[19]
|
Valid.
|
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[19]
|
U.S.A.
[19]
|
A
climatiid with complex spine plates.
[19]
|
†
Sinacanthus
|
Valid (non-acanthodian).
|
Silurian to
Early Devonian.
|
Asia.
[94]
|
Namesake of the
sinacanthids, a group of spined
gnathostomes which are likely
chondrichthyans.
[94]
|
†
Striacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Pragian to
Frasnian (
Early Devonian to
Late Devonian).
[95]
|
Europe,
[95]
Australia.
[32]
|
A
diplacanthiform based on elongated fin spines.
[95]
|
†
Taemasacanthus
[92]
|
Valid.
|
Late
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[92]
|
Australia.
[92]
|
A moderately large marine
ischnacanthid.
[92]
|
†
Taimyrolepis
|
Valid.
|
Pridoli to
Lochkovian (late
Silurian to
Early Devonian).
[55]
|
Russia.
[55]
|
A possible
poracanthodid
ischnacanthiform based on
scales.
[55]
|
†
Tareyacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Pragian to
Emsian (
Early Devonian).
[24]
[12]
|
Europe,
[12]
Australia.
[24]
|
A possible
climatiid based on
scales.
[24]
|
†
Tchunacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Late
Llandovery (early
Silurian).
[2]
|
Russia.
[2]
|
A
tchunacanthid based on
scales.
[2]
|
†
Teneracanthus
[96]
|
Valid.
|
Late
Emsian to
Famennian (
Early Devonian to
Late Devonian).
[96]
[79]
|
Australia,
[96]
Belgium.
[79]
|
A
mesacanthid
acanthodiform closely related to
Lodeacanthus.
[96]
|
†
Tetanopsyrus
[97]
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[97]
|
Canada.
[97]
|
A distinctive
diplacanthiform from the
MOTH locality.
[97]
|
†
Traquairia
|
Junior synonym.
|
Moscovian (
Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous).
[87]
|
Czechia.
|
Junior synonym of
Traquiairichthys.
[98]
|
†
Traquairichthys
|
Valid.
|
Moscovian to
Leonardian? (
Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous to
Early Permian).
[87]
[98]
|
Czechia,
[87]
Greenland?,
Texas, U.S.A.?
[98]
|
An eel-like
acanthodid
acanthodiform.
[65]
|
†
Triazeugacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Frasnian (
Late Devonian).
[99]
|
Canada.
[99]
|
A
mesacanthid
acanthodiform from the
Miguasha
Lagerstätte, with one of the best-known
ontogenetic series of all acanthodians.
[99]
|
†
Tricuspicanthus
[41]
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[41]
|
Canada.
[41]
|
A small
MOTH locality
ischnacanthid.
[41]
|
†
Trundlelepis
[24]
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian to
Pragian (
Early Devonian).
[24]
|
Australia,
[24]
Nevada, U.S.A.?
[90]
|
A
poracanthodid
ischnacanthiform based on
scales.
[39]
|
†
Uraniacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[51]
|
U.K.,
Canada?
[51]
|
A long-spined
gladiobranchid
diplacanthiform, sometimes misidentified as an
ischnacanthiform.
[51]
|
†
Utahacanthus
[100]
|
Valid.
|
Namurian (early
Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous).
[100]
|
Utah, U.S.A.
[100]
|
An
acanthodid
acanthodiform with three prominent
otoliths.
[100]
|
†
Vernicomacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[30]
|
U.K.
[30]
|
A rare
climatiid with denticulated fin spines.
[16]
|
†
Vesperalia
[12]
|
Valid.
|
Late
Pridoli (late
Silurian).
[13]
|
Lithuania.
[12]
|
A
vesperaliid based on
scales.
[2]
|
†
Watsonacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Emsian to
Eifelian (
Early Devonian to
Middle Devonian).
[1]
|
Europe,
[1]
Australia.
[101]
|
A possible
climatiid based on
scales.
[1]
|
†
Wetteldorfia
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian to
Eifelian (
Early Devonian to
Middle Devonian).
[22]
|
Germany,
Spain,
Australia,
Saudi Arabia.
[22]
|
A possible
climatiid based on
scales.
[22]
|
†
Xylacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Late
Wenlock (mid-
Silurian) to
Pragian (
Early Devonian).
[59]
|
Spitsbergen,
Canada.
[59]
|
An
ischnacanthid containing both the largest species of acanthodians (X. grandis at 2.5 meters long) and one of the oldest species (X. kenstewarti).
[3]
[59]
|
†
Yealepis
[102]
|
Valid.
|
Ludlow (late
Silurian).
[102]
|
Australia.
[102]
|
A large but indeterminate acanthodian which seems to lack fin spines.
[102]
[81]
|
†
Zemlyacanthus
|
Valid.
|
Lochkovian (
Early Devonian).
[67]
|
Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.
[3]
|
One of the few
poracanthodid
ischnacanthiforms known from articulated skeletons.
[3]
|