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Painting of John Smith and colonists landing in Jamestown

On May 4 1607 [ O.S. 14 May 1607], 105 English men and boys (surviving the voyage from England) established the Jamestown Settlement for the Virginia Company of London, on a slender peninsula on the bank of the James River. It became the first long-term English settlement in North America. [1]

The trips aboard the ships Susan Constant, Discovery, and the Godspeed, and the settlement itself, were sponsored by the Virginia Company of London, whose stockholders hoped to make a profit from the resources of the New World. The community suffered terrible hardships in its early years, including starvation and native attacks. With resupply and additional immigrants, it managed to endure, becoming America's first permanent English colony. [2]

Once the settlement location was chosen, the company members opened sealed instructions containing the list of the previously chosen council members. The first council president was Edward Maria Wingfield. The other six council members were Bartholomew Gosnold, Christopher Newport, John Martin, John Ratcliffe, George Kendall, and John Smith. [3]

Original settlers (May 1607)

Council members in bold. [4] [5] Titles and occupations are from era accounts, but use modern British spellings.
Original Jamestown settlers (May 1607)
Name Occupation Alt. names Death date (YYYY-MM-DD) [note 1] Notes
Henry Adling Gentleman Adding, H.
Jeremy Alicock Gentleman Alikok, Jerome 1607-08-04
Gabriel Archer Captain and Gentleman Archer, Gabriell 1609 or 1610 winter
John Asbie 1607-08-06
Robert Beheathland Gentleman Behethland, R. 1627
Benjamin Best Gentleman Beast, B. 1607-09-05
Edward Brinto Mason and Soldier Brinton, E.
Edward Brookes Gentleman 1607-04-07
John Brookes Gentleman
Edward Browne Gentleman Brown, E. 1607-08-15
James Brumfield Boy Brunfield, J.
William Bruster Gentleman Brewster, W. 1607-08-10
John Capper Carpenter Not listed [as alive] as of June 1607 [6]
George Cassen Labourer Cawson, G. 1607-12-26 Killed by natives [6]
Thomas Cassen Labourer
William Cassen Labourer
Ustis Clovill Gentleman Clovill, Eustice 1607-06-07 Killed by natives [6]
Samuell Collier Boy 1622
Roger Cooke Gentleman
Thomas Couper Barber Cowper, T.
Richard Crofts Gentleman
Richard Dixon Gentleman
John Dods Labourer and Soldier "1624 VA muster with wife Jane, 40 at muster, he was 36" [6]
Ould Edward Labourer
Thomas Emry Carpenter 1607-12-26 Killed by natives [6]
Robert Fenton Gentleman
George Flowre Gentleman Flower, G. 1607-08-09
Robert Ford Gentleman
Richard Frith Gentleman
Stephen Galithrope Gentleman Halthrop, S. 1607-08-10 Possible mutineer [6]
William Garrett Bricklayer
George Golding Labourer Goulding, G.
Thomas Gore Gentleman Gower, T. 1607-08-16
Anthony Gosnold Gentleman 1609-01-07 Possibly two cousins with identical names. Drowned Jan 1609 in James River. Grandson of Robert Gosnold of Earl Soham, Suffolk. [6]
Bartholomew Gosnold Councilor and Captain 1607-08-22 Captain of the Godspeed
Edward Harrington Gentleman 1607-08-24
John Herd Bricklayer not listed [as alive] as of June 1607 [6]
Nicholas Houlgrave Gentleman
Robert Hunt Preacher before 1609
Thomas Jacon Sergeant 1607-09-18
William Johnson Labourer
George Kendall Councilor and Captain 1607-12-01
Ellis Kingston Gentleman E. Kiniston 1607-09-18
John Laydon Carpenter and Labourer
William Laxon Carpenter Laxton, W.
William Love Tailor and Soldier Loue, W.
John Martin Councilor and Captain 1632-06-?? Lower Brandon Plantation owner
John Martin, Jr. Gentleman 1607-09-18 Son of Councilor
George Martin Gentleman
Francis Midwinter Gentleman 1607-08-14
Edward Morish Corporal and Gentleman Morris, E. 1607-08-14
Thomas Mounslie[ citation needed] Labourer 1607-08-17
Thomas Mouton Gentleman 1607-09-19
Richard Mutton Boy
Nathaniel Peacock Boy Pecock, N.
John Penington[ citation needed] Gentleman
Robert Penington[ citation needed] Gentleman
George Percy Gentleman Percie 1632 Eventual Governor of Virginia Colony. Son of Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland.
Drue Pickhouse Gentleman Piggas, Dru 1607-08-19
Edward Pising Carpenter Posing, E.
Nathaniel Powell Captain [7] and Gentleman Nathaniell 1622-03-22
Jonas Profit Fisherman and Sailor
John Ratcliffe Councilor and Captain Sicklemore, J. 1609-11-?? Captain of the Discovery, eventual Governor
James Read Blacksmith and Soldier 1622-03-13
John Robinson Gentleman Jehu 1607-12-26 Killed by natives [7]
William Rods Labourer Roods, W. 1607-08-27 not [as alive] listed as of June 1607
Thomas Sands Gentleman
Edward Short Labourer 1607-08-??
John Short Gentleman
Richard Simons Gentleman 1607-09-18
Nicholas Scot Drummer Skot, N.
Robert Small Carpenter
John Smith Councilor and Captain Smyth, J. 1631-06-??
William Smethes Gentleman
Francis Snarsbrough Gentleman
John Stevenson Gentleman
Thomas Studley Gentleman Stoodie, T. 1607-08-28
William Tanker Gentleman Tankard, W.
Henry Tavin Labourer Tanin, H.
Kellam Throgmorton Gentleman Throgmortine, Kenelme 1607-08-26
Anas Todkill Carpenter and Soldier
William Unger Labourer
George Walker Gentleman
Thomas Walker[ citation needed]
John Waller Gentleman Waler 1607-08-24
Thomas Webbe Gentleman
William White Labourer
William Wilkinson Surgeon
Edward Maria Wingfield Councilor and Captain 1631 Captain of Susan Constant
Thomas Wotton Surgeon 1638-04-28
Richard [ citation needed] Commoner

Mariners and others known to have been with the expedition (but did not remain at the colony)

  1. Bragg, Thomas - Teenaged Deckhand of Christopher Newport
  2. Bragg, George - Teenaged Deckhand of Christopher Newport
  3. Browne, Oliver - Mariner
  4. Clarke, Charles - Mariner
  5. Collson (or Cotson), John - Mariner
  6. Crookdeck, John - Mariner
  7. Deale, Jeremy - Mariner
  8. Fitch, Mathew - Mariner (d. July 1609)
  9. Genoway, Richard - Mariner
  10. Godword, Thomas - Mariner
  11. Jackson, Robert - Mariner
  12. Markham, Robert - Mariner
  13. Morton, Matthew - Sailor
  14. Nelson, Francys (Francis) - Captain (d. winter 1612-1613)
  15. Poole, Jonas - Mariner (d. 1612)
  16. Skynner, Thomas - Mariner
  17. Turnbrydge (or Turbridge), Thomas - Mariner
  18. Newport, Christopher - Captain, Councilor (d. 1617)
  19. Tyndall, Robert - Mariner, Gunner
  20. White, Benjamyn - Mariner
  21. Danynell
  22. Stephen

Settlers from First Supply (January 1608)

Aboard the John and Francis (captained by Christopher Newport) and the Phoenix (captained by Francis Nelson), 120 settlers left England in October 1607. Only 100 made it to Virginia to settle. When they arrived at Jamestown, there were only 38 to 40 men that had survived the summer and autumn. [8] [9] [10]

  1. Jefrey Abots, Gentleman
  2. Robert Alberton, Perfumer
  3. Robert Barnes, Gentleman
  4. William Bayley, Gentleman
  5. William Beckwith, Tailor
  6. Richard Belfield, Refiner
  7. William Bentley, Labourer
  8. John Bouth, Labourer
  9. Richard Brislow, Labourer
  10. William Burket, Labourer
  11. James Burne
  12. William Cantril, Gentleman
  13. William Causey, Gentleman
  14. Thomas Coo, Gentleman
  15. Robert Cotton, Tobacco-pipe-maker
  16. Robert Cutler, Gentleman
  17. William Dawson, Refiner
  18. Richard Dole, Blacksmith
  19. Thomas Feld, Apothecary
  20. Richard Fetherstone
  21. George Forest, Gentleman
  22. Post Gittnat, Surgeon
  23. Raymond Goodyson, Labourer
  24. Richard Gradon, Labourer
  25. William Gryvill, Gentleman
  26. Edward Gurganay, Gentleman
  27. John Harford, Apothecary
  28. John Harper, Gentleman
  29. George Hill, Gentleman
  30. Thomas Hope, Tailor
  31. William Johnson, Refiner
  32. Peter Keffer, Gunner
  33. Richard Killingbeck, Gentleman
  34. Timothy Leeds, Gentleman
  35. John Lewes, Cooper
  36. William May, Labourer
  37. Michaell
  38. Richard Miler, Labourer
  39. Richard Molynex, Gentleman
  40. Ralfe Morton, Gentleman
  41. Rowland Nelstrop, Labourer
  42. John Nickoles, Gentleman
  43. William Perce, Labourer
  44. Francis Perkins, Labourer
  45. Michaell Phetyplace, Gentleman
  46. William Phetyplace, Gentleman
  47. Peter Pory, Gentleman
  48. Richard Pots, Gentleman
  49. John Powell, Tailor
  50. George Pretty, Gentleman
  51. Richard Prodger, Gentleman
  52. Abraham Ransacke, Refiner
  53. Christopher Rodes
  54. Doctor Russell, Gentleman
  55. Richard Salvage, Labourer
  56. Thomas Salvage, Labourer
  57. Matthew Scrivener, appointed to be of the Council
  58. Michaell Sickelmore, Gentleman
  59. William Simons, Labourer
  60. John Speareman, Labourer
  61. William Spence, Labourer and Treasurer
  62. Daniell Stalling, Jeweller
  63. John Taverner, Gentleman
  64. Laurence Towtales, Tailor
  65. Nicholas Ven, Labourer
  66. William Ward, Tailor
  67. James Watkings
  68. Vere
  69. Richard Worley, Gentleman
  70. Richard Wyffin, Gentleman
  71. Bishop Wyles, Labourer
  72. William Yonge, Tailor
  73. "...with diverse others"

Settlers from Second Supply (autumn 1608)

Quickly after the first supply, Captain Newport boarded 70 new colonists to the Mary and Margaret. First women colonists in noted with a dagger (†).

  1. Thomas Abbey, Gentleman
  2. Gabriell Bedle, Gentleman
  3. John Bedle, Gentleman
  4. Henry Bell, Tradesman
  5. Thomas Bradley, Tradesman
  6. Anne Burras, maid to Mistress Forrest
  7. John Burras, Tradesman
  8. George Burton, Gentleman
  9. Rawley Chroshaw, Gentleman
  10. John Clarke, Tradesman
  11. Henry Collings, Gentleman
  12. John Dauxe, Gentleman
  13. Thomas Dowse, Labourer
  14. William Dowman, Gentleman
  15. David Ellis, Tradesman
  16. Thomas Forrest, Gentleman
  17. †Mistress Margaret Fox Forrest [11]
  18. Thomas Fox, Labourer
  19. Thomas Gipson, Tradesman
  20. Thomas Graves, Gentleman
  21. John Gudderington, Gentleman
  22. Nicholas Hancock, Labourer
  23. Hardwin, Labourer
  24. Harmon Haryson, Gentleman
  25. Hellyard, Boy
  26. John Hoult, Gentleman
  27. David ap Hugh, Tradesman
  28. Master Hunt, Gentleman
  29. Thomas Lavander, Tradesman
  30. Henry Ley, Gentleman
  31. Michaell Lowicke, Gentleman
  32. Thomas Mallard, Labourer
  33. Thomas Maxes, Gentleman
  34. Milman, Boy
  35. Morrell, Labourer
  36. Thomas Norton, Gentleman
  37. Dionis Oconor, Tradesman
  38. Thomas Phelps, Tradesman
  39. Henry Philpot, Gentleman
  40. Master William Powell, Tradesman
  41. John Prat, Tradesman
  42. Rose, Labourer
  43. John Russell, Gentleman
  44. William Russell, Gentleman
  45. William Sambage, Gentleman
  46. Scot, Labourer
  47. Jefry Shortridge, Tradesman
  48. William Taler, Labourer
  49. Daniel Tucker, Gentleman and Treasurer
  50. Captain Richard Waldo, appointed to the Council (d. Jan 1609)
  51. Williams, Labourer
  52. Captain Peter Winne, appointed to the Council (d. April 1609)
  53. Walker, Labourer
  54. Master Francis West, Gentleman
  55. Hugh Wollystone, Gentleman
  56. Hugh Wynne, Tradesman
  57. George Yarington, Gentleman
  58. ...Eight Dutch men, Poles (known as the Jamestown Polish craftsmen), with some others

Settlers from Third Supply (August 1609)

With 500 to 600 persons, a fleet of nine ships set sail in May 1609 led by Thomas Gates and George Somers. In July, a sea-storm hit the flotilla. One ship vanished and the Sea Venture was intentionally run aground, inadvertently colonizing Bermuda. [12] The seven remaining ships arrived at Jamestown only to bring diseased and hungry passengers to the stressed colony. [13] [14]

  1. Henry Bagwell
  2. Nicolas Bennit, carpenter
  3. William Brian
  4. Jeffrey Briars (d. 1609-1610)
  5. Reverend Richard Bucket, chaplain
  6. Christopher Carter
  7. Edward Chart
  8. Josuah (Joshua) Chard
  9. Edward Eason
  10. Mistress Eason
  11. Bermuda Eason, baby boy (d. 1609-1610)
  12. Robert Frobisher, shipwright
  13. Thomas Gates
  14. George Grave (Graye)
  15. William Hitchman (d. 1609-1610)
  16. Stephen Hopkins
  17. Mistress Horton
  18. Elizabeth Joons, servant
  19. Sylvester (Silvester) Jourdain, writer
  20. Richard Knowles
  21. Richard Lewis (d. 1609-1610)
  22. John Lytefoote
  23. William Martin
  24. Francis Michell
  25. Captain Christopher Newport
  26. Henry Paine
  27. Francis Pearepoint
  28. Elizabeth Persons, maid to Mistress Horton
  29. William Pierce
  30. Thomas Powell, cook
  31. John Graye Proctor
  32. Henry Ravens, ship's mate (d. 1609)
  33. Humfrey Reede
  34. Robert Rich, soldier, brother of Nathaniel Rich (d. 1630)
  35. John Rolfe
  36. Mistress Sarah Hacker Rolfe (d. spring 1610)
  37. Bermuda Rolfe, baby girl (d. 1610)
  38. Edward Samuel
  39. Samuel Sharpe
  40. Mister Henry Shelly
  41. George Somers, admiral (d. November 1610)
  42. Matthew Somers, nephew of George Somers
  43. William Strachey, writer (d. June 1621)
  44. James Swift
  45. Robert Walsingham, cockswain
  46. John Want
  47. Edward Waters, Lieutenant
  48. Robert Waters
  49. Thomas Whittingham
  50. George Yeardley, Captain of the Guard for Thomas Gates (d. 1627)
  51. "...and diverse others"

Settlers from Fourth Supply (June 1610)

Third Supply survivors from Bermuda (137 passengers and crew) eventually made it to Jamestown to find only 60 starving colonists, and chose to abandon the colony. In England, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr and Samuel Argall (after hearing of John Smith's adventures) led a humanitarian mission with 150 men (including a doctor) and supplies. [15] They intercepted the weary colonists departing Virginia and compelled them to return to Jamestown with the new provisions and passengers. [16]

  1. Samuel Jordan[ citation needed] (d. 1623)

Notes

  1. ^ Dates are in Old Style calendar format.

See also

References

  • Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from A Short History of Jamestown. National Park Service.
  1. ^ "Timeline of exploration of N.America". Timepage.org. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
  2. ^ "A Short History of Jamestown - Historic Jamestowne Part of Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
  3. ^ "A Short History of Jamestown - Historic Jamestowne Part of Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
  4. ^ "The First Residents of Jamestown - Historic Jamestowne Part of Colonial National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov.
  5. ^ "Virtual Jamestown". www.virtualjamestown.org.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "Jamestown Colony 1606". www.packrat-pro.com.
  7. ^ a b https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/jamestown.htm
  8. ^ "First Supply". www.packrat-pro.com.
  9. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20090323025637/https://apva.org/history/1stsup.html
  10. ^ https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/jamestown.htm
  11. ^ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Colonial_Families_of_Maryland/Zg9ScOKWei8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Margaret%20Foxe%20Thomas%20forrest&printsec=frontcover
  12. ^ "A brave vessel: the true tale of the castaways who rescued Jamestown and inspired Shakespeare's The tempest". ISBN  9780670020966.
  13. ^ {{Cite web|url= https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/starving-time-the/%7Ctitle=Starving Time, The|first=Martha|last=McCartney|website=Encyclopedia Virginia}}
  14. ^ https://www.packrat-pro.com/ships/seaventure.htm
  15. ^ Stevens, Anne. "De La Warr". www.packrat-pro.com. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
  16. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051122024429/http://www.apva.org/history/timeline.html

Additional reading

  • Bernard Bailyn, The Barbarous Years: The Peopling of British North America: The Conflict of Civilizations, 1600-1675 (Vintage, 2012)
  • Warren M. Billings (Editor), The Old Dominion in the Seventeenth Century: A Documentary History of Virginia, 1606-1700 (University of North Carolina Press, 2007)
  • James Horn, A Land as God Made It (Perseus Books, 2005)
  • Margaret Huber, Powhatan Lords of Life and Death: Command and Consent in Seventeenth-Century Virginia (University of Nebraska Press, 2008)
  • William M. Kelso, Jamestown, The Buried Truth (University of Virginia Press, 2006)
  • David A. Price, Love and Hate in Jamestown (Alfred A. Knopf, 2003)
  • Helen C. Rountree, The Powhatan Indians of Virginia: Their Traditional Culture (University of Oklahoma Press, 2013)
  • Ed Southern (Editor), Jamestown Adventure, The: Accounts of the Virginia Colony, 1605-1614 (Blair, 2011)
  • Tony Williams, "The Jamestown Experiment: The Remarkable Story of the Enterprising Colony and the Unexpected Results that Shaped America" (Sourcebooks Inc, 2011)
  • Jocelyn R. Wingfield, Virginia's True Founder: Edward Maria Wingfield and His Times (Booksurge, 2007)
  • Benjamin Woolley, Savage Kingdom: The True Story of Jamestown, 1607, and the Settlement of America (Harper Perennial, 2008)
  • William M. Kelso, Nicholas M. Luccketti, Beverly A. Straube, The Jamestown Rediscovery Archaeology Project