Lavandula angustifolia, formerly L. officinalis, is a
flowering plant in the
familyLamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Croatia etc.). Its common names include lavender, true lavender and English lavender[2] (though not native to England); also garden lavender,[3]common lavender and narrow-leaved lavender.
Description
It is a strongly aromatic
shrub growing as high as 1 to 2 metres (3+1⁄2 to 6+1⁄2 ft) tall. The
leaves are
evergreen, 2–6 centimetres (1–2+1⁄2 inches) long, and 4–6 millimetres (3⁄16–1⁄4 in) broad. The flowers are pinkish-purple (lavender-coloured), produced on spikes 2–8 cm (1–3 in) long at the top of slender, leafless stems 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long.
Stems and flowers
Flower spike before the petals emerge
Calyx (purple) and flower bracts (light brown)
Calyx and corolla
Corolla (petals)
Calyx and corolla (side view)
Etymology
The
species name angustifolia is Latin for "narrow leaf". Previously, it was known as Lavandula
officinalis, referring to its medicinal properties.
Cultivation
English lavender is commonly grown as an
ornamental plant. It is popular for its colourful flowers, its fragrance, and its ability to survive with low water consumption. It does not grow well in continuously damp soil and may benefit from increased drainage provided by inorganic mulches such as gravel. It does best in
Mediterranean climates similar to its native habitat, characterised by wet winters and dry summers. It is fairly tolerant of low temperatures and is generally considered hardy to
Royal Horticultural Society zone H6, or
USDAzone 5.[4] It tolerates acid soils but favours neutral to
alkaline soils, and in some conditions it may be short-lived.[5]
'Hidcote Superior', a compact evergreen shrub 40 cm × 45 cm (16 in × 18 in) with fragrant gray-green foliage and deep violet-blue flowers in summer, prefers full sun, well drained soil, low water, hardy to −30 °C (−20 °F), western Mediterranean species
'Munstead' (syn. Dwarf Munstead, Munstead Blue and Munstead Variety) L. angustifolia variety, 30 cm (12 in) tall, having pink-purple to lavender-blue inflorescences that are slightly fragrant,[20] named after
Munstead Wood in Surrey, which was the home of
Gertrude Jekyll
'Sarah', grows to 15–60 cm (6–24 in), the flowers are petite, as is the plant, used as a short edging, or as a very fragrant addition to the window box, dark violet flowers
'Lady Lavender', grows to 45 cm (18 in), fragrant, gray-green foliage and lavender-blue flowers in summer, prefers full sun, well-drained soil, low water, hardy to −30 °C (–20 °F)
'Hidcote' (syn. Hidcote Variety, Hidcote Blue, Hidcote Purple) L. angustifolia variety. 40 to 50 cm (15 in to 20 in) tall, with silver-gray foliage and deep violet-blue inflorescences, named after
Hidcote Manor in England as it was cultivated there by
Lawrence Johnston
'Jean Davis' 50–60 cm (20–24 in) tall, up to 1 m (3 ft). A pale pink flowered lavender with exceptionally fruity taste
'Hidcote Giant'. A Lavandula × intermedia lavandin. Very vigorous grower (90 to 100 cm; 36–40 in) with a lovely strong fragrance. This has large deep lavender-purple flowers on very long 60 cm (24 in) stems.
'Vera' 75 to 90 cm (30–36 in). Thought to be the original species lavender, harvested for its oil.
Uses
The flowers and leaves are used as a
herbal medicine,[21] either in the form of
lavender oil or as a
herbal tea, to alleviate symptoms such as anxiety,[22] and difficulty falling asleep.
The flowers are also used as a culinary herb, most often as part of the North American version of the French herb blend called herbes de Provence.
Lavender essential oil, when diluted with a carrier oil, is commonly used as a relaxant with
massage therapy. Products for home use, such as lotions, eye pillows (including lavender flowers or the essential oil itself) and bath oils, etc., are also used. Both the petals and the oil are the most popular ingredients in handmade soap.
Dried lavender flowers and lavender essential oil are also used as a prevention against
clothing moths, which do not like their scent.[citation needed]
Lavandula angustifolia is included in the
Tasmanian Fire Service's list of low
flammability plants, indicating that it is suitable for growing within a building protection zone.[23]
Lavandula hybrids are referred to as lavandins. Hybrids between L. angustifolia and L. latifolia (spike lavender) are called Lavandula × intermedia. They bloom later than the ordinary English lavenders.
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.).
"Lavandula angustifolia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 23 January 2016.