From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tropical Storm Vamei near the equator in December 2001
Typically,
tropical cyclones
form at least 5.0
degrees of
latitude
north and
south of the
equator , or at least 300
nautical miles (556
km , 345
mi ) of the equator. Despite the presence of sufficiently warm
sea surface temperatures and generally low
wind shear ,
tropical cyclogenesis is uncommon at these latitudes, due to a lack of the
Coriolis force , which causes cyclones to spin. On rare occasions, tropical cyclones can develop within 5º of the equator, especially in the
northwestern Pacific Ocean .
Background
For centuries, sailors haven't worried about tropical storms near the equator. It's a rule that cyclones are not supposed to develop there.
Dr. Chih-Pei Chang, professor at the
United States Naval Research Laboratory
[1]
Various factors converge to produce a tropical cyclone, including sufficiently warm
sea surface temperatures , low
wind shear , ample moisture, and enough atmospheric instability to produce thunderstorms. In addition, weather disturbances typically need to be far enough away from the equator to spin, known as
vorticity . This is due to increasing
Coriolis force closer to the poles, and which is zero at the equator.
[2]
[3]
[4]
List
Satellite image of
Cyclone Agni in October 2004 in its formative stage near the equator
Note: Only systems that were of tropical depression strength or higher within 5.0 degrees of the equator are included.
See also
References
^
"Breaking the Typhoon Rules" . Jet Propultion Laboratory. Retrieved March 31, 2024 .
^
"Tropical Cyclone Introduction" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. September 8, 2023. Retrieved March 31, 2024 .
^
"Tropical Cyclone Introduction" . National Weather Service. Retrieved 23 April 2023 .
^ Chun-yuen, Chau.
"Why do Tropical Cyclones always Form more than 5 degrees of Latitude away from the Equator?" . Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 23 April 2023 .
^
"2001 VAMEI (2001361N01106)" . The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
^
Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2004 (PDF) (Report). India Meteorological Department. January 2005. Retrieved 2015-05-24 .
^
"1956 01W:SARAH (1956081N02154)" . The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
^
"1979 ALICE (1978361N02180)" . The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
^
"2014 PEIPAH (2014093N02148)" . The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
^
"WWJP27 RJTD 040600" . Japan Meteorological Agency. 4 March 2023. Archived from
the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023 .
^
"TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT - TROPICAL DEPRESSION NINE-C" (PDF) . Central Pacific Hurricane Center . 22 December 2016. Archived from
the original (PDF) on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024 .
^
"1977 PATSY (1977082N03165)" . The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
^
"2002 Moderate Tropical Storm Abaimba (2002247S03067)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2024 .
^
"TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT - HURRICANE PALI" (PDF) . Central Pacific Hurricane Center . 13 December 2018. Archived from
the original (PDF) on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019 .
^
"Best Track Data on Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Fabien (10)" .
Météo-France . Retrieved 25 March 2024 .
^
"1959 HARRIET (1959356N05152)" . The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
^
"1972 02W:TD02 (1972090N05154)" . The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Retrieved 19 May 2017 .
^
Annual Report on the Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2012 (PDF) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved April 2, 2024 .
^
WMO / ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones Annual Review 2002 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved April 2, 2024 .
^
"1970 Super Typhoon Kate (1970286N06143)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2024 .
^
"1992 Typhoon Axel (1992003N03176)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2024 .
^
Tropical Cyclones 1992 (PDF) (Report). Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved April 2, 2024 .
^
"1973 Severe Tropical Cyclone FLORESCYCLO (1973116S05131)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2024 .
^
"1982 Severe Tropical Cyclone Bernie (1982091S03159)" . International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved April 2, 2024 .
External links