In Christianity, there are a number of other words used to refer to Christians.
In the New Testament
Christian
The word Christian is used three times in the New Testament: Acts 11:26, Acts 26:28, and 1 Peter 4:16. The original usage in all three New Testament verses reflects a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome. [1]
Disciple
Disciple is common in the Gospels and Acts, and is the "characteristic name for those who gathered around Jesus during his ministry". [2] It is also frequently used in the Book of Acts but not in the New Testament epistles.
Brother
The term brother occurs in verses like Acts 18:27. The King James Version renders the plural form used here as "brethren", while modern English versions have "brothers" ( ESV) or "brothers and sisters" ( NIV). The term comes from the theological concept of adoption, which says that believers are made part of God's family, and become his children. The use of "brother" as a designation for Christians has become restricted to members of religious communities (the Catholic sense), or as an honorific for pastors (often used in Baptist churches).
Saint
The Epistle to the Ephesians is written to the " saints at Ephesus" ( Ephesians 1:1). In the New Testament the word is used to refer to Christians generally, but Robert S. Rayburn notes that "the name survived as a general title for Christians only through the second century." Rayburn suggests that the "juxtaposition of sainthood and martyrdom" in Revelation 17:6 may have resulted in the word becoming an "honorific title for confessors, martyrs and ascetics." [3] In Orthodox and Catholic teachings, all Christians in heaven are considered to be saints, but some are considered to be worthy of higher honor, emulation, or veneration, with official church recognition given to some saints through canonization or glorification. [4] [5]
Believer
Belief in Jesus is a central aspect of Christianity. Rayburn notes that verses such as 2 Corinthians 6:15 "substantiate its technical use as a title for Christians". [3]
Follower of the Way
In the Book of Acts, Christianity is referred to as "The Way". The NIV renders Paul's words in Acts 24:14 as "I admit that I worship the God of our ancestors as a follower of the Way, which they call a sect." Rayburn suggests that this was a Christian self-designation, although it did not survive as a title. [3]
Friend
Rayburn notes that the phrase "the friends" (hoi philoi) occurs in Acts 27:3 and 3 John 15, but that it is uncertain whether this means "Christians in general or merely actual acquaintances". Rayburn goes on to note that the designation was used by the Friends of God and the Religious Society of Friends. [3]
Nazarene
The title " Nazarene" is used once in the New Testament to refer to Christians, in Acts 24:5, where Tertullus calls Paul "a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes". In rabbinical and contemporary Israeli Hebrew, Notzrim is the general official term for Christians.
The elect
In Colossians 3:12 Paul calls Christians "the elect". "Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering..." [6]
In later Christianity
Christ follower
"Christ follower" (rather than "Christian") has become the preferred self-designation for many people associated with the emerging church. [7]
Messianic Jews
Adherents of Messianic Judaism will generally call themselves "Messianic Jews" rather than "Christians". [8]
See also
References
- ^ Wuest, Kenneth Samuel (1973). Wuest's word studies from the Greek New Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 19.
- ^ Rayburn, Robert S. (2001). "Christians, Names Of". Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. p. 234.
- ^ a b c d Rayburn, Robert S. (2001). "Christians, Names Of". Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. p. 236.
- ^ Bebis G The Saints of the Orthodox Church at Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, New York
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church (Second Edition)
- ^ Colossians 3:12
- ^ Hutchinson, Mark; Wolffe, John (2012). "Localism and Transnationality: 1970s to 2010". A Short History of Global Evangelicalism. Cambridge University Press. p. 269.
- ^ Robinson, Rich (2005). The Messianic Movement: A Field Guide for Evangelical Christians. Jews for Jesus. p. 23. Retrieved 15 September 2015.