From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The office of
chief governor of Ireland existed under various names from the 12th-century
Anglo-Norman invasion to the creation of the
Irish Free State on 6 December 1922. Common names were (Chief) justiciar (13th–14th centuries); (King's) lieutenant (14th–16th century); (Lord) Deputy (15th–17th centuries), and Lord Lieutenant (standard after 1690). The unofficial term Viceroy was also common.
Reasons for difficulty in stating terms of office include that many left the office empty for a period (sometimes to return to the
Court of St. James's , sometimes to return to their British estates) before either being replaced or returning. There is difficulty in getting clear information before 1529; in the earlier years, there were frequent long vacancies, during which a
Lord Deputy or Lord Justice would act as chief governor. The
Irish Act of Union merged the
Kingdom of Ireland with the
Kingdom of Great Britain to form the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . The new United Kingdom came into being on 1 January 1801 resulting in the disappearance of the separate
Irish Parliament : Though many expected the office of Lord Lieutenant to be abolished, it survived. Periodic debates throughout the nineteenth century erupt over whether it should be replaced by a 'Secretary of State for Ireland'. The office of
Chief Secretary for Ireland (in effect number two in Irish government ranking) grows in importance, with the Lord Lieutenant gradually reduced to a largely though not completely ceremonial role.
The office was replaced by the
Governor-General of the Irish Free State . In
Northern Ireland the position was replaced by that of
Governor of Northern Ireland .
Medieval
Source :
[1]
Under the House of Anjou
Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath : 1172–73
[2]
William FitzAldelm : 1173
Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (Strongbow): 1173–1176
William FitzAldelm : 1176–1177
Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath : 1177–1181
John fitz Richard , Baron of Halton, Constable of Chester and
Richard Peche ,
Bishop of Lichfield , jointly: 1181
Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath and
Hubert Walter ,
Bishop of Salisbury [
citation needed ] , jointly: (1181–1184)
Philip de Worcester: 1184–1185
John de Courcy : 1185–1192
William le Petit &
Walter de Lacy : 1192–1194
Walter de Lacy &
John de Courcy : 1194–1195
Hamo de Valognes: 1195–1198
Meiler Fitzhenry : 1198–1208
John de Gray ,
Bishop of Norwich : 1208–1213
William le Petit 1211: (during John's absence)
Henry de Loundres ,
Archbishop of Dublin : 1213–1215
Geoffrey de Marisco: 1215–1221
Under the House of Plantagenet
Henry de Loundres ,
Archbishop of Dublin : 1221–1224
William Marshal : 1224–1226
Geoffrey de Marisco: 1226–1228
Richard Mor de Burgh : 1228–1232
Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent 1232 (held the office formally, but never came to Ireland)
[3]
Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly : 1232–1245
Sir
John Fitz Geoffrey : 1246–1256
Sir Richard de la Rochelle 1256
Alan de la Zouche : 1256–1258
Stephen Longespée: 1258–1260
William Dean: 1260–1261
Sir Richard de la Rochelle: 1261–1266
David de Barry 1266–1268
Robert d'Ufford 1268–1270
James de Audley : 1270–1272
Maurice Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald : 1272–1273
Geoffrey de Geneville : 1273–1276
Sir Robert D'Ufford: 1276–1281
Stephen de Fulbourn ,
Archbishop of Tuam : 1281–1288
John de Sandford ,
Archbishop of Dublin : 1288–1290
Sir Guillaume de Vesci : 1290–1294
Sir
Walter de la Haye : 1294
William fitz Roger , prior of Kilmainham 1294
Guillaume D'Ardingselles: 1294–1295
Thomas Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald : 1295
Sir John Wogan : 1295–1308
Edmund Butler 1304–1305 (while Wogan was in Scotland)
Piers Gaveston : 1308–1309
Sir John Wogan : 1309–1312
Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick : 1312–1314
Theobald de Verdun, 2nd Baron Verdun : 1314–1315
Edmund Butler, Earl of Carrick : 1315–1318
Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March : 1317–1318
William FitzJohn ,
Archbishop of Cashel : 1318
Alexander de Bicknor ,
Archbishop of Dublin : 1318–19
Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March 1319–1320
Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare : 1320–1321
Sir Ralph de Gorges: 1321 (appointment ineffective)
John de Bermingham, 1st Earl of Louth : 1321–1324
John D'Arcy : 1324–1327
Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare : 1327–1328
Roger Utlagh : 1328–1329
John D'Arcy : 1329–1331
William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster : 1331–1331
Anthony de Lucy : 1331–1332
John D'Arcy : 1332–1338 (Lords Deputy: Sir Thomas de Burgh: 1333–1337 and Sir John Charlton: 1337–1338)
Thomas Charleton ,
Bishop of Hereford : 1338–1340
Roger Utlagh : 1340
Sir John d'Arcy : 1340–1344 (Lord Deputy: Sir
John Morice (or Moriz))
Sir Raoul d'Ufford: 1344–1346 (died in office in April 1346)
Roger Darcy 1346
Sir
John Moriz , or Morice: 1346–1346
Sir
Walter de Bermingham : 1346–1347
John L'Archers , Prior of Kilmainham: 1347–1348
Sir
Walter de Bermingham : 1348–1349
John, Lord Carew: 1349
Sir Thomas de Rokeby : 1349–1355
Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare : 1355–1355
Maurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond : 1355–1356
Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare : 1356
Sir Thomas de Rokeby : 1356–1357
John de Boulton: 1357
Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare : 1357
Almaric de St. Amaud, Lord Gormanston: 1357–1359
James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond : 1359–1360
Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare : 1361
Lionel of Antwerp , 5th
Earl of Ulster (later
Duke of Clarence ): 1361–1364
James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond : 1364–1365
Lionel of Antwerp , Duke of Clarence: 1365–1366
Thomas de la Dale : 1366–1367
Gerald FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond : 1367–1369, a.k.a. Gearóid Iarla
[4]
Sir
William de Windsor : 1369–1376
James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond : 1376–1378
Alexander de Balscot and
John de Bromwich : 1378–1380
Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March : 1380–1381
Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March : 1382 (first term, aged 11, Lord Deputy: Sir
Thomas Mortimer )
Sir Philip Courtenay : 1385–1386
Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland : 1386
Alexander de Balscot ,
Bishop of Meath : 1387–1389
Sir John Stanley ,
K.G. ,
King of Mann : 1389–1391 (first term)
James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormond : 1391
Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester : 1392–1395
Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March : 1395–1398 (second term)
Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey : 1399
Under the Houses of York and Lancaster
Sir John Stanley : 1399–1402 (second term)
Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence : 1402–1405 (aged 13)
James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormond : 1405
Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare : 1405–1408
Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence : 1408–1413
Sir John Stanley : 1413–1414 (third term)
Thomas Cranley ,
Archbishop of Dublin : 1414
John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury : 1414–1421 (first term)
James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond : 1419–1421 (first term)
Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March : 1423–1425
John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury : 1425 (second term)
James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond : 1425–1427
Sir
John Grey : 1427–1428
John Sutton , later 1st Lord Dudley: 1428–1429
Sir Thomas le Strange: 1429–1431
Thomas Stanley, 1st Baron Stanley : 1431–1436
Lionel de Welles, 6th Baron Welles : 1438–1446
John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury : 1446 (third term)
Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York : 1447–1460 (Lord Deputy:
Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Kildare )
George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence : 1462–1478 (Lords Deputy:
Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Desmond /
Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Kildare )
John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk : 1478
Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York : 1478–1483 (aged 5. Lord Deputy:
Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare )
Edward of Middleham : 1483–1484 (aged 11. Lord Deputy:
Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare )
John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln : 1484–1485
Under the House of Tudor
Lords Deputy
Under the House of Tudor
Under the House of Stuart
During the Interregnum
Under the House of Stuart
Under the House of Hannover
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Under the House of Hannover
Under the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (later Windsor)
See also
References
Borlase, Edmund (1641). The Reduction of Ireland to the Crown of England with the Governours since 1172 .