List_of_Ayyubid_rulers References

The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.

Sultans of Egypt

See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.

Saladin, son of Ayyub, 1174–1193
Al-Aziz Uthman, son of Saladin, 1193–1198
Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad, son of al-Aziz Uthman, 1198–1200
Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I (al-Adil I), brother of Saladin, 1200–1218
Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1238
Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II, son of al-Kamil, 1238–1240
As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1240–1249
Al-Mu'azzam Turan-Shah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
Al-Ashraf Musa, presumed descendant of Saladin (nominal rule, under Mamluk sultan Aybak), 1250–1254.

Displaced in Egypt by the Mamluk sultanate, ruled briefly by Shajar al-Durr, widow of as-Salih Ayyub, and then Aybak, 1254.

Family Tree of the Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt

Ayyubid Dynasty

Al-Afdal
Najm al-Din
Ayyub

Al-Nasir
Salah al-Din
Yusuf
⁽¹⁾
r. 1171-1193

Al-Adil
Sayf al-Din
Abu Bakr I
⁽⁴⁾
r. 1200-1218

Al-Aziz
Uthman
⁽²⁾
r. 1193-1198

Al-Kamil
Nasir al-Din
Muhammad
⁽⁵⁾
r. 1218-1238

Al-Mansur
Nasir al-Din
Muhammad
⁽³⁾
r. 1198-1200

Al-Adil
Sayf al-Din
Abu Bakr II
⁽⁶⁾
r. 1238-1240

Al-Salih
Najm al-Din
Ayyub
⁽⁷⁾
r. 1240-1249

Al-Mas'ud
Salah al-Din
Yusuf
Yemen
r. 1215-1229

Al-Mu'azzam
Ghayath al-Din
Turanshah
⁽⁸⁾
r. 1249-1250

Yusuf

Al-Ashraf
Muzaffar al-Din
Musa
⁽⁹⁾
r. 1250-1254

Sultans and Emirs of Damascus

See Rulers of Damascus.

Saladin, 1174–1193
Al-Afdal, son of Saladin, 1193–1196
Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1196–1218
Al-Mu'azzam (Sharaf al-Din) Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1227
An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1227–1229
Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1229–1237
As-Salih Ismail, son of al-Adil I, 1237–1238
Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1238
Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II (al-Adil II), son of al-Kamil, 1238–1239
As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1239
As-Salih Ismail (second rule), 1239–1245
As-Salih Ayyub (second rule), 1245–1249
Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Family Tree of the Rulers of Damascus

Ayyubid Dynasty

Al-Afdal
Najm al-Din
Ayyub

Al-Nasir
Salah al-Din
Yusuf
⁽¹⁾
r. 1174-1193

Al-Adil
Sayf al-Din
Abu Bakr I
⁽³⁾
r. 1196-1218

Al-Afdal
Ali
⁽²⁾
r. 1193-1196

Al-Zahir
Ghiyath al-Din
Ghazi
Aleppo
r. 1193-1216

Al-Kamil
Nasir al-Din
Muhammad
⁽⁸⁾
r. 1238

Al-Mu'azzam
Sharaf al-Din
Isa
⁽⁴⁾
r. 1218-1227

Al-Ashraf
Musa
⁽⁶⁾
r. 1229-1237

Al-Salih
Imad al-Din
Isma'il
⁽⁷⁾
r. 1237,
1239–1245

Al-Aziz
Muhammad
Aleppo
r. 1216-1232

Al-Adil
Sayf al-Din
Abu Bakr II
⁽⁹⁾
r. 1238-1239

Al-Salih
Najm al-Din
Ayyub
⁽¹⁰⁾
r. 1239,
1245-1249

Al-Nasir
Dawud
⁽⁵⁾
r. 1227-1229

An-Nasir
Salah al-Din
Yusuf
⁽¹²⁾
r. 1250-1260

Al-Mu'azzam
Ghayath al-Din
Turanshah
⁽¹¹⁾
r. 1249-1250

Emirs of Aleppo

See Rulers of Aleppo.

Saladin, 1183–1193
Az-Zahir Ghazi, son of Saladin, 1193–1216
Al-Aziz Muhammad, son of az-Zahir Ghazi, 1216–1236
An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1236–1260.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Baalbek

See Baalbek, Middle Ages.

Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam (non-dynastic, former governor of Damascus), appointed by Saladin, 1175–1178
Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1178–1179
Farrukh Shah, nephew of Saladin, 1179–1182
Bahram Shah, son of Farrukh Shah, 1182–1230
Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1230–1237
As-Salih Ismail, brother of al-Ashraf Musa, 1237–1246
Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi (non-dynastic, appointed by as-Salih Ayyub), 1246–1249
Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of al-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.

Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.

Emirs of Hama

See Hama, Muslim Rule.

Al-Muzaffar I Umar, son of Nur ad-Din Shahanshah (brother of Saladin), 1178–1191
Al-Mansur I Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Umar, 1191–1221
Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1221–1229
Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1229–1244
Al-Mansur II Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, 1244–1284
[Vassals to Mamluk sultans after 1260]
Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud, son of al-Mansur II Muhammad, 1284–1299
[Ruled by emirs of Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, 1299–1310]
Abu al-Fida, son of Malik ul-Afdal (brother of al-Mansur II Muhammad), 1310–1332
Al-Afdal Muhammad, son of Abu al-Fida, 1332–1341.

Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.

Emirs of Homs

See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.

Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, son of Shirkuh (uncle of Saladin), 1178–1186
Al-Mujahid Shirkuh, son of Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, 1186–1240
Al-Mansur Ibrahim, son of al-Mujahid Shirkuh, 1240–1246
Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Mansur Ibrahim, 1246–1248 ( Homs), 1248–1260 ( Tell Bashir)
An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260
Al-Ashraf Musa (second rule), 1260–1263.

Directly ruled by Mamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.

Emirs of Hisn Kaifa

See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.

As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1232–1239
Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249
Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah, son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294
Kamil Ahmad I, 1294–1325
Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad, 1325–1328
Adil Shahab ad-Din, 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Ghāzī, 1341–1367)^[2]
Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I, 1349–1378
Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I, 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Sulaimān, 1377–1424)^[2]
Ashraf Sharaf ad Din, 1432–1433
Salih Salah ad-Din, 1433–1452
Kamil Ahmad II, 1452–1455
Adil Khalif, 1455–1462
Salih Khalil II, 1482–1511
Adil Sulayman II, 1511–1514
Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520
Malik Hussayn, 1520–1521
Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524.

Takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1524.

Emirs of al-Karak

Also referred to as governors of Transjordan.^[3] See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.

Saladin, 1188
Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1188-1193
Al-Mu'azzam Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1193–1227
An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1229–1249
Al-Mughith 'Umar, son of al-Adil II, 1249–1263.

Taken by Mamluks under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.

Emirs of Diyar Bakr

See Diyar Bakr.

Saladin, 1185–1193
Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1193–1200
Al-Awhad Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1200–1210
Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1210–1220
Al-Muzaffar Ghazi, son of al-Adil I, 1220–1244
Al-Kamil (II) Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi, 1244–1260.

Taken by Mongols in 1260.

Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz

See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.

Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1173–1181
Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, brother of Saladin, 1181–1197
Al-Mu'izz Fath ud-Din Isma'il, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202
An-Nasir Muhammed ibn Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214
Al-Muzaffar Sulayman, son of Al-Mansur I Muhammad, 1214–1215
Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, son of Al-Kamil, 1215–1229.

Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.

Emirs of Banyas

See Banyas.

Al-Aziz 'Uthman, son of al-Adil I 1218–1232.
Al-Zahir Ghazi, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1232.
Al-Sa'id Hasan, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1247.
As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil (dependency of Egypt) 1247–1249.
An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad (dependency of Damascus) 1250-?.
Al-Sa'id Hasan b. al-'Aziz (second reign; d. 658) 1260–1260.

References

^ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids", The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74–79, OCLC 1199708
^ ^a ^b Meinecke 1996, p. 66.
^ Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 814

Sources

Bosworth, C.E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Columbia University Press, pp. 70-75.
Humphreys, R.S. (1977). From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260. New York: SUNY press. pp. 381–386. ISBN 0-87395-263-4.
Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids", The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74–79, OCLC 1199708
Meinecke, Michael (1996), "3. Hasankeyf/Ḥiṣn Kaifā on the Tigris: A Regional Center on the Crossroad of Foreign Influences", Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture: Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists, New York University Press, ISBN 9780814754924

[1] Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids", The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74–79, OCLC 1199708

[FOOTNOTEMeinecke199666-2] Meinecke 1996, p. 66.

[3] Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 814

[1]

[2]

[3]

v t e Rulers of the Ayyubid dynasty
Sultans of Egypt (1171–1250)	Saladin al-Aziz Uthman al-Mansur Nasir al-Din al-Adil I al-Kamil al-Adil II as-Salih Ayyub al-Muazzam Turanshah Shajar al-Durr al-Ashraf Musa
Emirs of Damascus (1174–1260)	Saladin al-Afdal al-Adil I al-Mu'azzam Isa an-Nasir Dawud al-Ashraf Musa as-Salih Ismail as-Salih Ayyub al-Muazzam Turanshah an-Nasir Yusuf
Emirs of Aleppo (1177–1260)	az-Zahir Ghazi al-Aziz Muhammad Dayfa Khatun (regent) an-Nasir Yusuf
Emirs of Homs (1175–1262)	Asad ad-Din Shirkuh Muhammad ibn Shirkuh al-Mujahid al-Mansur Ibrahim al-Ashraf Musa
Emirs of Hama (1175–1341)	al-Muzaffar I Umar al-Mansur I Muhammad al-Nasir Kilij Arslan al-Muzaffar II Mahmud al-Mansur II Muhammad al-Muzaffar III Mahmud al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida al-Afdal Muhammad
Emirs of Diyar Bakr (1180–1260)	al-Awhad Ayyub al-Ashraf Musa al-Muzaffar Ghazi al-Kamil Muhammad
Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz (1173–1228)	Turan-Shah Tughtakin ibn Ayyub al-Muizz Ismail an-Nasir Ayyub al-Muzaffar Sulaiman al-Mas'ud Yusuf
Emirs of Baalbek (1175–1260)	Ibn al-Muqaddam Turan-Shah Farrukhshah Bahramshah al-Ashraf Musa as-Salih Ismail as-Salih Ayyub Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi an-Nasir Yusuf