Age in the Middle Triassic
The Ladinian is a
stage and
age in the
Middle Triassic
series or
epoch . It spans the time between 242
Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago).
[8] The Ladinian was preceded by the
Anisian and succeeded by the
Carnian (part of the
Upper or Late Triassic ).
[9]
The Ladinian is coeval with the
Falangian regional stage used in
China .
Stratigraphic definitions
The GSSP of the Ladinian at Bagolino in Italy
The Ladinian was established by Austrian geologist
Alexander Bittner in 1892. Its name comes from the
Ladin people that live in the
Italian
Alps (in the
Dolomites , then part of
Austria-Hungary ).
The base of the Ladinian Stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where the
ammonite species
Eoprotrachyceras curionii first appears or the first appearance of the conodont
Budurovignathus praehungaricus . The global reference profile for the base (the
GSSP ) is at an
outcrop in the
river bed of the
Caffaro river at
Bagolino , in the
province of Brescia , northern
Italy .
[10] The top of the Ladinian (the base of the Carnian) is at the first appearance of ammonite species
Daxatina canadensis .
The Ladinian is sometimes subdivided into two subages or substages, the Fassanian (early or lower) and the Longobardian (late or upper). The Ladinian contains four ammonite biozones, which are evenly distributed among the two substages:
Ladinian life
Notable formations
* Tentatively assigned to the Ladinian; age estimated primarily via terrestrial tetrapod
biostratigraphy (see
Triassic land vertebrate faunachrons )
References
Notes
^ Widmann, Philipp; Bucher, Hugo; Leu, Marc; et al. (2020).
"Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery" . Frontiers in Earth Science . 8 (196): 196.
Bibcode :
2020FrEaS...8..196W .
doi :
10.3389/feart.2020.00196 .
^ McElwain, J. C.; Punyasena, S. W. (2007). "Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record". Trends in Ecology & Evolution . 22 (10): 548–557.
doi :
10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.003 .
PMID
17919771 .
^
Retallack, G. J.;
Veevers, J. ; Morante, R. (1996).
"Global coal gap between Permian–Triassic extinctions and middle Triassic recovery of peat forming plants" . GSA Bulletin . 108 (2): 195–207.
Bibcode :
1996GSAB..108..195R .
doi :
10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0195:GCGBPT>2.3.CO;2 . Retrieved 2007-09-29 .
^ Payne, J. L.; Lehrmann, D. J.; Wei, J.; Orchard, M. J.; Schrag, D. P.; Knoll, A. H. (2004).
"Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction" . Science . 305 (5683): 506–9.
Bibcode :
2004Sci...305..506P .
doi :
10.1126/science.1097023 .
PMID
15273391 .
S2CID
35498132 .
^ Ogg, James G.; Ogg, Gabi M.; Gradstein, Felix M. (2016). "Triassic". A Concise Geologic Time Scale: 2016 . Elsevier. pp. 133–149.
ISBN
978-0-444-63771-0 .
^ Brack, Peter; Rieber, Hans; Nicora, Alda; Mundil, Roland (December 2005).
"The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Ladinian Stage (Middle Triassic) at Bagolino (Southern Alps, Northern Italy) and its implications for the Triassic time scale" . Episodes . 28 (4): 233–244.
doi :
10.18814/epiiugs/2005/v28i4/001 . Retrieved 23 December 2020 .
^ Mietto, Paolo; Manfrin, Stefano; Preto, Nereo; Rigo, Manuel; Roghi, Guido; Furin, Stefano; Gianolla, Piero; Posenato, Renato; Muttoni, Giovanni; Nicora, Alda; Buratti, Nicoletta; Cirilli, Simonetta; Spötl, Christoph; Ramezani, Jahandar; Bowring, Samuel (September 2012).
"The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Carnian Stage (Late Triassic) at Prati Di Stuores/Stuores Wiesen Section (Southern Alps, NE Italy)" (PDF) . Episodes . 35 (3): 414–430.
doi :
10.18814/epiiugs/2012/v35i3/003 . Retrieved 13 December 2020 .
^
"Chart" . International Commission on Stratigraphy . Retrieved 20 February 2022 .
^ For a detailed
geologic timescale see Gradstein et al. (2004)
^ The GSSP was established by Brack et al. (2005)
Literature
Brack, P.; Rieber, H.; Nicora, A. & Mundil, R. ; 2005 : The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Ladinian Stage (Middle Triassic) at Bagolino (Southern Alps, Northern Italy) and its implications for the Triassic time scale , Episodes 28(4) , pp. 233–244.
Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G. ; 2004 : A Geologic Time Scale 2004 ,
Cambridge University Press .
External links
45°49′09″N 10°28′16″E / 45.8193°N 10.4710°E / 45.8193; 10.4710