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Genus of horseshoe crab relatives
Limuloides is a
genus of
synziphosurine , a
paraphyletic group of fossil
chelicerate
arthropods .
[1]
[2] Limuloides was regarded as part of the
clade
Planaterga .
[1]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[2]
[6]
Fossils of the genus have been discovered in
deposits of the
Silurian
period in the
United Kingdom and potentially in the
United States . Limuloides is one of the two genera of the
family
Bunodidae , the other being the type genus
Bunodes .
[1]
[7]
[6] Limuloides is characterized by a
carapace with radiated ridges and serrated lateral regions, and an
opisthosoma with rows of nodes.
[8]
[1] Limuloides was once thought to have lateral
compound eyes on its carapace, but later investigation did not find any evidence of it.
[9]
References
^
a
b
c
d Lamsdell, James C. (2013).
"Revised systematics of Palaeozoic 'horseshoe crabs' and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura" . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 167 (1): 1–27.
doi :
10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00874.x .
ISSN
0024-4082 .
^
a
b Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Pates, Stephen (2020).
"Pictorial Atlas of Fossil and Extant Horseshoe Crabs, With Focus on Xiphosurida" . Frontiers in Earth Science . 8 : 98.
Bibcode :
2020FrEaS...8...98B .
doi :
10.3389/feart.2020.00098 .
ISSN
2296-6463 .
^ Selden, Paul A.; Lamsdell, James C.; Qi, Liu (2015).
"An unusual euchelicerate linking horseshoe crabs and eurypterids, from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of Yunnan, China" . Zoologica Scripta . 44 (6): 645–652.
doi :
10.1111/zsc.12124 .
ISSN
0300-3256 .
S2CID
55264483 .
^ Lamsdell, James C.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Liu, Huaibao P.; Witzke, Brian J.; McKay, Robert M. (2015).
"A new Ordovician arthropod from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte of Iowa (USA) reveals the ground plan of eurypterids and chasmataspidids" . The Science of Nature . 102 (9–10): 63.
Bibcode :
2015SciNa.102...63L .
doi :
10.1007/s00114-015-1312-5 .
ISSN
0028-1042 .
PMID
26391849 .
S2CID
8153035 .
^ Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Lustri, Lorenzo; Brougham, Tom (2019-12-01). "Revision of "Bellinurus" carteri (Chelicerata: Xiphosura) from the Late Devonian of Pennsylvania, USA". Comptes Rendus Palevol . 18 (8): 967–976.
doi :
10.1016/j.crpv.2019.08.002 .
ISSN
1631-0683 .
^
a
b Dunlop, J. A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. (2020).
"A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives" (PDF) . World Spider Catalog .
Natural History Museum Bern . pp. 1–296.
^
Clarke, John Mason (1924).
"A hemiaspidan crustacean from the New York Silurian waterlimes" . New York State Museum Bulletin . 254 : 119–120.
^ Eldredge, Niles; Smith, LeGrande (1974).
"Revision of the suborder Synziphosurina (Chelicerata, Merostomata) : with remarks on merostome phylogeny. American Museum novitates ; no. 2543" .
hdl :
2246/2745 .
^ Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Amati, Lisa; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2019-11-14).
"New insights into the evolution of lateral compound eyes in Palaeozoic horseshoe crabs" . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 187 (4): 1061–1077.
doi :
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz065 .
ISSN
0024-4082 .