Bobsleigh is an Olympic sport that is contested at the Winter Olympic Games. The sport was included in the first Winter Olympics in 1924 and has been held at every Olympics since, except 1960. The four-man event, which was first held in 1924, was switched to a five-man event in 1928. The two-man event was introduced at the 1932 Lake Placid games and a two-woman event was first contested at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics. [1]
Four-man
The numbers in brackets denotes bobsledders who won gold medal in corresponding disciplines more than one time. Bold numbers denotes record number of victories in certain disciplines.
- Medals:
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 
Germany |
7 | 4 | 3 | 14 |
| 2 | 
Switzerland |
5 | 5 | 5 | 15 |
| 3 | 
United States |
4 | 5 | 3 | 12 |
| 4 | 
East Germany |
3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| 5 | 
Italy |
1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 6 | 
Austria |
1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 7 | 
Canada |
1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 8 | 
Latvia |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 9 | 
Great Britain |
0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 10 | 
Belgium |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 11 | 
Russia |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
South Korea |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 13 |
West Germany |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 14 | 
France |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Soviet Union |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 22 | 23 | 22 | 67 | |
Two-man
The numbers in brackets denotes bobsledders who won gold medal in corresponding disciplines more than one time. Bold numbers denotes record number of victories in certain disciplines.
- Medals:
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Germany |
6 | 3 | 3 | 12 |
| 2 |
Switzerland |
5 | 5 | 6 | 16 |
| 3 |
Italy |
3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| 4 |
East Germany |
2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| 5 |
United States |
2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
| 6 |
Canada |
2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 7 |
West Germany |
1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| 8 |
Soviet Union |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 9 |
Great Britain |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 |
Latvia |
0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 11 | 
Romania |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
|
Russia |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 23 | 19 | 21 | 63 | |
Two-woman
The numbers in brackets denotes bobsledders who won gold medal in corresponding disciplines more than one time. Bold numbers denotes record number of victories in certain disciplines.
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 Salt Lake City |
United States (USA)Jill Bakken Vonetta Flowers |
Germany (GER)Sandra Prokoff Ulrike Holzner |
Germany (GER) Susi Erdmann Nicole Herschmann |
|
2006 Turin |
Germany (GER) Sandra Kiriasis Anja Schneiderheinze |
United States (USA) Shauna Rohbock Valerie Fleming |
Italy (ITA)Gerda Weissensteiner Jennifer Isacco |
|
2010 Vancouver |
Canada (CAN)Kaillie Humphries Heather Moyse |
Canada (CAN) Helen Upperton Shelley-Ann Brown |
United States (USA) Erin Pac Elana Meyers |
|
2014 Sochi |
Canada (CAN) Kaillie Humphries Heather Moyse |
United States (USA) Elana Meyers Lauryn Williams |
United States (USA) Jamie Greubel Aja Evans |
|
2018 Pyeongchang |
Germany (GER) Mariama Jamanka Lisa Buckwitz |
United States (USA) Elana Meyers Lauren Gibbs |
Canada (CAN) Kaillie Humphries Phylicia George |
|
2022 Beijing |
Germany (GER) Laura Nolte Deborah Levi |
Germany (GER) Mariama Jamanka Alexandra Burghardt |
United States (USA) Elana Meyers Sylvia Hoffman |
- Medals:
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Germany |
3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| 2 |
Canada |
2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 3 |
United States |
1 | 3 | 3 | 7 |
| 4 |
Italy |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 | |
Women's monobob
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2022 Beijing |
Kaillie Humphries
United States
|
Elana Meyers
United States
|
Christine de Bruin
Canada
|
Statistics
Medal table
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Germany | 13 | 6 | 6 | 25 |
| 2 |
Switzerland | 10 | 10 | 11 | 31 |
| 3 |
United States | 7 | 10 | 8 | 25 |
| 4 |
East Germany | 5 | 5 | 3 | 13 |
| 5 |
Canada | 5 | 2 | 2 | 9 |
| 6 |
Italy | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
| 7 |
West Germany | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| 8 |
Austria | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 9 |
Great Britain | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 10 |
Latvia | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
|
Soviet Union | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |
| 12 |
Belgium | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
|
Russia | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 14 |
South Korea | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 15 |
France | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
|
Romania | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Totals (16 entries) | 49 | 46 | 47 | 142 | |
Bobsledders medal leaders
- Men
| Biathlete | Nation | Olympics * | Status ** | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bogdan Musiol | 
East Germany (GDR)
Germany (GER)
|
1980–1994 | B | 1 | 5 | 1 | 7 |
| Kevin Kuske |
Germany (GER)
|
2002–2018 | B | 4 | 2 | 0 | 6 |
| Wolfgang Hoppe |
East Germany (GDR)
Germany (GER)
|
1984–1994 | P | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| Eugenio Monti | 
Italy (ITA)
|
1956, 1964–1968 | P | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| André Lange |
Germany (GER)
|
2002–2010 | P | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Fritz Feierabend | 
Switzerland (SUI)
|
1936, 1948–1952 | B/P | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Francesco Friedrich |
Germany (GER)
|
2018–2022 | P | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Thorsten Margis |
Germany (GER)
|
2018–2022 | B | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Bernhard Germeshausen |
East Germany (GDR)
|
1976–1980 | B/P | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| Meinhard Nehmer |
East Germany (GDR)
|
1976–1980 | P | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Donat Acklin |
Switzerland (SUI)
|
1988–1994 | B | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Gustav Weder |
Switzerland (SUI)
|
1988–1994 | P | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Markus Zimmermann |
Germany (GER)
|
1992–2002 | B | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Christoph Langen |
West Germany (FRG)
Germany (GER)
|
1988–1992, 1998–2002 |
B/P | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| Joseph Benz |
Switzerland (SUI)
|
1976–1980 | B | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Bernhard Lehmann |
East Germany (GDR)
|
1976, 1984–1988 | B/P | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Erich Schärer |
Switzerland (SUI)
|
1976–1980 | P | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Wolfgang Zimmerer |
West Germany (FRG)
|
1968–1976 | P | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| Beat Hefti |
Switzerland (SUI)
|
2002–2014 | B/P | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
- Women
| Biathlete | Nation | Olympics * | Status ** | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elana Meyers Taylor |
United States (USA)
|
2010–2022 | B/P | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Kaillie Humphries |
Canada (CAN)
United States (USA)
|
2010–2022 | P | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Heather Moyse |
Canada (CAN)
|
2006–2018 | B | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Sandra Kiriasis (Prokoff) |
Germany (GER)
|
2002–2014 | P | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Mariama Jamanka |
Germany (GER)
|
2018–2022 | P | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
* denotes all Olympics in which mentioned athletes took part. Boldface denotes latest Olympics.
** Status: B - participated at Olympics as brakeman, P - participated at Olympics as pilot, B/P - participated at Olympics both as brakeman and as pilot.
Most successful bobsledders
Top 10 most successful bobsledders (by number of victories) at the Winter Olympics are listed below. Boldface denotes active bobsledders and highest medal count among all bobsledders (including these who not included in these tables) per type.
Men
| Rank | Bobsledder | Country | From * | To * | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Status ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kevin Kuske |
Germany |
2002 | 2018 | 4 | 2 | - | 6 | B |
| 2 | André Lange |
Germany |
2002 | 2010 | 4 | 1 | - | 5 | P |
| 3 | Francesco Friedrich |
Germany |
2018 | 2022 | 4 | - | - | 4 | P |
| Thorsten Margis |
Germany |
2018 | 2022 | 4 | - | - | 4 | B | |
| 5 | Bernhard Germeshausen |
East Germany |
1976 | 1980 | 3 | 1 | - | 4 | B/P |
| 6 | Meinhard Nehmer |
East Germany |
1976 | 1980 | 3 | - | 1 | 4 | P |
| 7 | Wolfgang Hoppe |
East Germany
Germany |
1984 | 1994 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 | P |
| 8 | Eugenio Monti |
Italy |
1956 | 1968 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | P |
| 9 | Donat Acklin |
Switzerland |
1992 | 1994 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | B |
| Gustav Weder |
Switzerland |
1992 | 1994 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | P | |
| Markus Zimmermann |
Germany |
1992 | 2002 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | B |
Women
| Rank | Bobsledder | Country | From * | To * | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Status ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kaillie Humphries |
Canada
United States |
2010 | 2022 | 3 | - | 1 | 4 | P |
| 2 | Heather Moyse |
Canada |
2010 | 2014 | 2 | - | - | 2 | B |
| 3 | Sandra Kiriasis (Prokoff) |
Germany |
2002 | 2006 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | P |
| Mariama Jamanka |
Germany |
2018 | 2022 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | P | |
| 5 | Jill Bakken |
United States |
2002 | 2002 | 1 | - | - | 1 | P |
| Lisa Buckwitz |
Germany |
2018 | 2018 | 1 | - | - | 1 | B | |
| Vonetta Flowers |
United States |
2002 | 2002 | 1 | - | - | 1 | B | |
| Anja Schneiderheinze |
Germany |
2006 | 2006 | 1 | - | - | 1 | B | |
| 9 | Elana Meyers Taylor |
United States |
2010 | 2022 | - | 3 | 2 | 5 | B/P |
| 10 | Shelley-Ann Brown |
Canada |
2010 | 2010 | - | 1 | - | 1 | B |
| Valerie Fleming |
United States |
2006 | 2006 | - | 1 | - | 1 | B | |
| Lauren Gibbs |
United States |
2018 | 2018 | - | 1 | - | 1 | B | |
| Ulrike Holzner |
Germany |
2002 | 2002 | - | 1 | - | 1 | B | |
| Shauna Rohbock |
United States |
2006 | 2006 | - | 1 | - | 1 | P | |
| Helen Upperton |
Canada |
2010 | 2010 | - | 1 | - | 1 | P | |
| Lauryn Williams |
United States |
2014 | 2014 | - | 1 | - | 1 | B |
* denotes only those Olympics at which mentioned biathletes won at least one medal
** Status: B - won Olympic medals as brakeman, P - won Olympic medals as Olympics as pilot, B/P - won Olympic medals both as brakeman and as pilot.
Medals per year
| × | NOC did not exist or did not participate in bobsleigh events | # | Number of medals won by the NOC | – | NOC did not win any medals |
- bolded numbers indicate the highest medal count at that year's Olympic Games.
| NOC | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 94 | 98 | 02 | 06 | 10 | 14 | 18 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria (AUT) |
× | – | – | – | × | – | – | × | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
Belgium (BEL) |
1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | × | – | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | – | – | – | 2 |
|
Canada (CAN) |
× | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 9 |
France (FRA) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | × | × | – | – | – | × | – | × | – | – | 1 | – | – | × | – | – | 1 |
|
East Germany (GDR) |
× | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | 13 |
|
West Germany (FRG) |
× | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | 1 | 3 | 2 | – | – | – | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | 6 |
|
Germany (GER) |
× | 1 | 1 | – | × | 2 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | – | 4 | 25 |
Great Britain (GBR) |
1 | – | × | 1 | – | × | – | × | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | 5 |
|
Italy (ITA) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | × | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – | – | 12 |
Latvia (LAT) |
× | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Romania (ROU) |
× | – | – | – | × | × | – | × | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
Russia (RUS) |
× | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | × | 2 |
South Korea (KOR) |
× | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | – | – | 1 | 1 |
Soviet Union (URS) |
× | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | 1 | 2 | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | × | 3 |
|
Switzerland (SUI) |
1 | – | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | × | – | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | – | 1 | – | 31 |
|
United States (USA) |
× | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | × | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 25 |
Medal sweep events
These are events in which athletes from one NOC won all three medals.
| Games | Event | NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 Beijing | Two-man |
Germany (GER)
|
Francesco Friedrich Thorsten Margis |
Johannes Lochner Florian Bauer |
Christoph Hafer Matthias Sommer |
See also
References
- General
- "Results database". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- "Bobsleigh: 2-Man Bobsled". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- "Bobsleigh: Four-Man Bobsled". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- "Bobsleigh: 2-Woman Bobsled". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- "Olympic Review and Revue Olympique". LA84 Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- Specific
- ^ "Bobsleigh History". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1924 Chamonix Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Great Britain Bobsleigh at the 1924 Chamonix Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Belgium Bobsleigh at the 1924 Chamonix Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1928 Sankt Moritz Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1928 Sankt Moritz Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1932 Lake Placid Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1932 Lake Placid Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b c Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Great Britain Bobsleigh at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b c Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1948 Sankt Moritz Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Belgium Bobsleigh at the 1948 Sankt Moritz Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1952 Oslo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1952 Oslo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1952 Oslo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b c Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Italy Bobsleigh at the 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Canada Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Austria Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b c Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Italy Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Italy Bobsleigh at the 1968 Grenoble Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Austria Bobsleigh at the 1968 Grenoble Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1968 Grenoble Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1972 Sapporo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Italy Bobsleigh at the 1972 Sapporo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b c Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "West Germany Bobsleigh at the 1972 Sapporo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "East Germany Bobsleigh at the 1976 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1976 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "West Germany Bobsleigh at the 1976 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "East Germany Bobsleigh at the 1980 Lake Placid Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1980 Lake Placid Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "East Germany Bobsleigh at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "East Germany Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Soviet Union Bobsleigh at the 1988 Calgary Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Austria Bobsleigh at the 1992 Albertville Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1992 Albertville Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1992 Albertville Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "France Bobsleigh at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Great Britain Bobsleigh at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Bobsleigh at the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 2006 Torino Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Russia Bobsleigh at the 2006 Torino Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 2006 Torino Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Bobsleigh at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Germany Bobsleigh at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Canada Bobsleigh at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1932 Lake Placid Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "United States Bobsleigh at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Switzerland Bobsleigh at the 1948 Sankt Moritz Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Great Britaim Bobsleigh at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "West Germany Bobsleigh at the 1968 Grenoble Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
- ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Romania Bobsleigh at the 1968 Grenoble Winter Games". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2011.
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